traverse observation
TRANSCRIPT
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/ (Chain Surveying) /
(Triangulation) (Traverse)
(Triangulation) (Geodetic surveying) /
(Traverse) ( )
1. (Compass traverse) ( )
Compass Theodolite Brunton Compass Prismatic Compass
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2. (Theodolite traverse)
3. Stadia (Stadia traverse)
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2
A
B
C
D
X
Y
Direction of Observed
(EA , NA)
(ED , ND)
(Startup Station)
(Final Station)
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1. 1015 .. 3 ..
4 .. 0.3 ..
2 .. 0.2 ..
0.1 ..
2.
- 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.0
- 16 8 12 6 8 4 2
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4 4 5 4 5 5 5
3.
- 1/600,000 1/300,000 1/120,000 1/60,000 1/30,000
4.
- 3 D/R 3 D/R 2 D/R 2 D/R 2 D/R
- 10 10 10 10 20
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4 6 6 8 8 10 10 15 15 20
5. (Az)
- Az
5 6 10 12 15 20 20 25 30 40
- 16 16 12 8 4
- Az 2 2 1 1 1
- 0.45 0.45 1.5 3.0 8.0
- Az Az
1
n2
1.5
n3
2
n3
2
n6
4
n8
3
n01
6
n51
8
n03
6. Az
K04.0 .
1/100,000
K08.0 .
1/50,000
K2.0 .
1/20,000
K4.0 .
1/10,000
K8.0 .
1/5,000
* : McGraw-Hill. Surveying: Theory and Practice (1981:334-335)
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1.
2. ()
.1 .2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7 .8
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1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.
3. ( ) (Traverse points)
3.1
3.2 ()
3.3
T.1
.1 .2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
T.2
T.3
T.4
T.5
O.1
O.2
O.3
O.4
. = T. = O. = R. = /
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4. ()
2
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5.
5.1 T.1 T.5 T.2
5.2 T.2 T.5 (Backward = BW) T.2 (Forward = FW) T.1 T.5 T.1 T.2
T1
.1
T2
T5
T1
.1
T.2
T5
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5.3
5.2 5.3
STA MK D
R
Reading ( D ) ( R ) Mean
Reading Angle
Average
Angles Distance
(m)
N . 0 00 00.0 00 02.0 0 00 01.0
. 96 51 45.0 51 46.0 96 51 45.5 96 51 44.5
T.1 . 45 00 30.0 00 34.0 45 00 32.0 96 51 45.0
. 141 52 15.0 52 19.0 141 52 17.0 96 51 45.0
. 90 00 00.0 00 04.0 90 00 02.0
T.2 . 186 51 45.0 51 50.0 186 51 47.5 96 51 45.5
T.5 . 25 26 28.0 26 30.0 25 26 29.0 84.900
. 125 53 53.0 53 54.0 125 53 53.5 100 27 24.5
T.1 . 60 42 45.0 42 49.0 60 42 47.0 100 27 25.0
. 161 10 10.0 10 14.0 161 10 12.0 100 27 25.0
. 105 23 24.0 23 28.0 105 23 26.0
T.2 . 205 50 49.0 50 54.0 205 50 51.5 100 27 25.5 56.158
T.1 T.2 . 205 50 49.0 50 52.0 205 50 50.5
.1 . 349 17 43.0 17 44.0 349 17 43.5 143 26 53.0 143 26 54.0 7.670
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5.4 T.5 T.1 T.2 T.3 T.1 T.2
5.5 T.1 T.3 .2 T.2 T.1 T.2 T.3 ( )
5.5
STA MK D
R
Reading ( D ) ( R ) Mean
Reading Angle
Average
Angles Distance
(m)
T.1 . 102 35 25.0 35 27.0 102 35 26.0 56.158
. 190 17 29.0 17 30.0 190 17 29.5 87 42 03.5
T.2 . 140 25 31.0 25 33.0 140 25 32.0 87 42 04.0
. 228 07 35.0 07 38.0 228 07 36.5 87 42 04.5
. 212 30 25.0 30 27.0 212 30 26.0
T.3 . 300 12 29.0 12 31.0 300 12 30.0 87 42 04.0 171.111
T.2 T.1 . 28 45 44.0 45 47.0 28 45 45.5
.2 232 27 56.0 27 55.0 232 27 55.5 203 42 10.0 10.955
T.1
.2
T.2
T.3
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5.6 T.1 T.2 T.3 T.4 T.2 T.3
5.7 T.2 T.4
.7 T.3 T.4 T.3 T.2
STA MK D
R
Reading ( D ) ( R ) Mean
Reading Angle
Average
Angles Distance
(m)
T.3 . 40 52 28.0 52 32.0 40 52 30.0 63.455
. 132 01 56.0 01 60.0 132 01 58.0 91 09 28.0
T.4 . 75 28 50.0 28 54.0 75 28 52.0 91 09 28.0
. 166 38 18.0 38 21.0 166 38 19.5 91 09 27.5
. 210 24 32.0 24 33.0 210 24 32.5
T.5 . 301 33 60.0 34 02.0 301 34 01.0 91 09 28.5 87.135
T.3 T.2 205 50 49.0 50 51.0 205 50 50.0 .
.7 73 39 01.0 38 58.0 73 38 59.5 227 48 09.5 227 48 12.0 11.800
.7
T.2
T.3
T.4
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5.8 T.4 T.5 T.2 T.3 T.3 T.4
5.9 T.3 T.5
.8 T.4 T.3 T.4 T.5
STA MK D
R
Reading ( D ) ( R ) Mean
Reading Angle
Average
Angles Distance
(m)
T.3 . 40 52 28.0 52 32.0 40 52 30.0 63.455
. 132 01 56.0 01 60.0 132 01 58.0 91 09 28.0
T.4 . 75 28 50.0 28 54.0 75 28 52.0 91 09 28.0
. 166 38 18.0 38 21.0 166 38 19.5 91 09 27.5
. 210 24 32.0 24 33.0 210 24 32.5
T.5 . 301 33 60.0 34 02.0 301 34 01.0 91 09 28.5 87.135
T.4 T.3 . 155 52 50.0 52 48.0 155 52 49.0
.8 . 345 06 56.0 06 57.0 345 06 56.5 189 14 07.5 8.455
.8
T.3
T.4
T.5
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5.10 T.5 T.1 T.3 T.4 T.4 T.5
5.11 T.3 T.5
T.5 T.4 T.5 T.1
5.11
STA MK D
R
Reading ( D ) ( R ) Mean
Reading Angle
Average
Angles Distance
(m)
T.4 . 205 54 48.0 54 52.0 205 54 50.0 87.135
. 14 37 09.0 37 11.0 14 37 10.0 168 42 20.0
T.5 . 3 42 54.0 42 57.0 3 42 55.5 168 42 21.0
. 172 25 15.0 25 20.0 172 25 17.5 168 42 22.0
. 86 44 02.0 44 04.0 86 44 03.0
T.1 . 255 26 23.0 26 25.0 255 26 24.0 168 42 21.0 84.900
5 4. ( 4)
T1
T4
T5
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(Offset points) .2 .7
6. () (Optical Square) ( )
(Optical Square) Pole A AB () Pole Pole A AB Peg Offset
A
C A
D
A
C
C C A A A (Pole A)
B
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
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1. (Pole) .7 .2
2. .2 .7 ( AB) .3 .4 .5 .6
3. AB A
B
A
.7
.2
B
A
.3
.7
.2
.4 .5 .6
B
A
.3
.7
.2
.4 .5 .6
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4. Pole .3 Pole A ( C 14)
5. Peg
6. AB Offset
B
O1
A
.3
.7
.2
.4 .5 .6
B
O1
A
.3
.7
.2
.4 .5 .6
O2
B
O1
A
.3
.7
.2
.4 .5 .6
6 A
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O2
B
O1
A
.3
.7
.2
O3
.4 .5 .6
6 B
O2
B
O1
A
.3
.7
.2
O3 O4
.4 .5 .6
6 C
O2
B
O1
A
.3
.7
.2
O3 O4
.4 .5 .6
6 D
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Optical Square
1. AB
2. Peg () C
3. C
4. C D E ( Peg )
5. D E
6. ( DE) Peg O Offset C AB
A
B
C
D
E
A B
O
A
B
C
D
E
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7. Offset ()
Offset
Offset
AB .2 O1, .2 O2, .2 O3, .2 O4 .2 .7 () .2 O1, O1 O2, O2 O3, O3 O4 O4 .7
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O2
B
O1
A
.3
.7
.2
O3 O4
.4 .5 .6
O2
B
O1
A
.3
.7
.2
O3 O4
.4 .5 .6
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T1
.1 .2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7 .8
T2
T3
T4
T5
R1
R2
R3
R4
O 1
O 2
O 3
O 4
. = T. = O. = R. = /
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