trench rescue awareness training course

Welcome to Michigan’s Region 2 Trench Rescue Awareness Training Program.

This program meets and exceeds the NFPA Awareness requirements.

At the conclusion of this program, you will be able to do the following:

1. Identify the need for trench rescue. 2. Identify the resources needed for trench rescue.3. Activate a rescue response system.4. Control the site and manage the scene.

5. Identify and mitigate hazards.6. Identify causes of collapse and common collapse patterns.7. Assist with a non-entry rescue.

TRENCH RESCUE TRENCH RESCUE AWARENESSAWARENESS

Over the past decade, trench rescue has proven to be the most common technical rescue in Michigan’s Region 2. One of the reasons, for this, is the increase in the underground construction activity. Michigan’s “Miss Dig” system has the largest volume of any one-call center in the United States. During the summer months, “Miss Dig” receives an average of over 4,200 requests per day.

As the underground utility infrastructure ages, more and more repairs are required. Additionally, every new home or business requires underground construction and utilities. The combination of these factors has created a high frequency of people working below grade and a high risk for trench rescues. As a result, the need for trench rescue exists in virtually every community in Michigan.

1.1. Identify the Need for Identify the Need for Trench Trench RescueRescue

Trenches dug for new construction connect new structures to existingutilities. They commonly have a long and narrow appearance like the trench in this picture.

New ConstructionNew Construction

RepairsRepairs

Trenches dug to repair broken utilities are often as wide as they are long.

The aging utility infrastructure and the new construction in Region 2 create a high frequency of underground construction work.

Failure to comply with safety standards has required mutiple trench rescue operations.

DefinitionsDefinitions

Excavation

Trench

Floor

Wall

Lip

Spoil Pile

Awareness level responders should be able to define the following:

Straight Run Trench

Intersecting Trench

Supplemental Shoring

Severe Environmental Condition

Bell Bottom Pier Hole

Soil

Excavation: Any man-made cavity or depression in the earth’s surface (including its walls, floor and lip) formed by earth removal. For rescue purposes an excavation is wider than it is deep.

Excavation

DefinitioDefinitionsns

Trench: A narrow excavation which is deeper than it is wide, with a maximum width of fifteen (15) feet, measured at the floor (bottom).

Trench

DefinitioDefinitionsns

Floor

Floor: The bottom of a trench or excavation.


FloorFloor

Wall

Wall: The vertical or inclined earth surface formed as a result of excavation work.


Lip

Lip: The ground level area around (360 degrees) a trench or excavation.


Spoil Pile

Spoil Pile: Soil excavated (removed) from the trench, commonly found on the trench lip.


Straight Run Trench: A trench which does not cross or meet another trench.


Intersecting Trench: A trench which meets or crosses another trench. Usually takes an L-shape, T-shape or X-shape.


Supplemental Shoring- Supplemental sheeting and shoring includes operations that involve the placement of additional sheeting/shoring whenever digging exposes more than 2 feet of wall below the bottom of the initial strong-back.


Severe Environmental Conditions - Severe environmental conditions include operations involving frozen soil, running soil (e.g., gravel, sand, liquid), severe weather (e.g., heavy rain, wind, or flooding), or night (dark) operations.


Bell Bottom Pier Hole - A tubular shaft with a wider bell shaped cross-section at it’s base for support. Created for foundations and footer construction.


Soil - A thin layer of material on the earth’s surface. It is made up of many things such as weathered rock, decayed plants and animal matter. Weathered rock takes the form (particulate) of sand silt or clay. Most soil is a combination of sand, silt and clay.


Running Soil - Any free-running type of soil, such as sand or gravel, whose strength depends on friction between particles. Unsupported running soil will not hold a vertical wall cut.


Saturated Soil - Soil which has water seeping through the walls. Typically a result of a broken water main but could result from a high water table and very rainy conditions.


Compact Soil- Soil that sticks together long enough to hold a vertical wall. Most trench cave-ins occur in soil that is compact.


TYPES OF TRENCH TYPES OF TRENCH RESCUESRESCUES

Cave In:Cave In: Workers unable to escape due to:

Dirt from spoil pile slides or wall collapse

Bedding material (sand/stone) dumped into the trench

Dirt resulting from spoil pile slide or wall collapse

Non-Cave In:Non-Cave In: Workers unable to escape due to:

Medical problem

Pipe rolled into the trench

Failure of improperly installed shoring

Heavy equipment rolled or fell into trench

Boulder dislodged and fell into the trench

2.2. Identify the Resources Identify the Resources

Identifying the resources necessary to conduct safe and effective trench and excavation emergency operations.

It is not unusual to read about a trench rescue where a hundred firefighters took ten hours to remove a victim from a trench. People trained and equipped for firefighting operations are not the resources that are needed to perform a trench rescue. In the fire service, “If we don’t what to do…we will keep sending more of what we have.” Ron Zawlocki, Battalion Chief (Retired), City Of Pontiac, MI

2.2. Identify the Resources Identify the Resources Needed to Perform a Trench Needed to Perform a Trench

RescueRescueSo what resources do we need at a trench rescue?

1. A trench rescue team trained and equipped at the “technician level”. A response of twenty-five to thirty trench rescue technicians will provide enough personnel with a tactical reserve to handle the vast majority of trench incidents.

2. Services and equipment resources that support the trench rescue team. We have divided these into a two tied response plan. Tier One resources should be dispatched on all trench rescue calls. Tier Two services are requested by the incident commander based upon the scope and magnitude of the incident.

Tier One ServicesTier One Services

Trench Rescue Team

Rescue Medical Specialists

Police

Emergency Utility Control

Heavy Equipment Operators

Vactor Truck

Trench Rescue Trench Rescue TeamsTeams

Operations Level Trench Rescue Personnel are limited to the following:

• Hazard recognition and mitigation

• Basic equipment use

• Initial trench depth of 8 feet or less

• Non-intersecting trenches

• No severe environmental conditions

• Extrications that do not involve supplemental shoring

• Cave in potentials can be resolved by traditional sheeting and shoring

Trench Rescue Trench Rescue TeamsTeamsTechnician Level personnel should be trained and equipped to handle:

• Intersecting Trenches

• Deep Trenches (up to 20’ deep)

• Excavation Shoring

• Isolation Devices

• Severe environmental conditions

• Extrications that involve supplemental shoring

• Cave in potentials that can not be resolved by methods other than traditional sheeting and shoring

The following Michigan OSHA laws are used as safety guidelines during “rescue operations” and are followed as legal regulations during recoveries.

Part 9: Excavation, Trenching, Shoring

Part 90: Confined Space Entry

Part 74: Fire Fighting

MI-OSHA MI-OSHA RulesRules

Rescue Rescue MedicsMedics

Physicians and Paramedics serving as Rescue Medics must be trained to at least the trench rescue operations level.

Rescue Medics (include USAR Medics and Physician Rescue Teams). Rescue Medics must train with and be active members of the Trench Rescue Team.

Heavy Equipment Heavy Equipment OperatorsOperators

Heavy equipment operators who are trained in trench rescue are valuable resources at a trench incident. These operators must be active members of the trench rescue team. In Region 2, Operators come from Local 324 and are members of

MI-TF1.

PolicePolice

Local police are a Tier-1 Resources that are utilized for traffic control, crowd control and force protection.

Vac TruckVac Truck

Vactor truck equipment and operators can be utilized to remove soil from the victim before rescuers get into the trench. Vac Truck operators should be familiar with Trench Rescue procedures and should train with the Trench Rescue Team.

TIER TWO SERVICESTIER TWO SERVICES

Technical Rescue Advisors

Tow Truck

Engineers

Haz Mat Team

Confined Space Team

USAR Search Team

Rehab Units

Technical Technical AdvisorAdvisor

Complex trench and excavation rescues may require the use of Technical Advisors. These advisors may include experienced Trench Rescue Team Members and Trench Rescue Instructors.

Tow TruckTow Truck

Tow truck companies, which have large, low pressure airbags, that are capable of up righting train cars and semi-trucks, should be on the Tier-2 Resource List. These bags can be used to support trench walls and fill in voids created by cave- ins.

EngineersEngineers

Tier-2 resources should include Structural and Geological Engineers. These engineers should be part of the trench teams training and exercise program.

Confined Space Rescue Confined Space Rescue TeamTeam

A Confined Space Rescue Team should be part of your Tier-2 Resource List.

Complicated entry and extrications may utilize confined space rescuers.

Haz Mat TeamHaz Mat Team

Haz Mat Teams may be utilized at Trench Rescues which have been dug in contaminated soil or have had spills or releases into the soil.

Search Search TeamsTeams

Victims who are completely buried may require the use of Specialized Search Teams. Canines, cameras, acoustic and seismic devices can be used to local buried victims. MI-TF1 can deploy a Search Strike Team with these capabilities.

RehabRehab

Technician level trench rescues are often multi-hour incidents. Responders must be hydrated, feed and rested during their operational period. Resources for responder rehabilitations include Red Cross and Salvation Army.

Equipment needs at a trench rescue are vast and varied. The Region 2 USAR Response system has created a

minimum equipment list. That list can be found in the Appendix of this program.

EquipmenEquipmen

tt

As a minimum trench rescue equipment should address the following:

Sheeting/ Shores

Lumber

Rope Rescue Equipment

Heavy Rigging

Patient Packaging

Confined Space Ventilation/Heaters

Lights/ Generators

EquipmenEquipmen

tt

3.3. Activate the Response Activate the Response SystemSystem

* Civilians

Civilians

Anyone who witnesses a trench accident should begin to activate the system by calling 911.

Fire Department

The incident commander will activate the response system through a pre-arranged trench response system.


In most communities the first response to a trench rescue will be a fire engine and EMS Unit. While these first responders can perform some important awareness level initial actions they do not bring with them the equipment and trained personnel needed to perform a trench rescue. NFPA Standard 1670 requires that every firefighter who might be sent to a trench rescue has a minimum of awareness training. Responders who are expected to perform rescue functions need to have operation and/or technician level training.


In addition to the first due engine and EMS unit, the response system must include: the services and equipment listed as Tier-1 resources and a dispatch capability that can quickly move the resources to the scene. Tier-2 resources may be called out after an assessment and size-up have been completed.

It is very important that the Tier-1 and Tier-2 services and equipment are pre-arranged. Agreements with service and equipment providers must be made before a trench accident occurs. 24/7 contact arrangements are needed and must be part of the resource list. While not every community can have its own Trench Rescue Team, every community can and should have a Response Plan and Resource List.

The first arriving officer shall take command and begin the size up. The size up will include the following:

Situation – Determine what has happened. Is this a “Cave In” or “Non-Cave In” incident? Victims of a cave in will be injured or trapped by soil. Non-Cave In accidents may include: Medical problems, Trauma, Electrocutions and Hazardous atmospheric conditions.

Hazard Assessment – Determine the hazards in the general area and the rescue area (See Section 5 - Hazard Recognition).

Victim Information – Determine how many victims are injured or trapped. Assess the victims injuries and decide if this is a rescue or body recovery.

Size Up Size Up

Size Up (cont.)Size Up (cont.)

Trench Detail – Determine if this is a trench or Excavation (See Section 1 – Definitions). Measure the depth and width. Evaluate the soil as: “Compact”, “Running” or “Saturated”.

Resources – Assess the resources responding in your Tier-1 activation. Assess the resources on the construction site. Request additional resources needed during the brief incident report.

Brief Incident Report (B.I.R.) - A B.I.R. Is based on the intelligence gathered for the “Size up”.

Example: “Engine 1 is on the scene of a trench rescue. We have two live workers trapped by a cave in. The trench is 7 Ft. Deep and 4 Ft. Wide with “Compact Soil”. One wall has collapsed. No working utilities are on site. Engine 1 will begin command and initial actions.”

TIER ONE TIER TWO

TRENCH TEAMS TECHNICAL ADVISORS* ** *

UTILITY CONTROL REGISTERD ENGINEERS* Gas- * Soil- * Electric * Structural-* Water/Sewer-

MEDICAL CONFINED SPACE RESCUE* ** *

POLICE HAZ MAT* ** *

HEAVY EQUIPMENT USAR SEARCH TEAM* ** *

VACTOR TRUCKS REHAB AGENCY * ** *

TOW TRUCK *

Trench Rescue Resource List Trench Rescue Resource List (Please use this as a template. Fill in contact names and numbers of local

resources.)

4.4. SCENE MANAGEMENT AND SCENE MANAGEMENT AND SITE CONTROL SITE CONTROLFirst Responders (Awareness Training Level) are

responsible for site control and scene management.

Scene Management and Site Control are critical elements

of successful rescue incidents.

Successful Scene Management at a trench rescue must include:

Incident Management System - Basic IMS practices are essential for scene management at trench incidents.

Command Post – A clearly defined and identifable Command Post is needed.

Staging Area - Develop an area that is capable of receiving all resources. Staff the staging area appropriately, for the size of the incident.

Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG) - First Responders are responsible for following standard operating guidelines. SOG training is found in Operation level rescue courses.

Incident Action Plans (IAP) – Effective Scene Management includes and incident action plan (IAP) that consists of strategic goals, tactical objectives and resource assignments.

Scene Scene ManagementManagement

Site ControlSite Control

Shut down traffic and sources of vibrations.

Establish operational zones (hot, warm and cold) with secure entry points.

Prepare the site for the arrival of incoming resources.

Minimum site control activities include the following:

5. 5. HAZARD RECOGNITION HAZARD RECOGNITION

There are a number of hazards associated with trench and excavation incidents. Awareness Level personnel must be trained to recognize these hazards. They must also be trained in procedures necessary to mitigate hazards within the general area. This “general area” is typically an area around the trench or excavation within 300 feet, or as determined by the Incident Commander.

Common Hazards in the Common Hazards in the “General Area” include:“General Area” include:

Utilities - Underground utilities include electric, natural gas, water and sewer.

Atmospheric – Hazardous atmospheres commonly found at a trench site include: Flammable Gases, Oxygen Deficiency, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide.

Hazardous Materials – Gasoline, diesel fuel and hydraulic oils are common hazardous materials at trench incidents.

Personal Hazards – Tripping hazards, sharp items, power tools, torches and other hot items are Personal Hazards commonly found at a trench rescue.

Biological (Injured workers) – Body fluids resulting from traumatic injury.

Hazards in the Rescue Hazards in the Rescue AreaArea

An unprotected (see Protection Methods) trench is a hazardous environment. Collapse (or cave-in) occurs in a fraction of a second, often without warning. Workers in a trench during a cave-in are often seriously injured or killed. Suffocation, asphyxia, crush syndrome and impact related traumatic injuries are likely causes of trench fatalities.

Soil Properties:Crushing Characteristics:

Average weight: 100 lbs. per cubic foot – 2,700 lbs. per cubic yard.

Engulfment Characteristics: Wet, compact, running: These characteristics will

dictate how the soil will flow around and entrap/suffocate a victim.

HAZARD MITIGATIONHAZARD MITIGATIONMitigation methods used but are not limited to: CONTROL: Reduce the effect of hazards. Examples: - Vibrations: Shut down traffic and heavy equipment. - Impact Loading: Walking on ground pads or on the short wall end of the trench lip. - Egress: Place a ladder into the trench for egress of workers. - Liquid: Dike water or spilled fuel (if adequate PPE is available).

REMOVE: Physically remove hazardous items, such as: - Trip hazards (string lines, tools on the lip) - Gasoline/fuel containers - Small pipes near the lip

AVOIDANCE: Stay clear of the hazard (exclusion zones) - Identify hazards - Set-up zones to prohibit entry into hazardous areas.

PROTECTION: Dress for the dance - PPE - Gloves - Helmet - Full body - Boots - Respiratory *****

6. 6. Identify Collapse Patterns & Identify Collapse Patterns & Causes of CollapseCauses of Collapse

First Responders must have an understanding and appreciation of the dynamics of trench/excavation collapse.

Dynamic conditions which contribute to cave-ins are considered causes of collapse. Trenches generally collapse in similar ways, which we call patterns of collapse. Entry into trenches/excavations can be made safe by a variety of protection methods.

Spoil Pile

Causes of Collapse Causes of Collapse

Spoil piles that are not set back from the edge of the trench can slide into the trench. The weight of the spoil pile also creates an additional (Superimposed) load on the trench wall that can cause the wall to collapse. OSHA states that the pile must be a minimum of two (2) feet from the edge.

Causes of Causes of Collapse Collapse

In addition to spoil piles, other superimposed loads can cause a trench wall to collapse. Common superimposed loads include pipes, excavators, loaders, trucks and construction equipment.

Superimposed Loads

Vibration


Vibrations created by motor vehicles, heavy equipment and near by trains can cause soil to begin to move. An object in motion wants to stay in motion. Vibrations can cause a trench to collapse.

Layered Soils


Layered soil is subject to cave-ins. This is especially true when heavier (compact) soil is layered above lighter and more granular soil.

Example: clay above sand.

Disturbed Soil


Much like layered soil, previously disturbed and backfilled trenches have a high potential to collapse.


Water seeping into trench walls puts the soil in motion. Soil in motion is likely to cave in.

Seeping water is likely caused by a broken water or sewer line, but can be caused by very rainy conditions.

Excessive Water


Standing Water

Standing water will undermine the bottom of the trench walls. This will cause the support (foundation) of the wall to erode away and allow the wall to cave in.

Fissures

Top ViewWall View


Fissures

Insufficient water causes the soil to crack. These cracks are called fissures. Fissures will expand until sections of the wall cave in.

Top View

Insufficient Water

Intersecting Trenches


Trench walls may be sloped to prevent cave-ins. A professional engineer must design the sloping angle provided:

The slope is not steeper than 1 ½ horizontal to 1 vertical

Tabulated data is used


All trenches five feet and deeper must be considered as high collapse potentials.

OSHA states that no one may enter an open trench that is deeper than five (5 ft.) until protective methods have been provided

Unprotected Trenches

There are four common patterns of trench collapse

Collapse Collapse PatternsPatterns


Spoil Pile Collapse

The excavated soil (spoil) is piled on the lip. This soil is loose and has a tendency to slide. If it is not placed far enough away from the lip it will slide into the trench and bury workers.

Collapse PatternsCollapse Patterns

Wall Shear Collapse

The collapse of an entire section of wall from lip to floor.


Lip Shear Collapse

Lip slide collapses are similar to shear wall collapses, but on a smaller scale. A fracture occurs at the top of the trench and results in the breaking and sliding of the trench lip.

Slough-In

Collapse PatternsCollapse Patterns

A collapse that occurs near the bottom of the wall leaving the potential for the collapse of an overhanging ledge.

Protection MethodsProtection MethodsThe following five Protection Methods are recognized

by OSHA for underground construction work.

Angle of ReposeAngle of Repose

Trench walls can be sloped

to make them safe.

The slope angle varies

dependent upon several factors

such as:

Soil type

Surcharge loads

Weather conditions

Previous soil disturbances

BenchingBenching

A method of protecting workers by excavating to form one, or a series of steps or “benches”.The first bench (at the floor) can be no more than 4 feet (vertical). Subsequent benches can be no more than 5’ vertical.

The vertical to horizontal ratio of the benches depends on:

Soil Type Surcharge loads Weather conditions Previous soil disturbances

X

TRENCH SHIELDTRENCH SHIELDA pre-constructed set of side plates and adjustable cross members to prevent the walls of the pit from collapsing.

A structure which is designed to withstand the forces being applied to it by moving soil and therefore “protect” employees within it.

The bottom of the trench box must rest not more than 2’ from the floor. The top of the trench box should extend at least 18” above the lip.

Sheet PilingSheet Piling

Sheet piling is a form of driven piling using thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a continuous barrier in the ground. The main application of sheet piles is in retaining walls and cofferdams erected to enable permanent works to proceed. Normally, vibrating hammers, t-cranes and crawler drilling are used to establish sheet piles.

Sheeting and ShoringSheeting and Shoring

Devices which are designed and installed to support trench walls and therefore prevent trench wall collapse.

Examples of “Shoring” are: Aluminum or steel

hydraulic shores Pneumatic (air operated)

shores Screw Jacks (mechanical

jacks) Timber Crossbraces

7.7. Non-Entry Rescue Non-Entry Rescue

Non-entry rescues include placing a ladder to allow a victim to perform a self-rescue or allowing uninjured persons in the trench to remove a victim.

The story below will give you some insight into how the events of a Non-Entry Trench Rescue occurs.

During the summer of 1995, while I was assigned to our technical rescue station, we responded to the scene of a large excavation for an incident involving an injured worker. After arrival, the first officer found a large excavation for a sewage pumping station that was under construction.

While unloading steel panels , the crane operator swung the load over the trench and struck a worker in the head and upper body. The subsequent blow from the panel knocked the worker into the bottom of the excavation, and he landed on his back. Although he remained conscious, he did suffer a broken shoulder and head injuries.

The first in company officer called me on the tactical channel. He advised all of us of the situation and communicated his risk benefit analysis. He then asked whether it was acceptable for the victim to use the ladder to self-evacuate if they could manage to get some sort of lifting device to assist. His main concerns at the time were considerations for patient packaging and not providing adequate cervical spine immobilization for a victim that had fallen that far.

My response was, “Yes, if the victim can self-evacuate with your assistance, please allow him to do so.” Although the victim was suffering from possible head, shoulder and internal injuries, the speed of self-rescue far outweighed the need for additional considerations for patient care and packaging.

The EMS officer on scene also had concerns about proper patient packaging; however, the company officer convinced him this was the best tactic. It was determined that EMS personnel's main concern was about causing further injury by allowing the patient to move on his own. When it was explained to him the time it would take to move forward with the modified self-evacuation rescue was determined the best manner in which to resolve the incident.

A ladder was placed into the trench. As the victim slowly made his way up the ladder, the EMS crew prepared the backboard and other trauma-related medical supplies and waited for him at the top of the ladder. At that time, he successfully escaped his perilous situation and was packaged and transported to the emergency room for more definitive medical treatment.

In this case the first arriving he and his firefighters had no “rescue” equipment and were armed only with knowledge. This knowledge gave them the awareness to properly assess the situation, determine that the best tactic was a non-entry rescue, recognize the type of excavation and its inherent dangers, evaluate the protective system and then have to relay the information to more knowledgeable personnel who were en route to the scene. The result was a successful “non-entry” rescue.

Jonathan A. Rigolo, CaptainVirginia Beach Fire Department

Virginia Beach, Virginia

Note: Other successful “non-entry rescues” involving cave-ins have included lowering a shovel to a partially buried victim. After digging themselves out, the victims were able to climb a ladder placed into the trench from the lip.

Appendix ATrench Rescue Operations Level

Equipment List(5) Fire service ladders (24’ extension/ 14’ roof)

(2) Saw horses, folding

10 ¼” circular saw (2 spare blades)

7 ¼” circular saw (2 spare blades)

Handsaw, crosscut

Chainsaw, electric or gasoline (2 spare chains)

Bar oil, gallon

Speed squares

Carpenter square

Tape measures (16’ or 20’)

(6) Pencils

Generator, 5 KW

Extension cords, (10-3) single outlet 100’

(1) Extension cords, (12-3) single outlet 10’

Gas can (5 gallon) unleaded gas

Engine oil, quart (30 weight)

(1) Trash pump

(1) Suction hose-10’

(1) Discharge hoses-50’

(25 lbs)Nails, (16d) 3 ½” double head

SCBA air bottles

SCBA units complete

(2) Wonder bars

(2) Cat claws

(3) Pike pole (8’)

(2) Sledge hammers(8-10 lb.)

(1) Panels (3/4” Finnform) with 2”x12” uprights

Paratech Struts

(6) Lockstroke struts (2’-3’)

(6) Acme Thread struts (3’-5’)

(6) Extensions (6”)

(3) Extensions (1’)

(3) Extensions (2’)

Controller, dual outlet

Regulator, two stage

(20) Swivel bases

Paratech high pressure Air Hoses

(12) Strut Lowering ropes with snap links (8mm- 10’ long)

Air Bag System (14 psi)

(2) Bags (24’ to 36” lift)


Hoses, outlet

Hose, supply

Controller

Shut-off valves

Recon Kit

(4) Barrier tape, rolls

Binocular

Voltage tester, non-contact type (Delsar Hot Stick preferred)

(4) Marking paint cans (orange)

(4) Lumber crayons

(6) Pencils

Clipboard/ Approach Assessment worksheets

Digital camera

Rigging Kit

(2) 6” Shackles

Nylon sling (6’ wide)

Nylon slings (8’) endless

Chain, (Grade 8)-3/8” (10’) with grab links

Rigging oval for 3/8” chain

LSP Halfback with bridle

(1) Backboard with straps

Hot stick (clamp head) 20 KW volt

(1)pr. Lineman’s high voltage glove, 20KW volt

Ropes, ½” NFPA-100’ minimum

(12) Carabiners, NFPA-General

(1) Litter basket

(4) Pulleys, double with beckets

(2) Pulleys, single

(6) Prusiks

(8) Webbing, (1”)-15’

(1) Webbing, (1”)-20’

(2) Atmospheric Monitor (4 function)

Fire service smoke ejector (electric)

(1) Confined space ventilation blower

Flexible duct tubing (12’)

(1) Gasline crimping tool (Vise Grip)

Pipe plug, expandable

Pipe plug, wood

Pinch point pry bars

(3) Tarps, vinyl

Air Bag Set (118 psi) (Auto extrication style)

(2) Bags

(2) Hoses, outlet

Hose, supply


(1) Controller, dual

R.I.T. Kit

Helmet with goggles

(1) Basic EMT- trauma kit

(1) Oxygen kit

(1) AED

Lumber List

(4) Timbers (8”x8”) 12’

(10) 2”x12”-12’

(6) 2”x6”-12’

(10) 2”x4”-8’

(4) 2”x4”-12’

• 4”x4”-24” (30 cribs)

(12) 4”x4” Wedge sets (18’ long)

(8) Sheets, Plywood (4’x8’) ¾” CDX or better

Personal Gear (Per Person)

Helmet (rescue style preferred)

Safety glasses or goggles

Leather work gloves

Safety boots

Coveralls or shirt/pants

Foul weather gear (jacket and pants)

Tool belt/ nail pouch/ hammer holder

Framing hammer (22 oz)

Tape measure (16’) 1” wide blade-contractor style

trench rescue awareness training course

Education

trench definitions

trench lip

trench caveins

excavation definitions

compact soil soil

definitions floor floor

saturated soilsoil

types of trench rescues