treatment and disposal of by-products of slaughter
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TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF BY-PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER. 4 TH YEAR LECTURE. Main product of slaughter is carcass meat Definition – everything from abattoir or butcher shop not sold directly as food or not carcass meat Why treat? Rapid hygienic disposal, Avoid decomposition Avoid obnoxious odors - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TREATMENT AND TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF BY-DISPOSAL OF BY-
PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERPRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER4TH YEAR LECTURE
14 th year Lecture
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Main product of slaughter is carcass meatDefinition – everything from abattoir or butcher
shop not sold directly as food or not carcass meat
Why treat?Rapid hygienic disposal,Avoid decompositionAvoid obnoxious odorsAvoid contamination of fresh meat
24 th year Lecture
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Why process?◦Brings economic returns
By- products are divided into edible and inedible
Edible by-products e.g. liver, kidneys, thymus , pancreas, edible blood, fat, tripe
Inedible include bone, hooves, hides and skinsWhen edible by-products are affected by
conditions that make them unfit for human consumption- inedible
34 th year Lecture
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
FATSSources – trimmings from kidney,
intestines, channel and other organsEdible fat processed into oleo oil and oleo
stearinInedible fats processed into soap
manufacturing, glycerine – medicinal preparations, gun powder, cordite and dynamite.
44 th year Lecture
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Processing of edible fat◦ low FFA any processing ensures that FFA
remains low by initial cold storage of raw material, low processing temperatures and minimized cooking times
◦Wet rendering – pre-cut raw materials injected with steam to 140oC under pressure for 3-4 hrs
◦Pressure released and fat drains out purified by gravity or centrifugation- removes water
◦Greases or proteinaceous solids removed and fat extracted by solvents
4 th year Lecture 5
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Dry rendering◦Similar to wet rendering but initially uses steam
and water for 1.5 -2 hrs to drive water out of fat
oContinuous low temperature renderinguses heating, separation and cooling in a continuous flow. Material is minced, melting by steam at 90oC,separation of liquid fat from solids by centrifugation, heating, centrifugation and cooling.
During rendering care taken to prevent breakdown of fat into FFA and glycerides by lipases active at 40-60oC
4 th year Lecture 6
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Stomachs and IntestinesUsed in pet foods manufactureHuman consumption (tripe) if passed fit.
◦emptied and washed, fat trimmed off, scalded in water containing soda, scrapped, cooked at 49-60oC.
Rumen contents used for compost, biogas generation
Suckling calves, rennet is extracted from the abomasum
4 th year Lecture 7
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
BloodWhen collected hygienically used for human
consumption. Uncontaminated with ingesta, urine, or foreign material. Originate from healthy animals
Blood recovered from animals ranges from 3-4% of live weight in cattle and pigs; 4-4.5% in sheep, 3.5-4% in lambs 5-6% in calves. Anticoagulants are used
Used to make black pudding (muturas), or for separation of plasma and red cells.
Red cells for black pudding or blood mealsPlasma blood transfusion services.
4 th year Lecture 8
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Inedible blood collected without due care.Dried into blood meal by drying to final water
content of 8-10%; coagulation in batches draining, pressing and final drying; preheating, coagulation and separation followed by drying
BonesAmount depends on whether meat is deboned.Bones mixed with other condemned material and
into meat and bone mealsProducts of bone processing are fat, bone meal,
gelatine and meat and bone meal.Due to its high calcium and phosphorous content
bone meal used in poultry feeds and fertilizers.
4 th year Lecture 9
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Calcined bone from roasting in air is used in high class pottery, china, refining of silver and in copper smelting
Bone charcoal is used in sugar refining, case hardening in steel manufacture, removal of fluorine in water (bone powders)
Hoofs and hornsHoofs are removed by stepping in hot water then
dryingWhite hoofs used in the manufacture of combs,
buttonsStripped and black hoofs are used in hoof meal
fertilizer for grape vinesHorns used for manufacture of hairpins, buttons, knife
handles,. Pig hairs used in making foam-type fire extinguishers fluids
4 th year Lecture 10
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Hair and bristlesCattle hairs go with the hide, separated by the
tanners used by plasterers as a binding agentUsed as an insulating material in carpet
manufacture after purification with HCl to remove lime.
Long black and tail thistles of pigs – brush making, shaving brushes, stuffing mattresses (pigs) after purification
4 th year Lecture 11
BY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTERBY- PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER
Hides and SkinsRepresents about 12% of value of the animal,
carcass 80% and by-products 7%Hide is tanned and made into leather (shoes,
belts) and sole leather.Sheep skin into leather for gloves
DISPOSAL of condemned materials sterilization –rendering Incineration Deep burial pits
4 th year Lecture 12
References◦Meat Hygiene –Gracey• Purpose – Understand• Utilization of different by-products of slaughter• Disposal methods of condemned material
4 th year Lecture 13