triumphs and travails of jeffersonian republic chapter 11 1800-1812
TRANSCRIPT
Triumphs and Travails of
Jeffersonian Republic Chapter 11 1800-1812
Federalists vs. Republicans
Election of 1800: Jefferson vs. Adams“whispering campaign” Jefferson accused of having an affair w/ one of his
slavesSally Hemings
Election of 1800 Jefferson wins by majority
Aaron Burr serves as vice presidentTied w/ Jefferson in electoral collegeDecision goes to House of Representatives, choose
Jefferson
“Revolution of 1800”Overthrow of FederalistFirst party overturn
Jeffersonian Restraint Pardoned prisoners of Alien & Sedition Acts
Naturalization Law of 1802- reduced requirement of 14 years of residence to previous 5 years.
Did away w/ excise tax
Albert Gallatin- Secretary of Treasury to Jefferson; believed national debt wasn't a blessing reduced the national debt w/ strict economy
JudiciaryJudiciary Act of 1801
Midnight Judges
“Packing” to entrench their party in judiciary branch
John Marshall- Federalist judge who was not removed
James Madison- New secretary of state
Marbury v. MadisonMadison cut judge Marbury's salary; Marbury
sued James Madison for his pay.
Court ruled that Marbury had right to his pay but court did not have the authority to force Madison to give Marbury his pay.
Decision showed that the Supreme Court had the final authority in determining the meaning of the Constitution (JUDICIAL REVIEW)
Jefferson, A Reluctant Warrior
Made military smaller
Barbary States
leader of Tripoli informally declared war on the United States.
Jefferson sent navy to Tripoli & after 4 years of fighting, a deal was reached.
U.S. paid Tripoli $60,000 for the release of captured Americans.
LouisianaNapoleon convinced king of Spain to give
Louisiana land area to France in 1800
Jefferson sends Monroe to join Livingston in France to buy as much lands as they could for 10 million
Napoleon gives up dream of world empire & agrees to sell for 2 reasons:1. Failed to re-conquer island of Santo-Domingo (LA to
serve as source of foodstuffs)
2. Britain controlled seas; didn’t want to give LA to Britain; would rather have US money
Louisiana Robert Livingston & James Monroe negotiated in
Paris for the Louisiana land area
Signed treaty on April 30, 1803 ceding Louisiana to the United States for $15 million.
Americans signed 3 treaties and got much land to the west of the Mississippi. 820,000 square miles at 3 cents/acre.
Jefferson sent his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, and William Clark to explore the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase.
Louisiana PurchaseDoubled size of United States
Strict constructionist
Precedent: acquisition of foreign territory by purchase
Lewis & Clark: 2 ½ year expedition Scientific observation of Indians in the region “immense herds of buffalo, elk, deer, and antelope
feeding in one common and boundless pasture”
Aaron Burr Conspiracies Dropped from cabinet during Jefferson’s second
term
Plotted secession of New England & New York
Hamilton exposed the plot Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel Burr kills Hamilton w/ one shotLeads to demise of his political career
Burr Conspiracy General James Wilkinson- corrupt military
governor of Louisiana Territory
Planned (w/ Burr) to separate the western part of the United States from the East & invade Spanish-controlled Mexico and Florida
betrayed Burr when he learned that Jefferson knew of the plot
Burr was acquitted of the charges of treason by Marshall & he fled to Europe.
Neutral AmericaJefferson reelected in 1804 by a HUGE margin
(162-14; Charles Pinckney)
England: power of seas; France: power of Land; America: neutral
Orders in Council, 1806- closed the European ports under French control to foreign shipping (includes Americans)
No way to trade w/ either nation without fighting
Impressment
EmbargoWeak navy & weak army
Embargo Act-Embargo Act- Forbade the export of all goods from the United StatesPeaceful coercion
What were the effects of the Embargo Act in the United States?
Non-Intercourse Act- formally reopened trade with all nations of the world except France & Britain Replaces Embargo Act Ineffective; leads to War of 1812
Why did the Embargo fail?Underestimated determination of the British
Overestimated the dependence of Britain and France on American trade
Miscalculated unpopularity & difficulty of enforcement
Madison James Madison became president on March 4,
1809
Macon’s Bill No. 2
British refuse to revoke Orders in Council (had control of seas)
Madison reestablished embargo against Britain alone
End of American neutrality War of 1812
Tecumseh & The ProphetWar Hawks
Tecumseh & The Prophet (Tenskatawa) unified Indian tribes in a last-ditch battle w/ settlers; allied w/ British
Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison
Mr. Madison’s War On June 1, 1812, Madison asked Congress to
declare war on the British & it agreed.
The Democratic-Republicans who supported the war ("war hawks") felt that the country had to assert American rights to the world. wanted to invade Canada, the Indians' stronghold,
bc the Indians were being armed by British to attack the settlers.
The Federalists were opposed because they supported Britain.