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9803mo01, 1 T rial of R outine AN gioplasty and S tenting after F ibrinolysis to E nhance R eperfusion in A cute M yocardial I nfarction The TRANSFER-AMI trial Warren J. Cantor, David Fitchett, Bjug Borgundvaag, Michael Heffernan, Eric A. Cohen, Laurie J. Morrison, John Ducas, Anatoly Langer, Shamir Mehta, Charles Lazzam, Brian Schwartz, Vladimir Dzavik, Amparo Casanova, Paramjit Singh, Shaun G. Goodman

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Page 1: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 1

Trial of Routine ANgioplasty and Stenting after Fibrinolysis to Enhance Reperfusion in Acute

Myocardial Infarction

The TRANSFER-AMI trial

Warren J. Cantor, David Fitchett, Bjug Borgundvaag, Michael Heffernan, Eric A. Cohen, Laurie J. Morrison, John Ducas,

Anatoly Langer, Shamir Mehta, Charles Lazzam, Brian Schwartz, Vladimir Dzavik, Amparo Casanova, Paramjit Singh,

Shaun G. Goodman

on behalf of the TRANSFER-AMI Investigators

Trial of Routine ANgioplasty and Stenting after Fibrinolysis to Enhance Reperfusion in Acute

Myocardial Infarction

The TRANSFER-AMI trial

Warren J. Cantor, David Fitchett, Bjug Borgundvaag, Michael Heffernan, Eric A. Cohen, Laurie J. Morrison, John Ducas,

Anatoly Langer, Shamir Mehta, Charles Lazzam, Brian Schwartz, Vladimir Dzavik, Amparo Casanova, Paramjit Singh,

Shaun G. Goodman

on behalf of the TRANSFER-AMI Investigators

Page 2: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 2

Trial SponsorsTrial SponsorsCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

Hoffman La Roche, Canada

Stents provided by Abbott Vascular Canada

Consulting Fees & Speakers Honoraria received by Hoffman La Roche

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

Hoffman La Roche, Canada

Stents provided by Abbott Vascular Canada

Consulting Fees & Speakers Honoraria received by Hoffman La Roche

DisclosuresDisclosures

Page 3: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 3

BackgroundBackgroundTreatment delays can reduce or eliminate the benefits of primary PCI

STEMI pts presenting to non-PCI centres often cannot undergo primary PCI in timely manner, and therefore receive fibrinolysis

The role and optimal timing of routine early PCI after fibrinolysis has not been established

Early studies in the pre-stent era failed to show a benefit of early PCI after fibrinolysis, possible harm

More recent studies in stent-era more positive but include only modest number of patients

Treatment delays can reduce or eliminate the benefits of primary PCI

STEMI pts presenting to non-PCI centres often cannot undergo primary PCI in timely manner, and therefore receive fibrinolysis

The role and optimal timing of routine early PCI after fibrinolysis has not been established

Early studies in the pre-stent era failed to show a benefit of early PCI after fibrinolysis, possible harm

More recent studies in stent-era more positive but include only modest number of patients

Page 4: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 4

ObjectiveObjective

Determine the efficacy and safety of routine early PCI within 6 hours of fibrinolysis (pharmacoinvasive strategy) using contemporary PCI techniques and pharmacotherapy

Higher Risk STEMI Patients

Non-PCI centres where timely primary PCI not an option, and fibrinolysis is the optimal initial reperfusion therapy

Determine the efficacy and safety of routine early PCI within 6 hours of fibrinolysis (pharmacoinvasive strategy) using contemporary PCI techniques and pharmacotherapy

Higher Risk STEMI Patients

Non-PCI centres where timely primary PCI not an option, and fibrinolysis is the optimal initial reperfusion therapy

Page 5: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 5

PCI CentrePCI CentreCath LabCath Lab

CommunityCommunityHospitalHospitalEmergencyEmergencyDepartmentDepartment

Cath / PCI within 6 hrs Cath / PCI within 6 hrs regardless of regardless of

reperfusion statusreperfusion status

Cath and Rescue Cath and Rescue PCI PCI GP IIb/IIIa GP IIb/IIIa

InhibitorInhibitor

TNK + ASA + Heparin or Enoxaparin + ClopidogrelTNK + ASA + Heparin or Enoxaparin + Clopidogrel

PharmacoinvasivePharmacoinvasiveStrategyStrategy

UrgentUrgent Transfer to PCI Centre Transfer to PCI CentreAssess chest pain, STAssess chest pain, ST resolution resolution

at 60-90 minutes after randomizationat 60-90 minutes after randomization

High Risk ST Elevation MI within 12 hours of symptom onset High Risk ST Elevation MI within 12 hours of symptom onset

Failed Reperfusion**Failed Reperfusion** Successful ReperfusionSuccessful Reperfusion

Elective Cath Elective Cath PCIPCI

> 24 hrs later> 24 hrs later

Standard TreatmentStandard Treatment

** ST segment resolution < 50% & persistent chest pain, or hemodynamic instability** ST segment resolution < 50% & persistent chest pain, or hemodynamic instability

Repatriation of stable patients within 24 hrs of PCIRepatriation of stable patients within 24 hrs of PCI

Randomization*Randomization*

Page 6: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 6

Inclusion CriteriaInclusion Criteria

Within 12 hrs of symptom onset

≥ 2 mm ST-segment elevation in 2 anterior leads

OR

≥ 1 mm ST-segment elevation in 2 inferior leads and at least one of the following high-risk criteria:

SBP < 100 HR > 100 Killip Class II-III ≥ 2mm ST-segment depression in anterior leads ≥ 1 mm ST-segment elevation in V4R

Within 12 hrs of symptom onset

≥ 2 mm ST-segment elevation in 2 anterior leads

OR

≥ 1 mm ST-segment elevation in 2 inferior leads and at least one of the following high-risk criteria:

SBP < 100 HR > 100 Killip Class II-III ≥ 2mm ST-segment depression in anterior leads ≥ 1 mm ST-segment elevation in V4R

Page 7: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 7

Selected Exclusion CriteriaSelected Exclusion Criteria

Cardiogenic Shock prior to randomization

Primary PCI available within 60 minutes

Consent not obtained within 30 minutes of TNK

PCI within 1 month

Previous CABG

Use of Enoxaparin in last 12 hours in patient > 75 years of age

Cardiogenic Shock prior to randomization

Primary PCI available within 60 minutes

Consent not obtained within 30 minutes of TNK

PCI within 1 month

Previous CABG

Use of Enoxaparin in last 12 hours in patient > 75 years of age

Page 8: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 8

Medical Therapy for All PatientsMedical Therapy for All Patients

TNK

Heparin 60 U/kg bolus (max 4000 U) 12 U/Kg/hr infusion (max 1000 U/hr)

Enoxaparin in pts ≤ 75 yrs of age 30 mg IV bolus 1 mg/kg sc injection (max 100 mg) 15 minutes later

ASA 160-325 mg

Clopidogrel 300mg bolus (75 mg if > 75 years of age)

All other meds as per ACC/AHA STEMI guidelines

TNK

Heparin 60 U/kg bolus (max 4000 U) 12 U/Kg/hr infusion (max 1000 U/hr)

Enoxaparin in pts ≤ 75 yrs of age 30 mg IV bolus 1 mg/kg sc injection (max 100 mg) 15 minutes later

ASA 160-325 mg

Clopidogrel 300mg bolus (75 mg if > 75 years of age)

All other meds as per ACC/AHA STEMI guidelines

Page 9: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 9

PCI for Pharmacoinvasive GroupPCI for Pharmacoinvasive Group

PCI of culprit lesion at time of cath if ≥ 70% stenosis or 50-70% stenosis with high-risk features (thrombus, ulceration, spontaneous dissection) regardless of coronary flow

Stents used whenever technically possible, use of Abbott vascular stents (ML Vision, Mini Vision) encouraged

GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors left to operator’s discretion

PCI of culprit lesion at time of cath if ≥ 70% stenosis or 50-70% stenosis with high-risk features (thrombus, ulceration, spontaneous dissection) regardless of coronary flow

Stents used whenever technically possible, use of Abbott vascular stents (ML Vision, Mini Vision) encouraged

GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors left to operator’s discretion

Page 10: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 10

EndpointsEndpoints

1o Efficacy Endpoint: 30-day composite of Death, Reinfarction, Recurrent Ischemia, CHF, shock *

2o Efficacy Endpoints: Death / Reinfarction at 6 months and 1 Year

Safety Endpoints: Bleeding (GUSTO Severe, TIMI Major)

Endpoints adjudicated by a clinical events committee blinded to treatment group

1o Efficacy Endpoint: 30-day composite of Death, Reinfarction, Recurrent Ischemia, CHF, shock *

2o Efficacy Endpoints: Death / Reinfarction at 6 months and 1 Year

Safety Endpoints: Bleeding (GUSTO Severe, TIMI Major)

Endpoints adjudicated by a clinical events committee blinded to treatment group

* Endpoint definitions – Cantor WJ, Am Heart J 2008; 155: 19-25* Endpoint definitions – Cantor WJ, Am Heart J 2008; 155: 19-25

Page 11: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 11

Sample Size EstimationSample Size Estimation

Estimated primary endpoint event rate of 21% with Standard Treatment based on analysis of STEMI trial database at DCRI

Anticipated 5% loss to follow-up

Required 1,158 patients to demonstrate 30% reduction in event rate with Pharmacoinvasive Strategy with 80% Power*

Nov 13/07- Based on enrollment challenges, lack of additional funding and lower loss to follow-up, Steering Committee decided to complete enrollment Dec 31/07 → 1059 patients

Estimated primary endpoint event rate of 21% with Standard Treatment based on analysis of STEMI trial database at DCRI

Anticipated 5% loss to follow-up

Required 1,158 patients to demonstrate 30% reduction in event rate with Pharmacoinvasive Strategy with 80% Power*

Nov 13/07- Based on enrollment challenges, lack of additional funding and lower loss to follow-up, Steering Committee decided to complete enrollment Dec 31/07 → 1059 patients

* Cantor WJ, Am Heart J 2008; 155: 19-25* Cantor WJ, Am Heart J 2008; 155: 19-25

Page 12: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 12

March 25, 2008: March 25, 2008: 10301030 Patients with Patients with query-free baseline characteristics query-free baseline characteristics

Jul 2004 – Dec 2007: Jul 2004 – Dec 2007: 10591059 Patients Enrolled Patients Enrolledin 3 Provinces in 3 Provinces

(42 Enrolling Centres, 11 PCI Centres)(42 Enrolling Centres, 11 PCI Centres)

10101010 Patients with complete and Patients with complete and fully adjudicated data and 30-day fully adjudicated data and 30-day

status knownstatus known

Page 13: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 13

Baseline CharacteristicsBaseline Characteristics

Age (years)Age (years)

Age > 75 (%)Age > 75 (%)

Sex (% female)Sex (% female)

Medical History (%)Medical History (%)

Prior AnginaPrior Angina

Prior MIPrior MI

Prior PCIPrior PCI

Prior Stroke/TIA *Prior Stroke/TIA *

HypertensionHypertension

HyperlipidemiaHyperlipidemia

Current smokerCurrent smoker

DiabetesDiabetes

Standard Standard

TreatmentTreatment(n=508)(n=508)

56 (49, 66)56 (49, 66)

1010

2020

1111

1010

44

11

3434

2929

4242

1515

PharmacoinvasivePharmacoinvasive

StrategyStrategy(n=522)(n=522)

57 (51, 66)57 (51, 66)

99

2121

1212

1111

66

33

3333

2727

4444

1515

* p< 0.05* p< 0.05

Page 14: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 14

Presenting CharacteristicsPresenting Characteristics

Weight (kg)Weight (kg)

Heart rate (beats/min)Heart rate (beats/min)

Systolic BP (mm Hg)Systolic BP (mm Hg)

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

Killip ClassKillip Class

II

IIII

IIIIII

Anterior ST-elevationAnterior ST-elevation

Inferior ST-elevationInferior ST-elevation

Symptom Onset to TNK (hrs)Symptom Onset to TNK (hrs)

Standard Standard

TreatmentTreatment

(n=508)(n=508)

80 (70, 91)80 (70, 91)

77 (66, 90)77 (66, 90)

145 (130, 160)145 (130, 160)

84 (74, 95)84 (74, 95)

9191

77

11

5252

4747

2 (1, 3)2 (1, 3)

PharmacoinvasivePharmacoinvasive

StrategyStrategy

(n=522)(n=522)

80 (70, 91)80 (70, 91)

74 (63, 88)74 (63, 88)

146 (130, 165)146 (130, 165)

84 (73, 95)84 (73, 95)

9292

77

11

5656

4444

2 (1, 3)2 (1, 3)

Page 15: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 15

ProceduresProcedures

Cardiac Cath performed (%)Cardiac Cath performed (%)

Time- TNK to Cath (hrs)Time- TNK to Cath (hrs)

PCI performed (%)PCI performed (%)

Stent used (% of PCI cases)Stent used (% of PCI cases)

Time- TNK to PCI (hrs)Time- TNK to PCI (hrs)

PCI within 6 hrs of TNK (% PCI)PCI within 6 hrs of TNK (% PCI)

PCI within 12 hrs of TNK (% PCI)PCI within 12 hrs of TNK (% PCI)

GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use (%)GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use (%)

CABG performed (%)CABG performed (%)

Standard Standard

TreatmentTreatment

(n=508)(n=508)

8282

27 (4, 69)27 (4, 69)

6262

9898

18 (4, 73)18 (4, 73)

3838

4747

5353

88

PharmacoinvasivePharmacoinvasive

StrategyStrategy

(n=522)(n=522)

9797

3 (2, 4)3 (2, 4)

8484

9898

4 (3, 5)4 (3, 5)

8989

9797

7373

66

Page 16: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 16

Selected Medications UsedSelected Medications Used

ASA 1ASA 1stst 6 hrs 6 hrs

Clopidogrel 1Clopidogrel 1stst 6 hrs * 6 hrs *

HeparinHeparin

EnoxaparinEnoxaparin

Beta Blocker 1Beta Blocker 1stst 6 hrs 6 hrs

ASA ASA at dischargeat discharge

Clopidogrel Clopidogrel at dischargeat discharge

Warfarin Warfarin at dischargeat discharge

Beta Blocker Beta Blocker at dischargeat discharge

ACE Inhibitor or ARB ACE Inhibitor or ARB at dischargeat discharge

Lipid Lowering Lipid Lowering at dischargeat discharge

Standard Standard

TreatmentTreatment

(n=508)(n=508)

9797

6969

5757

5555

6161

8585

7373

88

7979

7575

8484

PharmacoinvasivePharmacoinvasive

StrategyStrategy

(n=522)(n=522)

9898

8787

5757

5151

5555

8585

7979

1010

8181

7474

8484* p< 0.05* p< 0.05

Page 17: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 17

00

22

44

66

88

1010

1212

1414

1616

1818

00 55 1010 1515 2020 2525 3030

10.610.6

16.616.6

Days from RandomizationDays from Randomization

% of Patients% of Patients

Standard (n=496)Standard (n=496)Pharmacoinvasive (n=508)Pharmacoinvasive (n=508)

n=496n=496n=508n=508

422422468468

415415466466

415415463463

414414461461

414414460460

412412457457

Primary Endpoint: 30-Day Death, re-MI, Primary Endpoint: 30-Day Death, re-MI,

CHF, Severe Recurrent Ischemia, ShockCHF, Severe Recurrent Ischemia, Shock

OR=0.537 (0.368, 0.783); p=0.0013

Page 18: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 18

Components of Primary EndpointComponents of Primary Endpoint

DeathDeath

ReinfarctionReinfarction

Recurrent IschemiaRecurrent Ischemia

New or worsening CHFNew or worsening CHF

Cardiogenic ShockCardiogenic Shock

Death/MI/IschemiaDeath/MI/Ischemia

Standard Standard

TreatmentTreatment

(n=498)(n=498)

3.63.6

6.06.0

2.22.2

5.25.2

2.62.6

11.711.7

PharmacoinvasivePharmacoinvasive

StrategyStrategy

(n=512)(n=512)

3.73.7

3.33.3

0.20.2

2.92.9

4.5 4.5

6.56.5

P-ValueP-Value

0.940.94

0.0440.044

0.0190.019

0.0690.069

0.110.11

0.0040.004

Page 19: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 19

Safety Endpoints - BleedingSafety Endpoints - Bleeding

Intracranial hemorrhageIntracranial hemorrhage

TIMI scaleTIMI scale

MajorMajor

Major (non-CABG-related)Major (non-CABG-related)

GUSTO scaleGUSTO scale

SevereSevere

Severe (non-CABG-related)Severe (non-CABG-related)

TransfusionsTransfusions

Standard Standard

TreatmentTreatment

(n=498)(n=498)1.21.2

4.64.6

3.23.2

1.41.4

1.21.2

5.55.5

PharmacoinvasivePharmacoinvasive

StrategyStrategy

(n=512)(n=512)0.20.2

4.34.3

2.22.2

0.60.6

0.60.6

7.17.1

P-ValueP-Value

0.0660.066

0.880.88

0.330.33

0.220.22

0.340.34

0.310.31

Page 20: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 20

ConclusionsConclusions

For high-risk STEMI patients receiving fibrinolysis at non-PCI centres, urgent transfer and PCI within 6 hours is associated with a 6% absolute (and 46% relative) reduction in ischemic complications at 30-days and no excess in major bleeding complications, compared with standard treatment

Transfers to PCI centres should be initiated immediately after fibrinolysis without waiting to see whether reperfusion is successful

Regional systems should be developed to ensure timely transfers of STEMI patients to PCI centres

For high-risk STEMI patients receiving fibrinolysis at non-PCI centres, urgent transfer and PCI within 6 hours is associated with a 6% absolute (and 46% relative) reduction in ischemic complications at 30-days and no excess in major bleeding complications, compared with standard treatment

Transfers to PCI centres should be initiated immediately after fibrinolysis without waiting to see whether reperfusion is successful

Regional systems should be developed to ensure timely transfers of STEMI patients to PCI centres

Page 21: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 21

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Coordinating Centre: Canadian Heart Research Centre (CHRC)

Data Safety Monitoring Committee: Magnus Ohman (Chair), Peter Berger, Chris Buller,

Karen Pieper

Steering Committee: Warren Cantor (Principal Investigator), David Fitchett,

Anatoly Langer, Bjug Borgundvaag, Michael Heffernan, John Ducas, Eric Cohen, Vladimir Dzavik, Shamir Mehta, Charles Lazzam, Laurie Morrison, Brian Schwartz, Shaun Goodman (Study Chair)

Coordinating Centre: Canadian Heart Research Centre (CHRC)

Data Safety Monitoring Committee: Magnus Ohman (Chair), Peter Berger, Chris Buller,

Karen Pieper

Steering Committee: Warren Cantor (Principal Investigator), David Fitchett,

Anatoly Langer, Bjug Borgundvaag, Michael Heffernan, John Ducas, Eric Cohen, Vladimir Dzavik, Shamir Mehta, Charles Lazzam, Laurie Morrison, Brian Schwartz, Shaun Goodman (Study Chair)

Page 22: Trial Sponsors

9803mo01, 22

Participating SitesParticipating Sites

PCI SitesPCI SitesSt Michael’s: S Goodman, B Zile; Trillium: C Lazzam, A Carter; Sunnybrook: E Cohen, L Balleza, St Michael’s: S Goodman, B Zile; Trillium: C Lazzam, A Carter; Sunnybrook: E Cohen, L Balleza, E Hsu; Saint Boniface: J Ducas, S Aceves, A Muno; Toronto General: V Dzavik, A Patel; Southlake: E Hsu; Saint Boniface: J Ducas, S Aceves, A Muno; Toronto General: V Dzavik, A Patel; Southlake: S Miner, K Robbins; S Miner, K Robbins; Rouge Valley Centenary: S Kassam, B Hart, B Bozak; Rouge Valley Centenary: S Kassam, B Hart, B Bozak; St. Mary’s: HH Kim, I St. Mary’s: HH Kim, I Janzen; Hamilton: S R Mehta, S Brons; London: K Sridhar, T Oke; Janzen; Hamilton: S R Mehta, S Brons; London: K Sridhar, T Oke; Hôpital du Sacré- Coeur: E : E Schampaert, C MercureSchampaert, C Mercure.

Referring SitesReferring SitesCredit Valley: P Pageau, R Durdos; St. Joseph's: R Choi, C Vardy; North York: B Lubelsky, J Credit Valley: P Pageau, R Durdos; St. Joseph's: R Choi, C Vardy; North York: B Lubelsky, J Coldwell; Ajax: J Burstein, C Harrison, T Eyman; Scarborough General: J Cherry, B Ross; Royal Coldwell; Ajax: J Burstein, C Harrison, T Eyman; Scarborough General: J Cherry, B Ross; Royal Victoria: B Burke, S Snow; Scarborough Grace: W Ho Ping Kong, D Hutton; William Osler: A Lee, M Victoria: B Burke, S Snow; Scarborough Grace: W Ho Ping Kong, D Hutton; William Osler: A Lee, M Coons, J Nigro; Lakeridge Oshawa: R Bhargava, J Easton; Oakville: M Heffernan, R Franks; St. Coons, J Nigro; Lakeridge Oshawa: R Bhargava, J Easton; Oakville: M Heffernan, R Franks; St. Catherines : S Pallie, S Krekorian; Toronto East General: C Lefkowitz, E Klakowitz; Grace General: Catherines : S Pallie, S Krekorian; Toronto East General: C Lefkowitz, E Klakowitz; Grace General: J Ducas, A Munoz, SL Aceves; Sarnia: N Ali, L Robichaud; Winnipeg HSC: W Palatnick; Seven J Ducas, A Munoz, SL Aceves; Sarnia: N Ali, L Robichaud; Winnipeg HSC: W Palatnick; Seven Oaks: R de Faria; Victoria General: J Ducas; Ross Memorial Hosp: N Krishnan, C McBride; Norfolk Oaks: R de Faria; Victoria General: J Ducas; Ross Memorial Hosp: N Krishnan, C McBride; Norfolk General: D Kennedy, M Robinson; Huntsville: M Mensour, S Tumber; Mt Sinai Hosp: B General: D Kennedy, M Robinson; Huntsville: M Mensour, S Tumber; Mt Sinai Hosp: B Borgundvaag, M Loftus; Stratford: M Mann, Y Balmain; Peterborough: N K Greene, N Turney; West Borgundvaag, M Loftus; Stratford: M Mann, Y Balmain; Peterborough: N K Greene, N Turney; West Haldimand: S Chiu, K Marshall; Owen Sound: G Kumar, M Peart; Stevenson Memorial: J Hirst, L Haldimand: S Chiu, K Marshall; Owen Sound: G Kumar, M Peart; Stevenson Memorial: J Hirst, L Johnston; Selkirk General: G Manca; Concordia General: G Torossi, A Munox, S Aceves; Grand Johnston; Selkirk General: G Manca; Concordia General: G Torossi, A Munox, S Aceves; Grand River: R Fowlis, I Janzen; South Muskoka: A Shearing, D Lorbetsky; York Central: E Gangbar; River: R Fowlis, I Janzen; South Muskoka: A Shearing, D Lorbetsky; York Central: E Gangbar; Greater Niagara: G Zimakas, D Zaniol; Headwaters: J McKinnon, L Miller; CSSS d'Antoine-Labelle-Greater Niagara: G Zimakas, D Zaniol; Headwaters: J McKinnon, L Miller; CSSS d'Antoine-Labelle-Mt Laurier: E Belley, J VincentMt Laurier: E Belley, J Vincent

PCI SitesPCI SitesSt Michael’s: S Goodman, B Zile; Trillium: C Lazzam, A Carter; Sunnybrook: E Cohen, L Balleza, St Michael’s: S Goodman, B Zile; Trillium: C Lazzam, A Carter; Sunnybrook: E Cohen, L Balleza, E Hsu; Saint Boniface: J Ducas, S Aceves, A Muno; Toronto General: V Dzavik, A Patel; Southlake: E Hsu; Saint Boniface: J Ducas, S Aceves, A Muno; Toronto General: V Dzavik, A Patel; Southlake: S Miner, K Robbins; S Miner, K Robbins; Rouge Valley Centenary: S Kassam, B Hart, B Bozak; Rouge Valley Centenary: S Kassam, B Hart, B Bozak; St. Mary’s: HH Kim, I St. Mary’s: HH Kim, I Janzen; Hamilton: S R Mehta, S Brons; London: K Sridhar, T Oke; Janzen; Hamilton: S R Mehta, S Brons; London: K Sridhar, T Oke; Hôpital du Sacré- Coeur: E : E Schampaert, C MercureSchampaert, C Mercure.

Referring SitesReferring SitesCredit Valley: P Pageau, R Durdos; St. Joseph's: R Choi, C Vardy; North York: B Lubelsky, J Credit Valley: P Pageau, R Durdos; St. Joseph's: R Choi, C Vardy; North York: B Lubelsky, J Coldwell; Ajax: J Burstein, C Harrison, T Eyman; Scarborough General: J Cherry, B Ross; Royal Coldwell; Ajax: J Burstein, C Harrison, T Eyman; Scarborough General: J Cherry, B Ross; Royal Victoria: B Burke, S Snow; Scarborough Grace: W Ho Ping Kong, D Hutton; William Osler: A Lee, M Victoria: B Burke, S Snow; Scarborough Grace: W Ho Ping Kong, D Hutton; William Osler: A Lee, M Coons, J Nigro; Lakeridge Oshawa: R Bhargava, J Easton; Oakville: M Heffernan, R Franks; St. Coons, J Nigro; Lakeridge Oshawa: R Bhargava, J Easton; Oakville: M Heffernan, R Franks; St. Catherines : S Pallie, S Krekorian; Toronto East General: C Lefkowitz, E Klakowitz; Grace General: Catherines : S Pallie, S Krekorian; Toronto East General: C Lefkowitz, E Klakowitz; Grace General: J Ducas, A Munoz, SL Aceves; Sarnia: N Ali, L Robichaud; Winnipeg HSC: W Palatnick; Seven J Ducas, A Munoz, SL Aceves; Sarnia: N Ali, L Robichaud; Winnipeg HSC: W Palatnick; Seven Oaks: R de Faria; Victoria General: J Ducas; Ross Memorial Hosp: N Krishnan, C McBride; Norfolk Oaks: R de Faria; Victoria General: J Ducas; Ross Memorial Hosp: N Krishnan, C McBride; Norfolk General: D Kennedy, M Robinson; Huntsville: M Mensour, S Tumber; Mt Sinai Hosp: B General: D Kennedy, M Robinson; Huntsville: M Mensour, S Tumber; Mt Sinai Hosp: B Borgundvaag, M Loftus; Stratford: M Mann, Y Balmain; Peterborough: N K Greene, N Turney; West Borgundvaag, M Loftus; Stratford: M Mann, Y Balmain; Peterborough: N K Greene, N Turney; West Haldimand: S Chiu, K Marshall; Owen Sound: G Kumar, M Peart; Stevenson Memorial: J Hirst, L Haldimand: S Chiu, K Marshall; Owen Sound: G Kumar, M Peart; Stevenson Memorial: J Hirst, L Johnston; Selkirk General: G Manca; Concordia General: G Torossi, A Munox, S Aceves; Grand Johnston; Selkirk General: G Manca; Concordia General: G Torossi, A Munox, S Aceves; Grand River: R Fowlis, I Janzen; South Muskoka: A Shearing, D Lorbetsky; York Central: E Gangbar; River: R Fowlis, I Janzen; South Muskoka: A Shearing, D Lorbetsky; York Central: E Gangbar; Greater Niagara: G Zimakas, D Zaniol; Headwaters: J McKinnon, L Miller; CSSS d'Antoine-Labelle-Greater Niagara: G Zimakas, D Zaniol; Headwaters: J McKinnon, L Miller; CSSS d'Antoine-Labelle-Mt Laurier: E Belley, J VincentMt Laurier: E Belley, J Vincent