tree structure by edward f. gilman department of environmental horticulture university of florida
TRANSCRIPT
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Tree structureTree structure
By Edward F. Gilman
Department of Environmental Horticulture
University of Floridahttp://hort.ufl.edu/woody/planting
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Tree Structure
What’s the Problem?
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What is good structure?
1. Forest grown vs. open grown tree
2. Codominant stems
3. Good branch attachment
4. Structurally sound tree
Outline of topics
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1. Forest grown tree
• How do they develop on their own?
vs..
Open grown tree
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Trees in the forest grow with one trunk, and codominant stems toward the top of the tree
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Codominant stems form far up into the canopy on most forest trees
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Open grown trees
• Canopy develops low on the trunk
• Canopy spreads wide
• Tree is often wider than tall
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Its party time for all
Its all about access to sunlight
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Appears to be a nice tree
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Close-up of base of tree
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Same tree five years later
Huge crack
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“Fall down go boom tree”
Keep an eye on this side of the tree
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“I thought I heard something creak last night”
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What is good structure?
1. Forest grown vs. open grown tree
2. Codominant stems
3. Good branch attachment
4. Structurally sound tree
Outline of topics
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2. Codominant stems
Stems nearly same diameter
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“Elephant ears”
These are weak
Severely acute angle
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Why are they a problem?
Included barkbeginning to form
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Bark inclusion
Decay anddiscolorationfrom selfwounding
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Bark inclusion
Near-normal wood formation
Closed crack indicating inclusion
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Bark inclusion
Closure crack indicating inclusion
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Bark inclusion(Not a codominant stem!)
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Close-up of closure crack
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What is good structure?
1. Forest grown vs. open grown tree
2. Codominant stems
3. Good branch attachment
4. Structurally sound tree
Outline of topics
![Page 26: Tree structure By Edward F. Gilman Department of Environmental Horticulture University of Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649cad5503460f9496f8d3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
3. Good branch attachment
• How does a BRANCH form?
• What are the indicators?
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Branch bark ridge present
• Some branch unions have a prominent branch bark ridge
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Collar
No branch bark ridge
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Pine union• Collar is visible as a
swelling at the base of the branch
• Branch bark ridge (arrows) is visible as a dark, rough bark region on the top and sides of the union
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Wood orientation at union
• Peel the bark from the union
• Note how trunk wood grows out onto the base of the branch (dotted line is edge of trunk wood)
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Desirable branch size
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Weak union
Strong union
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What is good structure?
1. Forest grown vs. open grown tree
2. Codominant stems
3. Good branch attachment
4. Structurally sound tree
Outline of topics
![Page 37: Tree structure By Edward F. Gilman Department of Environmental Horticulture University of Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649cad5503460f9496f8d3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
4. Structurally sound tree
• Scaffold branches spaced vertically.– Rule of thumb: about 5% of tree’s ultimate
height.
• Scaffold branches spaced radially; none directly above another.
• Consistently maintain 60% L.C.R.
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Good structure
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Stems too close together
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Pruning –
Is a solution that will be discussed in another
presentation.
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Tree structureTree structure
By Edward F. Gilman
Department of Environmental Horticulture
University of Floridahttp://hort.ufl.edu/woody/planting