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University of Hail //College of Engineering

Transportation Engineering lab Dr. Hatem Gasmi

Laboratory Manual

CE 343

Transportation Engineering Lab

Dr Hatem Gasmi

University of Hail

Department of Civil Engineering



Table of Contents

Sr.

No. Practical Description

1 Traffic Study With Statistical Technique

2 Control in Traffic Engineering

3 Spot Speed Study

4 Surfer Software: contouring and 3D surface mapping program

5 Traffic Study with Saturation Flow Rate

6 Timing signalized intersection Study

7 Intersection Channelization

8 Topographic profile practice

9 Geometric Design of Highways: Horizontal Alignment

10 Geometric Design of Highways : Vertical Curves

11 Geological Cross cutting

12 ROCKWORKS Software : stratigraphy and

geological correlation



Unit 1: Traffic study with Statistical technique



1.4.2

1.4.3

1.4.4



Unit 2: Control in Traffic Engineering



Unit 3: Spot Speed Study



Unit 4: Surfer Software: contouring and 3D

surface mapping program

1. Objective:

Realization of topographic maps - using a computer tool software SURFER.

Be able to use software to make the topographic and geological maps and cross sections

to determination of the amount of earthwork needed to construct a given roadway.

2. Presentation:

SURFER software uses and generates several types of files:

1. File XYZ data: (* .dat) contains the coordinates data of different points. By default :

2. GRID (* .grd): file contains the coordinates of points of a grid generated from the

data file according to a user defined spacing



3. PLOT file represent.

curves isovalues ( contour lines) based on the grid generated in the previous

step

or the actual relief (3D)

Contour lines

3D Reliefs

4. Generate report at the end from the constitution of the grid: this report contains

statistical information about the data (min x, min y, min z, max x, max y, max z ...),

correlation between X and Y, X and Z, X and Y and the data on the generated grid.



3. Example Problems:

1. Know Your Surfer Environment

a) Generation of grid

2. Opening the supplied data file

3. Generation of the grid: change the spacing between grid lines according to X and Y.

4. Save the report file under "project x.txt"

5. Review the generated report: in particular the lowest point, the highest point?

6. Opening of the grid file

7. Export the grid in jpg (grillex.jpg)

b) Topographic Map

8. Draw the contour lines

9. Add and change colors

10. Change equidistance 10m.

11. Insert the geographic north and indicate the highest point with a symbol

12. Put the master curves in bold

13. Put the title (Project X) and your names on the chart

14. Add the points relating to data on the same graph

15. Export topographic map in jpg (topox.jpg)

c) 3D Relief

16. Draw 3D terrain from the grid

17. Add and change colors

18. Change the relief view angle

19. Please indicate the highest point with a symbol



20. Add the contours of equal altitudes (same Z)

21. Put on the same graph the two maps (2D and 3D) setting for both, the same orientation.

Asked work

Write a MS Word report in which you describe the procedure and (s) result (s) for each item

2-21.

Put in the report all figures obtained, indicate: name, group and project number.



Unit 5: Traffic Study with Saturation Flow Rate



Unit 6: Timing signalized intersection Study



Unit 7: Intersection Channelization



Unit 8: Topographic mac profile practice

1. Objective:

Knowledge of topographic map or contour map:

o Fundamentals of the card.

o Topographic mac profile practice

o Method of Use.

2. Presentation:

Topographic map helps to locate, orient, but also to represent the relief.

o Markings, hydrographic network shown in blue; vegetation shown in green;

planimetry, construction, place names shown in black; orography (relief

representation shown in sepia.

o Scale: Length measured on the map / horizontal length measured on the ground.

o Location:

- geographic coordinates or longitude and latitude angle from a prime

meridian and the equator (Fig. 1);

- rectangular coordinates or Lambert coordinates (Fig. 2 and 3).

o Orientation: magnetic north; geographic North; grid north.

o relief Representation: 'Contours = locus of points of the topographic surface of

the same altitude; = Intersection between a horizontal plane and the topographic

surface (Fig. 4);

o Equidistance (e) = difference in altitude between two contours.

Figure 1. Geographical coordinates



Figure 2. Reconstitution of grid Lambert

Figure 3. Contours and equidistance

H1, H2, H3 horizontal planes

e: contour interval (constant distance between the planes H)

1, 2, 3 intersections of the topographic surface with Hl, H2, H3

(contours in space)

P: map plan

1 ', 2', 3 ': projection 1, 2, 3 of the plane of the card (=> contour

lines on the map)



3. Topographic profile:

Profile = representation in a vertical plane of the topographic surface (Fig. 5).

Method:

o The profile is made first on graph paper. The profile is then completed reported

properly on a layer with a black rotring or a pencil (2H). For this type of work,

presentation and care of the design are important (Fig. 6).

o Observe the map around section line to provide an initial understanding of relief.

o Apply the sheet of graph paper against the section line. Projecting points of

intersection between the section line and contour.

o Draw the profile progressively by connecting points.

Figure 4. Principle of executing a topographic profile AB: section line

4. Example Problems:

For map extracts attached (1/25 000 scale):

• Calculate the contour interval. • Draw the profile on graph paper

(=> contour lines on the map)



Unit 9: Geometric Design of Highways: Horizontal

Alignment



Unit 10: Geometric Design of Highways: Vertical

Curves



Unit 11: Geological Cross cutting

1. geological cross section pleated structure

a. The major types of structures, definitions:

• Horizontal structure: not deformed structure. The superposition principle can then be applied: when two layers are superimposed, the higher is

the latest.

• Monoclinale Structure: set of layers with the same direction dips to a certain extent. • Pleated Structure: set of layers with varying dips, directed in different directions (Figure1).

Figure 1: anticline and syncline

1: axis of the anticline; 2: Peri-anticlinal termination; 3: Heart of the anticline; 4: synclinal axis;

5: peri-synclinal termination.

Anticline pleat = with the concavity facing the oldest layers, ie, the oldest layers are at the center

of the structure.

Synclinal pleat = whose concavity faces the most recent layers, ie, the most recent layers are at

the center of the structure.



b. Exercise 1

Realize the cut below, where:

- The layers are deposited in chronological order J1, J2, .... J5

- J5 = 250m (maximum), J3 = 200m (hard limestone layer) and J2 = 225 (A soft clay layer)

2. geological cross section faulted structure

a. The major types of structures, definitions:

normal fault: direct fault: indicates a horizontal extension; a layer offset by the fault lack

certain vertical)

inverse Faille: indicates a horizontal shortening; a layer offset by the fault is repeated

twice on certain vertical.



b. Exercise 2

Make the cut A'A (freehand without using the ruler, compass or rapporteur)

It gives the following information:

- Scale: length: 1 / 50,000

Height: 1 / 50,000

- The topography will conform to the given profile

- Thickness of the land (from youngest to oldest)

C6:?

C5: 200m

C4:?

C3:?

C2: 250m (hard clay layer)

C1: 500m (soft clay layer)

The thicknesses of the C3 and C5 land can be deduced from the reading of the card.

- The F flaw is vertical



Unit 12: ROCKWORKS Software

Stratigraphy and geological correlation

1. Purpose:

Realization of geological sections and stratigraphic logs - use of ROCKWORKS

software.

2. Presentation:

RockWorks software is based on two main files:

- template file (* .tem) used to organize a data sheet (titles and types columns) and

to establish a correspondence between the names of the geological formations

encountered and the figures (styles, colors) to be used in the realization logs and

geological sections.



- data file (* .atd) that contains all the data. This file can contain up to 49 columns

(corresponding to different polling parameters) and an unlimited number of rows

(corresponding to different polls).

From these two files, RockWorks can help:

- Establish topographic maps and 3D reliefs

- Calculate volumes of materials and mineral reserves

- Create stratigraphic logs, field cross sections and stratigraphic models

- Create solid models and block diagrams

- Statistically analyze survey data

- Exploit hydrological data

- Analyze 2D and 3D directional data

- Draw and manipulate maps and diagrams (RockPlot tool)

3. Creating stratigraphic logs

The logs illustrate the information collected from each poll taken individually

(corresponding to the different lines of the data file). The log can contain a variety



of elements. In this part of the TP, we will start by building a simple log that

illustrates the stratigraphy using fill models, displays their names, and includes a

title and a color scale. In a second step, logs will be constructed from interpreted

stratigraphic data, observed lithological data and histograms.

4. Creation of basement sections

The purpose of this part is to establish a cross section from several surveys.

RockWorks offers the opportunity to do a cross-sectional survey-by-survey (non-

projected section) that may include the stratigraphic logs themselves, stratigraphic

correlation panels, and annotation of boundary coasts.



RockWorks build the cross section from left to right in the selection order of the

polls. The program reads selected survey data and builds individual logs based on

the options selected in the stratigraphic log drawing window. The complete cross-

section will be displayed on the screen.



5. Creating 3D field slices

The construction of the 3D section is very similar to that of the cross sections.

They may include the individual stratigraphic logs themselves as they may contain

stratigraphic correlations. The reference coordinates of the perimeter can be

plotted.

The program determines the location of polls from the data sheet and displays a

map of their locations on the screen.

Then the program reads the selected survey data and builds the correlations

between them as requested. It finally fills the correlation intervals with the

stratigraphic model and the colors according to what has been predefined in the

template file.

The full 3D cut will be displayed on the screen in a new RockPlot window.



6. Creating stratigraphic diagrams

The stratigraphic logs, cross sections, and 3D sections created so far in this lab

represent the locations of the stratigraphic layers described in the main data sheet.

In the stratigraphic logs, we draw the stratigraphy of only one survey at a time. In

cross sections and 3D sections, two or more holes are drawn at a time.

In cross-sections and 3D slices, these drill holes can be connected with correlation

panels that fill the gaps between surveys by a simple connection between points.

Stratigraphic block diagrams are another way to represent the stratigraphy of your

entire study area. They are totally different from stratigraphic logs, cross-sections,

and 3D slices as they fill the voids between surveys by creating surface models of

each stratigraphic layer, and thus stack these patterns from bottom to top.



Surface models are created using a "grid" method. The 2D grid models are then

stacked to produce a 3D stratigraphic model. This model can then be displayed as a

block diagram.

7. Exercises

Create a directory the "samples" directory. All created files must be saved in this

folder.

1. Creating data files

1. Create a template file using the survey data you have

2. Create the data file (* .atd) based on the polls provided

3. Create ancillary files (curve and histogram files)

2. Creation of stratigraphic logs

4. Create stratigraphic logs from core holes

5. Create histograms and variation curves from the polls

pressuremeter

6. Export the four logs corresponding to the four polls provided in jpeg

format (* .jpg)



3. Creation of transverse geological sections

7. Create geological sections from the 4 stratigraphic logs

8. Export the drawing as a jpeg (* .jpg)

4. Creation of 3D geological sections

9. Create 3D slices from the 4 stratigraphic logs

10. Export drawing as jpeg (* .jpg)

5. Creating stratigraphic diagrams

11. Create the stratigraphic model (* .mod)

12. Create the stratigraphic diagram

13. Export drawing as jpeg (* .jpg)

Required work

Write a MS Word report in which you describe the procedure and the result (s) of

each of the points 1 to 13.

The reports are to be submitted on paper, obligatorily next week.

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