trip generation survey and origin / destination study
DESCRIPTION
Origin Destination Surveys OD调查…and Trip Generation Surveys…交通出行率调查 Sample Size (100 vehicles or more) of randomly selected vehicles that turned left to go south at Interchange/Intersection 8. In this Survey: 55% of samples went south past机场高速 45% turned right onto黄山大道 Total Left Turn Vol = 1630 vph Result: 900 vehicles (55%) go south 730 vehicles go west on黄山大道TRANSCRIPT
Origin Destination Surveys OD调查…and Trip Generation Surveys…交通出行率调查
TDA
Project Description
项目概况
Project Setting
项目区域现状
Travel Demand Analysis
交通需求分析
Transportation Impact Analysis
交通影响分析
Transportation Mitigation Measures 交通改善措施
Appendix A, Appendix B, etc. etc. 附录 A, 附录 B, 等等
TIA contents
But first…但首先,Traffic Counts, REVISITED…高峰时段交叉口交通流量调查,回访
TDA
Scoping Site in Advance for Intersection Traffic Counts计算前的准备工作 Visit the project site
take pictures of traffic controls and lanes 拍摄交通控制和路面情况
observe intersection conditions Minimize Complications in taking traffic counts
Engineer should make determination of staff needs, in advance.
Timing of intervals, Recording Complications means LOST DATA and a bad
count on the day of survey. Incorrect Counts Missing Information. Wrong North Arrow, etc
Traffic Count Sheet: Hard to Interpret 交通流量调查问卷 : 用中文很难解释
Problem:Intersection mis-labeled because road closure was at LongShouLu
Traffic Count Sheet: Incorrect Method 交通流量调查问卷 : 错误的方法
Counted first...5:30-5:45 pm
Counted second...5:45-6:00 pm
Counted third...6:00-6:15 pm
Traffic Count Sheet: Hard to Interpret 交通流量调查问卷 : 用中文 很难解释
Traffic Count Sheet: Only 15 Minute Count 交通流量调查问卷 : 只有 15 分钟的流量调查
15 Minute Count is Not Enough 15 分钟流量调查不够
Left Out
Right Out
Left In
Right In
3:30 12 8 16 12
3:45 20 16 24 28
4:00 20 4 8 24
4:15 32 28 12 24
4:30 32 8 20 48
4:45 16 16 24 52
5:00 28 12 32 64
5:15 32 20 32 88
5:30 40 24 28 92
5:45 16 12 72 104
6:00 40 12 60 116
6:15 32 8 20 60
What you get when you multiply a 15 minute count by 4:
DIFFERENT RESULTS! 不同的结果
32 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 10032 17 48 100
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Actua
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Actua
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Actua
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Actua
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Actua
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15 Minute Count is Not Enough 15 分钟流量调查不够
Long Hu Xi Juan 3 hr. Count. 龙湖西苑 3 小时流量调查 A real count.
What happens when you multiply a 15 minute count by 4 to “short-cut” the count process. 4 当你计算 15 分钟的流量,会发生什么? You get vastly different hourly totals! 你会得到不同的结果 Likely Incorrect. 很有可能是不正确的
3:30 3:45 4:00 4:15 4:30 4:45 5:00 5:15 5:30 5:45 6:00 6:15 Actual0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Left Out
Right Out
Left In
Right In
Actual Peak Hour Total 实际高峰时段总
Actual Peak Hour Total 实际高峰时段总Actual Peak Hour Total 实际高峰时段总
Peak
Hour
Volu
me
左出口
右出口
左入口
右入口
We need to Count for:
TWO HOURS minimum
We find the peak HOUR from these two hours of data.
It cannot be guessed… …it is incorrect to multiply a 15 minute count by four(4) to get an hourly total. 15min x 4 peak
hour
15 Minute Count is Not Enough This example shows that you get four very different answers
The first 15 minutes x 4 is 15% of actual. The second 15 minutes x 4 is 25% of actual. The third 15 minutes x 4 is 50% of actual, etc. etc. The fourth set was close, but that was LUCKY
3:30 3:45 4:00 4:15 4:30 4:45 5:00 5:15 5:30 5:45 6:00 6:15 Actual0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Left OutRight OutLeft InRight In
Actual Peak Hour Total
Actual Peak Hour Total
Actual Peak Hour Total
Peak
Hour
Volu
me
Photo Documentation is very Important and Helpful
龙寿路 / 人兴路LongShou /
RenXing
Photo Location 1: 1龙寿路 / 人兴路
LongShou / RenXing
1
Photo Location 1: 2龙寿路 / 人兴路
LongShou / RenXing
1
Photo Location 1: 3龙寿路 / 人兴路
LongShou / RenXing
1
Photo Location 2: 1龙寿路 / 人兴路
LongShou / RenXing
2
Photo Location 2: 2龙寿路 / 人兴路
LongShou / RenXing
2
Photo Location 3: 1龙寿路 / 人兴路
LongShou / RenXing
3
Photo Location 3: 2龙寿路 / 人兴路
LongShou / RenXing
3
Photo Location 4: 1龙寿路 / 人兴路
LongShou / RenXing
4
ORIGIN DESTINATION SURVEYS
An Overview of
TDA: Origin Destination Surveys
O&D and Mode Split Surveys OD& 交通方式调查 Different Methodologies.
License Plate Study (video, audio, or handwritten) Check-Point / Intercept Interviews.
Ask questions. 在街上采访 This can be at say, toll booth, or just on the street too.
Video and Analysis. Observe. 视频和分析。守 “Big Data” and Blue Tooth “ 大数据”和蓝牙 Phone Calls. Ask direct questions. 拨打电话。提问
Interpretation and Summary of Data Currently, Big Data has highest level of assumptions built into it,
because of: Limited data set comprised of cell phone users, or those that use blue
tooth. Latency of up to a minute.
License Plate Survey, VIDEOcan “zoom in” later for clarity, engineer just shoots video… easy
?
?
??
???
Can’t see all plates… this is a problem.
20 video Cameras Survey …filmed during PEAK HOUR. Got ALL plates.
License Plate Survey, AUDIORequires visual clarity, can be difficult for engineer to see…
?
??
???
Again, Can’t see many plates… Problem.
??
One Solution: Expensive.
When you want to get ALL cars, you need to put a video camera on ALL lanes, and get EVERY car.
You must use high speed camera shutter. You need an overhead bridge, or some other
way to get a clear shot You need a camera operator for EACH lane. Even with only two locations, you need 6-8
camera operators and 8 cameras total. One such study for one day cost $45k in USA,
and had only 6 locations (25 camera operators).
Another Solution: Sample.
A sample is different than a strict license plate survey. A sample gives you percentages of what direction people
are going, but it is with a RANDOM selection. Random selection can be done with watching video in
office and choosing a car. Random selection can NOT be done by picking a license
plate, because it biases depending on the lane visible to the engineer. Far lanes are difficult to see, and eliminating those from the sample creates a bias that is unknown.
Also, because the license plate method requires matching of plate data at each end, if there are too many missing plates in the sampling, this makes it less reliable. Hard to quantify if there are many entrance and exit points being surveyed.
Origin Destination let’s watch the Green Truck
人兴路 RENXING RD
VIDEO Origin & Destination SURVEYA REAL WORLD EXAMPLE:
Traffic Impact Analysis 交通影响分析
Project Description: Study Area
金开
大道
人和
大道
人兴路
黄山大道机场高速
NEW ROAD? What Will Happen?
WB Traffic from JinKai
Traffic Will SHIFT with New Road
We had to define this Traffic with an O&D Survey.1. The traffic on the bridge was counted: 16302. Percentage of bridge to Freeway counted: 55%
Video Survey Corridors
Video Camera Tripod Locations
Selected Study Intersections
TOOK NEW TRAFFIC COUNTS
Used iPhone Traffic Count Tool
Used Manual Traffic Count Sheet Method
Summary of Origin/Destination
Traffic Count Data was used with O&D Data
Sample Size (100 vehicles or more) of randomly selected vehicles that turned left to go south at Interchange/Intersection 8.
In this Survey: 55% of samples went south past 机场高速 45% turned right onto 黄山大道
Total Left Turn Vol = 1630 vph Result: 900 vehicles (55%) go south 730 vehicles go west on 黄山大道
Video Inspection Methodology In the video clips that follow, the
methodology used to sample traffic is set forth.
Video clips are “scrubbed” to watch a vehicle very quickly, to see where it came from, and to see where it went.
Origin Destination Samples“Video Scrubbing Method”
Worksheet: Random Sampling of Vehicles
WB Traffic from JinKai
PM Peak Hour is 2273 vehicles WB/SB on 金开大道 . 1630 turns to go south on 人和大道 . 643 goes west on 金开大道 .
55% of 1630 goes south on 人和大道 based on the O&D Video Survey results.
This is the control volume: 900
45% of 1630 goes west on 黄山大道
Reassign Traffic from JinKai
NB RenHe to EB JinKai SHIFT?
Existing NB RenHe Traffic
Same Method Usedfor NB Traffic: sampling
Using Sampling methodology lets the engineer multiple percentage (%) values by the TRAFFIC COUNT data to get the amount of traffic that would SHIFT.
You need a statistically valid sample size. At least 100 random samples.
Even the NB LEFT TURN traffic is expected to SHIFT
Other Emerging Technologies that can be used for O&D… BLUETOOTH
How it works Advantages:
It is time, date and location data, but needs interpretation (bus passengers, bikes, peds, etc., mixed with car’s data)
Can helps in determining paths and times Can be useful in timing studies, speed studies, O&D
Disadvantages: It is just small sampling, not a traffic count Traffic counts still need to be performed. It is ONLY counting the cell phones that have blue tooth
turned ON Demographics of local Bluetooth users is not known Interpretation of data to determine car status, ped status,
bike, or even bus status…
Bluetooth Sampling Devices can detect BTA phones, BTA computers, some cars
Bluetooth Sampling Technology grabs a unique BT ID Address, and matches them
Bluetooth Sampling Technologymatches IDs at different measuring stations, and computes travel times & speeds.
Bluetooth O&D Result Matches Can also detect the path traveled (assumed), depending on # of stations used. It’s still JUST sampling… because not everyone uses bluetooth.This kind of information is extremely helpful in setting up
a travel demand model, and calibrating it to real world conditions.
It is the trip distribution variable(s).
TRIP GENERATION SURVEYSAn Overview of
Trip Generation in USA
two thick manuals, 1500 pages,users guidebook too.
Trip Generation in USA ITE Manual has 162 landuses China Manual has 36 landuses
China manual can use more categories and data.
Trip Generation Data in China is 5 times less
than what USA is using. More data is needed. ITE Manual China Manual162 landuses 36 landuses
ITE ITE ITE CHINA
ITE ITE
ITE says:
ITE Updates Trip Gen Manual Banking Industry, for example…
ITE examined trip data for banks before and after technology opened up ATMs and now Internet Banking.
Vehicle and Ped trips to the bank have gone down significantly. Because of technology advances
Older Trip data for Banks (pre 2000) have been removed to prevent skewing of data.
Older data is discarded as our world changes. China is changing fast in many ways with vehicle
ownership UP, and large expansion of METRO lines.
ITE FORM only itemizes for TRUCKS. No PEDS. Mindset. Demographic
In China we also need to Count PEDESTRIANS and other MODES
Why would we need a Trip Generation Survey? Lacking Data
The China TG Manual does not have rates for many land use categories (such as VILLA, which is not in there)
We, TYLIN, conducted a VILLA count because LongHu Project had Villas as a part of project.
Villas have much higher vehicle trip counts than apts.
Data Not Local. From another area of China Is it applicable? You will not know until you conduct a TG
Survey to find out if there are similarities. Are Demographics different?
The Client has a New Land Use Type, or a Hybrid Maybe the China TG Manual does NOT have a hybrid but
an existing hybrid land use exists, and can be surveyed… If so, DO IT !
How to Scope a Trip Generation Survey
Define the Area to be surveyed The area should be a single land use type, such as
residential, or commercial, or institutional, etc. Identify all exit and entrance points.
Trip Purpose: Find out the MODE SPLIT (car, ped, bike, etc) Find out the Trip Purpose (traffic model purposes)
Training of Staff. Diagrams to help define specific duty. Photos to familiarize staff with area Execution coordinated by clock, overseen by
supervisor
Example Project:
礼嘉 A 区龙湖地块 (A61-68) 交通研究 We had BeiJing Trip Rates already… but What should we use for Trip Generation?
Since there is a residential apartment complex in the City of ChongQing that was also developed by Long Hu company ( 龙湖西苑 Long Hu Xi Juan), this is ideal and similar. There are also VILLAS nearby across the street Find out pedestrian traffic Find out auto traffic This can be used for Traffic Study Project
Also the 美地 MeiDi Villas development was surveyed to get a sample of northern CQ Villa trip generation.
PM Peak Person Trips / 100户数 ( 小户型 )
Source:
ITE does not have PED data
PM Peak Person Trips / 100户数 ( 中户型 )
Source:
ITE does not have PED data
PM Peak Person Trips / 100户数 ( 大户型 )
Source:
ITE does not have PED data
PM Peak AUTO Trips / 100 户数 ( 小户型 )
Source:
PM Peak AUTO Trips / 100 户数 ( 中户型 )
Source:
PM Peak AUTO Trips / 100 户数 ( 大户型 )
Source:
Example: RESIDENTIAL Landuse Area in red is a
“closed” land use area, gated, and filled with 1683 residential apartment units.
There are several locations to count outside the fence Car entry/exit Pedestrian entry/exit
1683
DU
Example: RESIDENTIAL Landuse
1
3
5
4
42
LongHuXiJuan Car Entry/Exit Ped Entry/Exit
Also conduct an O&D interview
These areas all need to be counted.
6 locations. 6 people.
Variables We Need to Know:
1
3
5 2
how many cars total (count at night, garage, and street at say, 2 am)
population parking spaces shopping internal? other amenities
internal? Knowing these
variables lets us refine our TG information, and even determine parking needs, etc.
1683
DU
Count Location Photos
1
3
54
42
COUNT PEDESTRIANS AND CARS THAT GO IN AND OUT OF THESE AUTO AND PED GATES, FOR 3 HOURS
Count Location Photos
3
254
4
1
COUNT PEDESTRIANS THAT GO UP AND DOWN THESE STAIRS INTO LONGHUXIJUAN, FOR 3 HOURS
Count Location Photos
3
1
54
42
COUNT PEDESTRIANS AND CARS THAT GO IN AND OUT OF THESE AUTO AND PED GATES, FOR 3 HOURS
Count Location Photos
3
54
42
1
COUNT PEDESTRIANS THAT GO TO AND FROM THIS SIDEWALK, FROM LONGHUXIJUAN
Count Location Photos
3
1
54
42
COUNT PEDESTRIANS THAT GO IN AND OUT OF THESE GATES FOR 3 HOURS (and how many just go “through”)
Taking the Count: Location 1
3
1
54
42
COUNT PEDESTRIANS AND CARS FOR ALL 6 MOVEMENTS ON DIAGRAM, FOR 3 HRS.Peak
hour: 5:15 pm-6:15 pm
What We Get From Count: We get the total PEDESTRIAN Traffic
that travels outside of the control area, and “impacts” the street network and sidewalks
It is unknown how much of this traffic visits the local shops and restaurants, but likely is a high source.
We get the total AUTO Traffic that travels outside of the control area, and “impacts” the street network.
What we don’t know is how many LongHuXiJuan residents who own cars, also park their cars on the local street instead of the internal garage. The streets are filled with parked cars at night. It is likely that our “true” AUTO trip generation rate is LOW in light of this.
Peds & Cars
COUNT RESULTS: Location 2
Peak hour
is 5:15-6:15 pm
COUNT RESULTS: Location 4
Peak hour is 5:00-6:00 pm
COUNT RESULTS: Location 5
Peak hour is 5:15-6:15 pm
Comparing New with the Old
PED
AUTO
MeiDi was higher, so we used it
MeiDi was lower, so we did not use it
LongHuXiJuan was similar, so we used it
LongHuXiJuan was similar, so we used it
Pedestrian Trip Generation Rates
Automobile Trip Generation Rates