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Travel and Tourism in Russia to 2018

© Travel &Tourism Intelligence Center. This product is licensed and is not to be photocopied Published: November 2014

Travel and Tourism in Russia

to 2018

Report Code: TT0174MR

Publication Date: November2014

www.tourism-ic.com

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http://www.tourism-ic.com/

SUMMARY



1 SUMMARY

The Travel and Tourism sector in Russia is still in the initial stages of development, especially for

leisure purposes. Due to the high cost of tours in the country, many Russians prefer outbound trips

over domestic ones. This is also a key reason behind the small size of the inbound tourism market,

with a total of XX.XX million trips in 2013. Both the inbound and outbound tourism markets are largely

dependent on neighboring countries such as Ukraine and Kazakhstan. As these countries are well

connected to Russia through roads, land is the preferred mode of transport for tourists.

The number of domestic trips increased from XX.XX million in 2009 to XX.XX million in 2013, at a

CAGR of XX.XX %. This growth is attributed to the increase in disposable income due to economic

growth; leisure trips accounted for XX.XX % of the total domestic trips in 2013. Currently, the inbound

tourism market is largely driven by visiting friends and relatives (VFR) along with a growing role for

business trips. VFR accounted for XX.XX of the inbound trips in 2013, while business trips

represented XX.XX %.

The Ukrainian crisis had a significant adverse impact on the inbound and outbound tourism markets in

Russia, which is expected to remain throughout the forecast period. Inbound trips are estimated to

decline at a rate of XX.XX % in 2014 while outbound trips will fall by XX.XX %, from XX.XX million in

2013 to XX.XX in 2014. The decline in outbound trips is expected to encourage the growth of domestic

tourism over the forecast period; domestic trips are expected to increase from an estimated XX.XX

million in 2014 to XX.XX million in 2018.

2 SYNOPSIS

The report provides detailed market analysis, information and insights, including:

Historic and forecast tourist volumes covering the entire Russian travel and tourism sector

Detailed analysis of tourist spending patterns in Russia for various categories in the travel and

tourism sector, such as accommodation, sightseeing and entertainment, foodservice,

transportation, retail, travel intermediaries and others

Detailed market classification across each category, with analysis using similar metrics

Detailed analysis of the airline, hotel, car rental and travel intermediaries industries

3 REASONS TO BUY

Take strategic business decisions using historic and forecast market data related to Russian

travel and tourism sector

Understand the demand-side dynamics within Russian travel and tourism sector, along with

key market trends and growth opportunities

TOURISM FLOWS



4 TOURISM FLOWS

4.1 The Market

4.1.1 Domestic tourism

The Russian domestic tourism market is significantly smaller in comparison to other European

countries such as France, the UK, Germany, and Spain. Despite a decline in 2009 due to the global

financial crisis, the market has demonstrated healthy growth on the whole during the historic period

both in terms of tourist volume and expenditure.

Figure 1: Russia – Domestic Tourism Expenditure (RUB Million), 2009–2018

Source: Travel and Tourism IC analysis, Company information, UNWTO, National statistics © Travel and Tourism Intelligence Center

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Accommodation Entertainment and sightseeing Foodservice Retail Transportation Travel intermediation

TOURISM FLOWS



4.1.2 Inbound tourism

Russia’s inbound tourism market registered strong growth during the historic period. Tourist volume

increased at a CAGR of XX.XX%, from XX.XX million in 2009 to XX.XX million in 2013, while inbound

tourist expenditure expanded at a CAGR of XX.XX % from RUB XX.XX billion (US$ XX.XX billion) in

2009 to RUB XX.XX billion (US$ XX.XX billion) in 2013.

Figure 2: Russia– International Arrivals by Mode of Transport (%), 2009 and 2013

Source: Travel and Tourism IC analysis, Company information, Federal Agency for Tourism, Ministry of Culture,

Trade Press, UNWTO

© Travel and Tourism Intelligence Center

23.8%

41.1%

6.2%

28.9%

28.2%

47.7%

5.0%

19.2%

Air

Land

Sea

Rail

Inner circle – 2009

Outer circle – 2013

TOURISM FLOWS



Ukraine was the country’s leading source of tourists, accounting for XX.XX % of the total international

arrivals in 2013, followed by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan with shares of XX.XX % and XX.XX %

respectively. According to a publication from Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, an estimated

XX.XX million Russians lived overseas in neighboring countries of former Soviet States in 2013 such

as Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and in Eastern and Northern EU countries such as Poland and Finland.

These people largely visit Russia on VFR purposes and constitute a significant portion of inbound

tourists.

Table 1: Russia – Tourist Arrivals from Top 10 Countries (Thousand), 2009–2018

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Travel and Tourism IC analysis, Company information, Federal Agency for Tourism, Ministry of Culture, Trade Press, UNWTO © Travel and Tourism Intelligence Center

Figure 3: Visa Policy

Source: Travel and Tourism IC analysis © Travel and Tourism Intelligence Center

TOURISM FLOWS



4.1.3 Outbound tourism

The Russian outbound tourism market registered significant growth during the historic period.

Outbound tourist volume increased from XX.XX million in 2009 to XX.XX million in 2013, at a CAGR of

XX.XX %, while expenditure grew at a CAGR of XX.XX %, from RUB XX.XX billion (US$ XX.XX

billion) in 2009 to RUB XX.XX trillion (US$ XX.XX billion) in 2013.

Figure 4: Russia – International Departures by Purpose of Visit (Thousands), 2009–2018

Source: Travel and Tourism IC analysis, Company information, Federal Agency for Tourism, Ministry of

Culture, Trade Press, UNWTO © Travel and Tourism Intelligence Center

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

18,000

21,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Business Leisure VFR Other Personal

TOURISM FLOWS



Table 2: Russia – Tourist Departures to Top10 Countries (Thousand), 2009–2018

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Travel and Tourism IC analysis, Company information, Federal Agency for Tourism, Ministry of Culture, Trade Press, UNWTO © Travel and Tourism Intelligence Center

Figure 5: Visa Requirements for Russian Citizens

Source: Travel and Tourism IC analysis © Travel and Tourism Intelligence Center

METHODOLOGY



4.2 Methodology

TTIC’s dedicated research and analysis teams consist of experienced professionals with industry

backgrounds in marketing, market research, consulting, and advanced statistical expertise.

TTIC adheres to the Codes of Practice of the Market Research Society (www.mrs.org.uk) and the

Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals (www.scip.org).

All TTIC databases are continuously updated and revised.

All Travel and Tourism reports are created by following a comprehensive, four-stage methodology.

This includes market study, research, analysis, and quality control.

1) Market Study

A. Standardization

Definitions are specified using recognized industry classifications. The same definition is used for

every country. Annual average currency exchange rates are used for the latest completed year. These

are then applied across both historical and forecast data to remove exchange rate fluctuations.

B. Internal Audit

Review of in-house databases to gather existing data:

o Historic market databases and reports

o Company database

C. Trend monitoring

Review of the latest Travel and Tourism companies, and industry trends

2) Research

A. Sources

Collection of the latest market-specific data from a wide variety of industry sources:

o Government statistics

o Industry associations

o Company filings

o International organizations

o Travel and tourism agencies

B. Expert opinion

Collation of opinions taken from leading Travel and Tourism industry experts

Analysis of third-party opinion and forecasts:

o Broker reports

o Media

o Official government sources

C. Data consolidation and verification

Consolidation of data and opinions to create historical datasets

Creation of models to benchmark data across categories and geographies

http://www.scip.org/

METHODOLOGY



3) Analysis

A. Market forecasts

Feeding forecast data in to market models:

o Macroeconomic indicators

o Industry-specific drivers

Analysis of Travel and Tourism industry database to identify trends:

o Latest Travel and Tourism trends

o Key drivers of the Travel and Tourism industry

B. Report writing

Analysis of market data

Discussion of company and industry trends and issues

Review of financial deals, and Travel and Tourism trends

4) Quality Control

A. Templates

Detailed process manuals

Standardized report templates and accompanying style guides

Complex forecasting tools to ensure that forecast methodologies are applied consistently

Quality-control checklists

B. Quality control process

Peer review

Senior-level QC

Random spot checks on data integrity

Benchmark checks across databases

Market data cross-checked for consistency with accumulated data from:

o Company filings

o Government sources

RELATED REPORTS



RELATED REPORTS

Travel and Tourism in the US to 2018

Travel and Tourism in France to 2018

Travel and Tourism in Spain to 2018

Travel and Tourism in Italy to 2018

Travel and Tourism in Brazil to 2018

Travel and Tourism in Kenya to 2018

Travel and Tourism in Qatar to 2018

Travel and Tourism in Singapore to 2018

Travel and Tourism in Ecuador to 2018

Travel and Tourism in India to 2018

Travel and Tourism in Malaysia to 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS



TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 2

1.1 Key Trends and Issues ..................................................................................................................................................................2

1.1.1 Bankruptcies of tour operators ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 New reforms to increase low-cost carriers’ (LCCs) penetration ................................................................................................................ 2

2 The Travel and Tourism Sector in Context .......................................................................................... 14

2.1 Tourist attractions......................................................................................................................................................................... 15

3 Country Fact Sheet ................................................................................................................................ 16

4 Tourism Flows ....................................................................................................................................... 17

4.1 The Market ................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.1.1 Domestic tourism ................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 4.1.2 Inbound tourism ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.1.3 Outbound tourism .................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

4.2 Key Developments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 22

4.2.1 Moscow International Travel & Tourism Exhibition ................................................................................................................................. 22 4.2.2 Russia unveils logo to strengthen tourism .............................................................................................................................................. 22 4.2.3 Sports events ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2.4 Domestic tourism promotion ................................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2.5 Casinos and gaming .............................................................................................................................................................................. 23 4.2.6 Other countries’ promotions in Russia .................................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.7 Key challenges ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.8 MICE tourism ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

4.3 Travel and Tourism IC View ......................................................................................................................................................... 25

4.3.1 Domestic tourism ................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.3.2 Inbound tourism ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.3.3 Outbound tourism .................................................................................................................................................................................. 26

5 Airlines ................................................................................................................................................... 27

5.1 The Market ................................................................................................................................................................................... 27


5.2.1 Aeroflot launches low-cost carrier .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 5.2.2 Malaysian Airlines enters Russian market .............................................................................................................................................. 28 5.2.3 Russia to relax rules to encourage LCCs participation ........................................................................................................................... 28 5.2.4 Failure of LCCs ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 5.2.5 Dwindling revenues ................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 5.2.6 Airport infrastructure development ......................................................................................................................................................... 29

5.3 Competitive Landscape ................................................................................................................................................................ 30


6 Hotels ...................................................................................................................................................... 32

6.1 The Market ................................................................................................................................................................................... 32


6.2.1 Expanding international hotel chains ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 6.2.2 Hotel industry expanding beyond Moscow and St. Petersburg ............................................................................................................... 33 6.2.3 Hotel development pipeline .................................................................................................................................................................... 33



7 Car Rental ............................................................................................................................................... 36

7.1 The Market ................................................................................................................................................................................... 36


7.2.1 Poor road infrastructure and long distances ........................................................................................................................................... 37

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7.2.2 Bureaucracy and red tape ...................................................................................................................................................................... 37



8 Travel Intermediaries ............................................................................................................................. 39

8.1 The Market ................................................................................................................................................................................... 39


8.2.1 Bankruptcies of tour operators ............................................................................................................................................................... 40 8.2.2 Highly competitive market ...................................................................................................................................................................... 40 8.2.3 New measures to regulate the travel market .......................................................................................................................................... 40


9 Tourism Board Profile ........................................................................................................................... 42

9.1 Tourist Board Description ............................................................................................................................................................. 42

9.2 Target Market ............................................................................................................................................................................... 42

10 Airport Profiles ....................................................................................................................................... 43

10.1 Russia Airports ............................................................................................................................................................................. 43

10.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43 10.1.2 Operator profile ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 10.1.3 Routes ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45

11 Company Profiles – Airlines.................................................................................................................. 46

11.1 Company Profile: Aeroflot OAO ................................................................................................................................................... 46

11.1.1 Aeroflot OAO – company overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 46 11.1.2 Aeroflot OAO –business description ....................................................................................................................................................... 46 11.1.3 Aeroflot OAO – main services ................................................................................................................................................................ 47 11.1.4 Aeroflot OAO –history ............................................................................................................................................................................ 47 11.1.5 Aeroflot OAO –SWOT analysis .............................................................................................................................................................. 48 11.1.6 Aeroflot OAO –strengths ........................................................................................................................................................................ 49 11.1.7 Aeroflot OAO –weaknesses ................................................................................................................................................................... 49 11.1.8 Aeroflot OAO –opportunities .................................................................................................................................................................. 49 11.1.9 Aeroflot OAO –threats ............................................................................................................................................................................ 50 11.1.10 Aeroflot OAO – key employees .............................................................................................................................................................. 51

11.2 Company Profile: UTair Aviakompaniya OAO .............................................................................................................................. 52

11.2.1 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – company overview ................................................................................................................................... 52 11.2.2 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – business description ................................................................................................................................ 52 11.2.3 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – main services ........................................................................................................................................... 53 11.2.4 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – history ...................................................................................................................................................... 53 11.2.5 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – SWOT analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 55 11.2.6 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – strengths .................................................................................................................................................. 55 11.2.7 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – weaknesses ............................................................................................................................................. 56 11.2.8 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – opportunities ............................................................................................................................................ 56 11.2.9 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – threats...................................................................................................................................................... 57 11.2.10 UTair Aviakompaniya OAO – key employees ......................................................................................................................................... 58

11.3 Company Profile: JSC S7 Airlines ................................................................................................................................................ 59

11.3.1 JSC S7 Airlines – company overview ..................................................................................................................................................... 59 11.3.2 JSC S7 Airlines – main services............................................................................................................................................................. 59 11.3.3 JSC S7 Airlines – key employees ........................................................................................................................................................... 59

11.4 Company Profile: Ural Airlines JSC.............................................................................................................................................. 60

11.4.1 Ural Airlines JSC – company overview ................................................................................................................................................... 60 11.4.2 Ural Airlines JSC – main services .......................................................................................................................................................... 60 11.4.3 Ural Airlines JSC – key employees ........................................................................................................................................................ 60

11.5 Company Profile: Transaero Airlines OJSC ................................................................................................................................. 61

11.5.1 Transaero Airlines OJSC – company overview ...................................................................................................................................... 61

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11.5.2 Transaero Airlines OJSC – main services .............................................................................................................................................. 61 11.5.3 Transaero Airlines OJSC – key employees ............................................................................................................................................ 62

12 Company Profiles – Hotels .................................................................................................................... 63

12.1 Company Profile: AMAKS Hotels & Resorts ................................................................................................................................ 63

12.1.1 AMAKS Hotels & Resorts – company overview ...................................................................................................................................... 63 12.1.2 AMAKS Hotels & Resorts – main services ............................................................................................................................................. 63 12.1.3 AMAKS Hotels & Resorts – key employees ........................................................................................................................................... 64

12.2 Company Profile: Rezidor Hotel Group Russia ............................................................................................................................ 65

12.2.1 Rezidor Hotel Group Russia – company overview .................................................................................................................................. 65 12.2.2 Rezidor Hotel Group Russia – main services ......................................................................................................................................... 65 12.2.3 Rezidor Hotel Group Russia – key employees ....................................................................................................................................... 65

12.3 Company Profile: Intourist Hotel Group Management Company ................................................................................................. 66

12.3.1 Intourist Hotel Group Management Company – company overview ....................................................................................................... 66 12.3.2 Intourist Hotel Group Management Company – main services and brands............................................................................................. 66 12.3.3 Intourist Hotel Group Management Company – key employees ............................................................................................................. 66

12.4 Company Profile: AZIMUT Hotels Company ................................................................................................................................ 67

12.4.1 AZIMUT Hotels Company – company overview ..................................................................................................................................... 67 12.4.2 AZIMUT Hotels Company – main services and brands .......................................................................................................................... 67 12.4.3 AZIMUT Hotels Company – key employees ........................................................................................................................................... 67

12.5 Company Profile: Marriott Hotels Russia ..................................................................................................................................... 68

12.5.1 Marriott Hotels Russia – company overview ........................................................................................................................................... 68 12.5.2 Marriott Hotels Russia – main services and brands ................................................................................................................................ 68 12.5.3 Marriott Hotels Russia – key employees ................................................................................................................................................ 68

13 Company Profiles – Car Rental ............................................................................................................. 69

13.1 Company Profile: Europcar Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 69

13.1.1 Europcar Russia – company overview ................................................................................................................................................... 69 13.1.2 Europcar Russia – main services ........................................................................................................................................................... 69 13.1.3 Europcar Russia – key employees ......................................................................................................................................................... 69

13.2 Company Profile: Hertz Russia .................................................................................................................................................... 70

13.2.1 Hertz Russia – company overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 70 13.2.2 Hertz Russia – main services and brands .............................................................................................................................................. 70 13.2.3 Hertz Russia – key employees ............................................................................................................................................................... 70

13.3 Company Profile: Avis Car Rental Russia .................................................................................................................................... 71

13.3.1 Avis Car Rental Russia – company overview ......................................................................................................................................... 71 13.3.2 Avis Car Rental Russia – main services and brands .............................................................................................................................. 71 13.3.3 Avis Car Rental Russia – key employees ............................................................................................................................................... 71

13.4 Company Profile: National Car Rental Russia ............................................................................................................................. 72

13.4.1 National Car Rental Russia – company overview ................................................................................................................................... 72 13.4.2 National Car Rental Russia – main services and brands ........................................................................................................................ 72 13.4.3 National Car Rental Russia – key employees ......................................................................................................................................... 72

13.5 Company Profile: Sixt Rent a Car Russia .................................................................................................................................... 73

13.5.1 Sixt Rent a Car Russia – company overview .......................................................................................................................................... 73 13.5.2 Sixt Rent a Car Russia – main services and brands ............................................................................................................................... 73 13.5.3 Sixt Rent a Car Russia – key employees ............................................................................................................................................... 73

14 Company Profiles – Travel Intermediaries ........................................................................................... 74

14.1 Company Profile: Intourist VAO OAO .......................................................................................................................................... 74

14.1.1 Intourist VAO OAO – company overview ................................................................................................................................................ 74 14.1.2 Intourist VAO OAO – main services and brands ..................................................................................................................................... 74 14.1.3 Intourist VAO OAO – key employees ..................................................................................................................................................... 74

14.2 Company Profile: PEGAS Touristik OOO .................................................................................................................................... 75

14.2.1 PEGAS Touristik OOO – company overview .......................................................................................................................................... 75 14.2.2 PEGAS Touristik OOO – main services and brands ............................................................................................................................... 75

TABLE OF CONTENTS



14.2.3 PEGAS Touristik OOO – key employees ............................................................................................................................................... 75

14.3 Company Profile: Real Russia ..................................................................................................................................................... 76

14.3.1 Real Russia – company overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 76 14.3.2 Real Russia – main services and brands ............................................................................................................................................... 76 14.3.3 Real Russia – key employees ................................................................................................................................................................ 76

14.4 Company Profile: Go Travel Un Limited ....................................................................................................................................... 77

14.4.1 Go Travel Un Limited – company overview ............................................................................................................................................ 77 14.4.2 Go Travel Un Limited – main services and brands ................................................................................................................................. 77 14.4.3 Go Travel Un Limited – key employees .................................................................................................................................................. 77

14.5 Company Profile: Oktogo.ru ......................................................................................................................................................... 78

14.5.1 Oktogo.ru – company overview .............................................................................................................................................................. 78 14.5.2 Oktogo.ru – main services and brands ................................................................................................................................................... 78 14.5.3 Oktogo.ru – key employees.................................................................................................................................................................... 78

15 Market Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 79

15.1 Tourism Output ............................................................................................................................................................................ 79

15.1.1 Total tourism output ............................................................................................................................................................................... 79 15.1.2 Direct tourism output .............................................................................................................................................................................. 80 15.1.3 Indirect tourism output............................................................................................................................................................................ 81 15.1.4 Tourism output per employee ................................................................................................................................................................. 82 15.1.5 Direct tourism output per employee ........................................................................................................................................................ 83 15.1.6 Indirect tourism output per employee ..................................................................................................................................................... 84

15.2 Tourism Employment ................................................................................................................................................................... 85

15.2.1 Total tourism employment ...................................................................................................................................................................... 85 15.2.2 Direct tourism employment..................................................................................................................................................................... 86 15.2.3 Indirect tourism employment .................................................................................................................................................................. 87 15.2.4 Tourism employee compensation ........................................................................................................................................................... 88 15.2.5 Total gross income generated by total tourism employment ................................................................................................................... 89

15.3 Domestic Tourism ........................................................................................................................................................................ 90

15.3.1 Domestic trips by purpose of visit ........................................................................................................................................................... 90 15.3.2 Number of overnight stays – domestic trips ............................................................................................................................................ 91 15.3.3 Total domestic tourist expenditure .......................................................................................................................................................... 92 15.3.4 Average expenditure per domestic tourist by category ........................................................................................................................... 93

15.4 Inbound Tourism .......................................................................................................................................................................... 94

15.4.1 International arrivals by region ............................................................................................................................................................... 94 15.4.2 International arrivals by purpose of visit ................................................................................................................................................. 95 15.4.3 International arrivals by mode of transport.............................................................................................................................................. 96 15.4.4 Number of overnight stays – inbound trips ............................................................................................................................................. 97 15.4.5 Total inbound tourism expenditure by category ...................................................................................................................................... 98 15.4.6 Average international tourist expenditure by category ............................................................................................................................ 99

15.5 Outbound Tourism Flows ........................................................................................................................................................... 100

15.5.1 International departures by region ........................................................................................................................................................ 100 15.5.2 International departures by purpose of visit .......................................................................................................................................... 101 15.5.3 International departures by mode of transport ...................................................................................................................................... 102 15.5.4 Number of overnight stays – international trips ..................................................................................................................................... 103 15.5.5 Total outbound tourism expenditure by category .................................................................................................................................. 104 15.5.6 Average outbound expenditure per resident by category ...................................................................................................................... 105

15.6 Airlines ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 106

15.6.1 Seats available .................................................................................................................................................................................... 106 15.6.2 Seats sold by carrier type – business travel ......................................................................................................................................... 107 15.6.3 Seats sold by carrier type – leisure travel ............................................................................................................................................. 108 15.6.4 Load factor by carrier type ................................................................................................................................................................... 109 15.6.5 Passenger kilometers available by carrier type .................................................................................................................................... 110

TABLE OF CONTENTS



15.6.6 Revenue-generating passenger kilometers by carrier type ................................................................................................................... 111 15.6.7 Revenue per passenger by carrier type ................................................................................................................................................ 112 15.6.8 Total revenue by carrier type ................................................................................................................................................................ 113

15.7 Hotels ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 114

15.7.1 Establishments by hotel category ......................................................................................................................................................... 114 15.7.2 Available rooms by hotel category ........................................................................................................................................................ 115 15.7.3 Room occupancy rate by hotel category .............................................................................................................................................. 116 15.7.4 Room nights available by hotel category .............................................................................................................................................. 117 15.7.5 Room nights occupied by hotel category .............................................................................................................................................. 118 15.7.6 Average revenue per available room by hotel category ........................................................................................................................ 119 15.7.7 Revenue per occupied room by hotel category .................................................................................................................................... 120 15.7.8 Total revenue per available room by hotel category ............................................................................................................................. 121 15.7.9 Total revenue by hotel category and customer type ............................................................................................................................. 122 15.7.10 Guests by hotel category and customer type ........................................................................................................................................ 123

15.8 Car Rentals ................................................................................................................................................................................ 124

15.8.1 Market value by customer type and rental location ............................................................................................................................... 124 15.8.2 Fleet size ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 125 15.8.3 Rental occasions and days .................................................................................................................................................................. 126 15.8.4 Rental length ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 127 15.8.5 Average rental length ........................................................................................................................................................................... 127 15.8.6 Utilization rate ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 128 15.8.7 Average revenue per day ..................................................................................................................................................................... 129

15.9 Travel Intermediaries ................................................................................................................................................................. 130

15.9.1 Market value by product type ............................................................................................................................................................... 130 15.9.2 Online revenues by type of intermediary or provider ............................................................................................................................ 131 15.9.3 Online revenues by type of tourist ........................................................................................................................................................ 132 15.9.4 In-store revenues by type of intermediary ............................................................................................................................................ 133 15.9.5 In-store revenues by type of tourist ...................................................................................................................................................... 134 15.9.6 Travel agent revenues from domestic tourism by sales channel ........................................................................................................... 135 15.9.7 Travel agent revenues from international tourism by sales channel ...................................................................................................... 136 15.9.8 Tour operator revenues from domestic tourism, by sales channel ........................................................................................................ 137 15.9.9 Tour operator revenues from international tourism, by sales channel ................................................................................................... 138 15.9.10 Other intermediaries revenues from domestic tourism, by sales channel ............................................................................................. 139 15.9.11 Other intermediaries revenues from international tourism by sales channel ......................................................................................... 140

16 Appendix .............................................................................................................................................. 141

16.1 What is this Report About? ........................................................................................................................................................ 141

16.2 Definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................. 141

16.3 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................................. 147

16.4 Contact Travel & Tourism Intelligence Center ............................................................................................................................ 149

16.5 About Travel & Tourism Intelligence Center ............................................................................................................................... 149

16.6 Travel & Tourism Intelligence Center Services .......................................................................................................................... 149

16.7 Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................................................................. 150

LIST OF TABLES



LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Russia – Tourist Arrivals from Top 10 Countries (Thousand), 2009–2018 ......................................................................................................... 19 Table 2: Russia – Tourist Departures to Top10 Countries (Thousand), 2009–2018......................................................................................................... 21 Table 3: Russia – Top 10 Hotels (Volume), 2014 ............................................................................................................................................................ 34 Table 4: Federal Agency for Tourism (Rosturizm) – Key Facts and Locations ................................................................................................................. 42 Table 5: Domodedovo International Airport – Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 43 Table 6: Sheremetyevo International Airport – Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 43 Table 7: Pulkovo Airport – Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Table 8: Vnukovo International Airport – Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Table 9: Koltsovo Airport – Overview .............................................................................................................................................................................. 44 Table 10: Aeroflot OAO, Key Facts ................................................................................................................................................................................. 46 Table 11: Aeroflot OAO, Main Services and Brands ........................................................................................................................................................ 47 Table 12: Aeroflot OAO, History ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Table 13: Aeroflot OAO, Key Employees ........................................................................................................................................................................ 51 Table 14: UTair Aviakompaniya OAO, Key Facts ............................................................................................................................................................ 52 Table 15: UTair Aviakompaniya OAO, Main Services ..................................................................................................................................................... 53 Table 16: UTair Aviakompaniya OAO, History ................................................................................................................................................................ 53 Table 17: UTair Aviakompaniya OAO, Key Employees ................................................................................................................................................... 58 Table 18: JSC S7 Airlines, Key Facts .............................................................................................................................................................................. 59 Table 19: JSC S7 Airlines, Main Services ....................................................................................................................................................................... 59 Table 20: JSC S7 Airlines, Key Employees ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59 Table 21: Ural Airlines JSC, Key Facts ........................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Table 22: Ural Airlines JSC, Main Services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Table 23: Ural Airlines JSC, Key Employees ................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Table 24: Transaero Airlines OJSC, Key Facts ............................................................................................................................................................... 61 Table 25: Transaero Airlines OJSC, Main Services ......................................................................................................................................................... 61 Table 26: Transaero Airlines OJSC, Key Employees ...................................................................................................................................................... 62 Table 27: AMAKS Hotels & Resorts, Key Facts .............................................................................................................................................................. 63 Table 28: AMAKS Hotels & Resorts, Main Services ........................................................................................................................................................ 63 Table 29: AMAKS Hotels & Resorts, Key Employees ...................................................................................................................................................... 64 Table 30: Rezidor Hotel Group Russia, Key Facts .......................................................................................................................................................... 65 Table 31: Rezidor Hotel Group Russia, Main Services .................................................................................................................................................... 65 Table 32: Rezidor Hotel Group Russia, Key Employees ................................................................................................................................................. 65 Table 33: Intourist Hotel Group Management Company, Key Facts ................................................................................................................................ 66 Table 34: Intourist Hotel Group Management Company, Main Services and Brands ....................................................................................................... 66 Table 35: Intourist Hotel Group Management Company, Key Employees ....................................................................................................................... 66 Table 36: AZIMUT Hotels Company, Key Facts .............................................................................................................................................................. 67 Table 37: AZIMUT Hotels Company, Main Services and Brands ..................................................................................................................................... 67 Table 38: AZIMUT Hotels Company, Key Employees ..................................................................................................................................................... 67 Table 39: Marriott Hotels Russia, Key Facts ................................................................................................................................................................... 68 Table 40: Marriott Hotels Russia, Main Services and Brands .......................................................................................................................................... 68 Table 41: Marriott Hotels Russia, Key Employees ........................................................................................................................................................... 68 Table 42: Europcar Russia, Key Facts ............................................................................................................................................................................ 69 Table 43: Europcar Russia, Main Services ...................................................................................................................................................................... 69 Table 44: Europcar Russia, Key Employees ................................................................................................................................................................... 69 Table 45: Hertz Russia, Key Facts .................................................................................................................................................................................. 70 Table 46: Hertz Russia, Main Services And Brands ........................................................................................................................................................ 70 Table 47: Hertz Russia, Key Employees ......................................................................................................................................................................... 70 Table 48: Avis Car Rental Russia, Key Facts .................................................................................................................................................................. 71 Table 49: Avis Car Rental Russia, Main Services And Brands ........................................................................................................................................ 71 Table 50: Avis Car Rental Russia, Key Employees ......................................................................................................................................................... 71 Table 51: National Car Rental Russia, Key Facts ............................................................................................................................................................ 72 Table 52: National Car Rental Russia, Main Services And Brands .................................................................................................................................. 72 Table 53: National Car Rental Russia, Key Employees ................................................................................................................................................... 72 Table 54: Sixt Rent a Car Russia, Key Facts .................................................................................................................................................................. 73 Table 55: Sixt Rent a Car Russia, Main Services And Brands ......................................................................................................................................... 73 Table 56: Sixt Rent a Car Russia, Key Employees .......................................................................................................................................................... 73 Table 57: Intourist VAO OAO, Key Facts ........................................................................................................................................................................ 74 Table 58: Intourist VAO OAO, Main Services and Brands ............................................................................................................................................... 74 Table 59: Intourist VAO OAO, Key Employees................................................................................................................................................................ 74 Table 60: PEGAS Touristik OOO, Key Facts .................................................................................................................................................................. 75 Table 61: PEGAS Touristik OOO, Main Services and Brands ......................................................................................................................................... 75 Table 62: PEGAS Touristik OOO, Key Employees .......................................................................................................................................................... 75 Table 63: Real Russia, Key Facts ................................................................................................................................................................................... 76 Table 64: Real Russia, Main Services and Brands .......................................................................................................................................................... 76 Table 65: Real Russia, Key Employees .......................................................................................................................................................................... 76 Table 66: Go Travel Un Limited, Key Facts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 77

LIST OF TABLES



Table 67: Go Travel Un Limited, Main Services and Brands ........................................................................................................................................... 77 Table 68: Go Travel Un Limited, Key Employees ............................................................................................................................................................ 77 Table 69: Oktogo.ru, Key Facts....................................................................................................................................................................................... 78 Table 70: Oktogo.ru, Main Services and Brands ............................................................................................................................................................. 78 Table 71: Oktogo.ru, Key Employees .............................................................................................................................................................................. 78 Table 72: Russia – Total Tourism Output by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................................... 79 Table 73: Russia – Direct Tourism Output by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 .......................................................................................................... 80 Table 74: Russia – Indirect Tourism Output by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................................ 81 Table 75: Russia – Total Tourism Output Generated per Employee by Category (RUB Thousand), 2009–2018 ............................................................. 82 Table 76: Russia – Direct Tourism Output Generated per Employee by Category (RUB Thousand), 2009–2018 ............................................................ 83 Table 77: Russia – Indirect Tourism Output Generated per Employee by Category (RUB Thousand), 2009–2018 ......................................................... 84 Table 78: Russia – Total Tourism Employment by Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 ..................................................................................................... 85 Table 79: Russia – Total Tourism Employment as a Percentage of Total Employment by Category (%), 2009–2018 ..................................................... 85 Table 80: Russia – Direct Tourism Employment by Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................... 86 Table 81: Russia – Direct Tourism Employment as a Percentage of Total Employment by Category (%), 2009–2018 .................................................... 86 Table 82: Russia – Indirect Tourism Employment by Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................. 87 Table 83: Russia – Indirect Tourism Employment as a Percentage of Total Employment by Category (%), 2009–2018 .................................................. 87 Table 84: Russia – Average Salary per Employee by Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................................ 88 Table 85: Russia – Total Gross Income Generated by Total Tourism Employment by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ............................................. 89 Table 86: Russia – Number of Trips by Purpose (Million), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................................ 90 Table 87: Russia – Overnight Stays (Million), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................................................... 91 Table 88: Russia – Total Domestic Tourism Expenditure by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 .................................................................................... 92 Table 89: Russia – Average Expenditure per Domestic Tourist by Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ..................................................................................... 93 Table 90: Russia – International Arrivals by Region (Thousand), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................................. 94 Table 91: Russia – International Arrivals by Purpose of Visit (Thousand), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................... 95 Table 92: Russia – International Arrivals by Mode of Transport (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................ 96 Table 93: Russia – Overnight Stays (Million), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................................................... 97 Table 94: Russia – Total Inbound Tourism Expenditure by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ...................................................................................... 98 Table 95: Russia – Average Expenditure per Inbound Tourist by Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ....................................................................................... 99 Table 96: Russia – International Departures by Region (Thousand), 2009–2018 .......................................................................................................... 100 Table 97: Russia – International Departures by Purpose of Visit (Thousand), 2009–2018............................................................................................. 101 Table 98: Russia – International Departures by Mode of Transport (Thousand), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................ 102 Table 99: Russia – Overnight Stays (Million), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................................................. 103 Table 100: Russia – Total Outbound Tourism Expenditure by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ............................................................................... 104 Table 101: Russia – Average Outbound Expenditure per Resident by Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ............................................................................. 105 Table 102: Russia – Seats Available by Carrier Type (Thousand), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................. 106 Table 103: Russia – Seats Sold by Carrier Type – Business Travel (Thousand), 2009–2018 ....................................................................................... 107 Table 104: Russia – Seats Sold by Carrier Type – Leisure Travel (Thousand), 2009–2018 .......................................................................................... 108 Table 105: Russia – Load Factor by Carrier Type (%), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................................... 109 Table 106: Russia – Passenger Kilometers Available by Carrier Type (Million), 2009–2018 ......................................................................................... 110 Table 107: Russia – Revenue Generating Passenger Kilometers by Carrier Type (Million), 2009–2018 ....................................................................... 111 Table 108: Russia – Revenue per Passenger by Carrier Type (RUB), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................................ 112 Table 109: Russia – Total Revenue by Carrier Type (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................ 113 Table 110: Russia – Establishments by Category (Actual), 2009–2018 ......................................................................................................................... 114 Table 111: Russia – Available Hotel Rooms by Hotel Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 .............................................................................................. 115 Table 112: Russia – Room Occupancy Rate by Hotel Category (%), 2009–2018 .......................................................................................................... 116 Table 113: Russia – Room Nights Available by Hotel Category (Million), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................... 117 Table 114: Russia – Room Nights Occupied by Hotel Category (Million), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................... 118 Table 115: Russia – Average Revenue per Available Room by Hotel Category (RUB), 2009–2018 .............................................................................. 119 Table 116: Russia – Revenue per Occupied Room by Hotel Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................... 120 Table 117: Russia – Total Revenue Per Available Room by Hotel Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ................................................................................... 121 Table 118: Russia – Total Revenue by Hotel Category and Customer Type (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ......................................................................... 122 Table 119: Russia – Guests by Hotel Category and Customer Type (Thousand), 2009–2018....................................................................................... 123 Table 120: Russia – Market Value by Customer Type and Rental Location (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ......................................................................... 124 Table 121: Russia – Fleet Size (Actual), 2009–2018 ..................................................................................................................................................... 125 Table 122: Russia – Rental Occasions (Thousands), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................................. 126 Table 123: Russia – Rental Days (Million), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................................................. 127 Table 124: Russia – Average Rental Length (Days), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................................................. 127 Table 125: Russia – Market Utilization Rate (%), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................................................................ 128 Table 126: Russia – Car Rental Average Revenue per Day (RUB), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................ 129 Table 127: Russia – Travel Intermediaries Market Value by Product Type (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ........................................................................... 130 Table 128: Russia – Travel Intermediaries Online Revenues by Provider (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ............................................................................ 131 Table 129: Russia – Travel Intermediaries Online Revenues by Type of Tourist (RUB Million), 2009–2018 .................................................................. 132 Table 130: Russia – Travel Intermediaries In-Store Revenues by Provider (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 .......................................................................... 133 Table 131: Russia – Travel Intermediaries In-Store Revenues by Type of Tourist (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ................................................................ 134 Table 132: Russia – Travel Agent Revenues from Domestic Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ..................................................... 135 Table 133: Russia – Travel Agent Revenues from International Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ................................................. 136 Table 134: Russia – Tour Operator Revenues from Domestic Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ................................................... 137 Table 135: Russia – Tour Operator Revenues from International Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018............................................... 138

LIST OF TABLES



Table 136: Russia – Other Intermediaries Revenues from Domestic Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ......................................... 139 Table 137: Russia – Other Intermediaries Revenues from International Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ..................................... 140 Table 138: Travel &Tourism IC –Travel and Tourism Sector Definitions ........................................................................................................................ 141

LIST OF FIGURES



LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Russia – Tourism Expenditure (US$ Million), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2: Russia – Key Ratios(%), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................................................................................. 3

Figure 3: Russia – Domestic Tourism Expenditure (RUB Million), 2009–2018................................................................................................................. 17

Figure 4: Russia– International Arrivals by Mode of Transport (%), 2009 and 2013......................................................................................................... 18

Figure 5: Visa Policy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 6: Russia – International Departures by Purpose of Visit (Thousands), 2009–2018 .............................................................................................. 20

Figure 7: Visa Requirements for Russian Citizens .......................................................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 8: Russia – Number of Trips by Purpose (Thousand), 2009–2018 ....................................................................................................................... 25

Figure 9: Russia– International Departures by Mode of Transport (%),2018 ................................................................................................................... 26

Figure 10: Russia – Seats Available by Carrier Type (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................ 27

Figure 11: Russia – Passenger Airlines: Company Market Share by Volume (%), 2012 and 2013 .................................................................................. 30

Figure 12: Russia – Seats Sold vs Seats Available (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 13: Russia – Average Revenue per Room(US$), 2013 ........................................................................................................................................ 32

Figure 14: Russia – Total Hotel Revenue (RUB Million), 2009–2018............................................................................................................................... 35

Figure 15: Russia – Car Rental Value by Location (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................. 36

Figure 16: Russia – Average Revenue per Day (RUB), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................................ 38

Figure 17: Russia – Travel Intermediaries Market Value by Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ..................................................................................... 39

Figure 18: Russia – Travel Intermediaries Market Value by Product Type (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 .............................................................................. 41

Figure 19: Russia – Total Tourism Output by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 .......................................................................................................... 79

Figure 20: Russia – Direct Tourism Output by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ......................................................................................................... 80

Figure 21: Russia – Indirect Tourism Output by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ....................................................................................................... 81

Figure 22: Russia – Total Tourism Output Generated per Employee by Category (RUB Thousand), 2009–2018 ............................................................ 82

Figure 23: Russia – Direct Tourism Output Generated per Employee by Category (RUB Thousand), 2009–2018 .......................................................... 83

Figure 24: Russia – Indirect Tourism Output Generated per Employee by Category (RUB Thousand), 2009–2018 ........................................................ 84

Figure 25: Russia – Total Tourism Employment by Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................... 85

Figure 26: Russia – Direct Tourism Employment by Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................. 86

Figure 27: Russia – Indirect Tourism Employment by Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................ 87

Figure 28: Russia – Average Salary per Employee by Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ....................................................................................................... 88

Figure 29: Russia – Total Gross Income Generated by Total Tourism Employment by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ........................................... 89

Figure 30: Russia – Number of Trips by Purpose (Million), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................................................... 90

Figure 31: Russia – Overnight Stays (Million), 2009–2018 .............................................................................................................................................. 91

Figure 32: Russia – Total Domestic Tourism Expenditure by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 .................................................................................. 92

Figure 33: Russia – Average Expenditure per Domestic Tourist by Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ................................................................................... 93

Figure 34: Russia – International Arrivals by Region (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................ 94

Figure 35: Russia – International Arrivals by Purpose of Visit (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................... 95

Figure 36: Russia – International Arrivals by Mode of Visit (Thousand), 2009–2018 ....................................................................................................... 96

Figure 37: Russia – Overnight Stays (Million), 2009–2018 .............................................................................................................................................. 97

Figure 38: Russia – Total Inbound Tourism Expenditure by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 .................................................................................... 98

Figure 39: Russia – Average Expenditure per Inbound Tourist by Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ..................................................................................... 99

Figure 40: Russia – International Departures by Region (Thousand), 2009–2018 ......................................................................................................... 100

Figure 41: Russia – International Departures by Purpose of Visit (Thousand), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................... 101

Figure 42: Russia – International Departures by Mode of Visit (Thousand), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................ 102

Figure 43: Russia – Overnight Stays (Million), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................................................ 103

Figure 44: Russia– Total Outbound Tourism Expenditure by Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ................................................................................. 104

Figure 45: Russia – Average Outbound Expenditure per Resident by Category (RUB), 2009–2018.............................................................................. 105

Figure 46: Russia – Seats Available by Carrier Type (Thousand), 2009–2018 .............................................................................................................. 106

Figure 47: Russia – Seats Sold by Carrier Type – Business Travel (Thousand), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................ 107

Figure 48: Russia – Seats Sold by Carrier Type – Leisure Travel (Thousand), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................... 108

Figure 49: Russia – Load Factor by Carrier Type (%), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................................ 109

Figure 50: Russia – Passenger Kilometers Available by Carrier Type (Million), 2009–2018 .......................................................................................... 110

Figure 51: Russia – Revenue Generating Passenger Kilometers by Carrier Type (Million), 2009–2018 ........................................................................ 111

Figure 52: Russia – Revenue per Passenger by Carrier Type (RUB), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................................ 112

Figure 53: Russia – Total Revenue by Carrier Type (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................. 113

Figure 54: Russia – Establishments by Category (Actual), 2009–2018 ......................................................................................................................... 114

Figure 55: Russia – Available Hotel Rooms by Hotel Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................... 115

Figure 56: Russia – Room Occupancy Rate by Hotel Category (%), 2009–2018 .......................................................................................................... 116

Figure 57: Russia – Room Nights Available by Hotel Category (Million), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................... 117

Figure 58: Russia – Room Nights Occupied by Hotel Category (Million), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................... 118

Figure 59: Russia – Average Revenue per Available Room by Hotel Category (RUB), 2009–2018 ............................................................................... 119

Figure 60: Russia – Revenue per Occupied Room (RUB), 2009–2018 ......................................................................................................................... 120

Figure 61: Russia – Total Revenue per Available Room (RUB), 2009–2018 ................................................................................................................. 121

Figure 62: Russia – Total Revenue by Hotel Category (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ......................................................................................................... 122

Figure 63: Russia – Guests by Hotel Category (Thousand), 2009–2018 ....................................................................................................................... 123

Figure 64: Russia – Market Value by Customer Type and Rental Location (RUB Million), 2009–2018 .......................................................................... 124

Figure 65: Russia – Fleet Size (Actual), 2009–2018...................................................................................................................................................... 125

LIST OF FIGURES



Figure 66: Russia – Rental Occasions (Thousands), 2009–2018 .................................................................................................................................. 126

Figure 67: Russia – Rental Days (Million), vs Average Rental Length (Days), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................ 127

Figure 68: Russia – Market Utilization Rate (%), 2009–2018 ........................................................................................................................................ 128

Figure 69: Russia – Car Rental Average Revenue per Day (RUB), 2009–2018 ............................................................................................................ 129

Figure 70: Russia – Travel Intermediaries Market Value by Product Type (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ........................................................................... 130

Figure 71: Russia – Travel Intermediaries Online Revenues by Provider (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ............................................................................. 131

Figure 72: Russia – Travel Intermediaries Online Revenues by Type of Tourist (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ................................................................... 132

Figure 73: Russia – Travel Intermediaries In-Store Revenues by Provider (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ........................................................................... 133

Figure 74: Russia – Travel Intermediaries In-Store Revenues by Type of Tourist (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 ................................................................. 134

Figure 75: Russia – Travel Agent Revenues from Domestic Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ...................................................... 135

Figure 76: Russia – Travel Agent Revenues from International Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Billion), 2009–2018 .................................................. 136

Figure 77: Russia – Tour Operator Revenues from Domestic Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 .................................................... 137

Figure 78: Russia – Tour Operator Revenues from International Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ............................................... 138

Figure 79: Russia – Other Intermediaries Revenues from Domestic Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 .......................................... 139

Figure 80: Russia – Other Intermediaries Revenues from International Tourism by Sales Channel (RUB Million), 2009–2018 ..................................... 140

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