TRIBAL CULTURE AND ITS LINKAGE

WITH FOREST RESOURCES

PRE-INDEPENDENCE

FEATURESBefore independence, tribals had a history of common ownership of land, forest resources and the produce.

Slowly, non-tribals started to settle on tribals land, and when British rule made land a saleable property vast amount of land was passed into non-tribal hands.

TRIBALS v/s

DEVELOPMENTAfter independence numerous

measures were taken to ensure tribal development.

The customary rights of the tribals over resources were to be honored.

Tribal interests and welfare often was at loggerheads with imperatives of national development.

Development was seen as a important tool to bring tribals into societal mainstream.

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES

OF DEVELOPMENTDepletion of forest resources.

Often tribals become minorities in their own traditional living areas.

Employment opportunities are denied to them.

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEVELOPMENT

The benefits of large scale expansion of industries and infrastructure, never reaches these tribals .

This has contributed to rise of Naxalite movements .

The above policies have also led to environmental destruction.

GENERAL PERSPECTIVES ON

DEVELOPMENTEarlier , Tribals were themselves

seen as hindrance to development.Their traditional socio-economic

and cultural systems blamed.

GENERAL PERSPECTIVES ON

DEVELOPMENTDevelopment without or at minimal cost to ecology and environment.

Tribes are now seen as ‘alternate’ in which a solution lies.

Tribals represented as backward, ignorant, superstitious.

THE PRESENT SCENARIO

India is not the only country where mining and industrialization in tribal areas is linked with retarded economic performance.

Naxalites have attacked both private companies and government institutions.

Blame on institutional weakness and political economy.

People embrace Naxalism due to present model of development.

Crisis of political empowerment.

FOREST RIGHTS ACT (2006)

Any corresponding law for mineral and rights over other kind of resources yet to be formulated.

They see it as a “Land Redistribution Exercise”.

It will provide a legal right for communities themselves to protect the forest.

The law concerns the rights of forest dwelling communities to land and other resources, denied to them over decades as a result of the continuance of colonial forest laws in India.

CONCLUSIONWe should respect the tribal people.We should provide them all the

facilities that a democratic citizen has. We should not put them in confine.We should allow them to use all the

natural resources.

THANK YOU

MADE BY BISHWEASHWAR SUKLA CLASS :- X-B ROLL NO. :-07