transportation and tolling applications using rfidbusiness.baylor.edu/pedro_reyes/rfid symposium...
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. John Walewski
Center for Transportation Research, University of Texas at Austin
RFID Applications for Tolling and Congestion Management
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efficiency and interoperability
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• $200 Billion per year
• Decreased fuel efficiency & air quality
• Increased costs of consumer goods
• Time, time, precious time
• Supply chain impacts:
– Diminishes productivity
– Increases transportation costs
Traffic Congestion
Source: “USDOT Congestion Initiative”, Federal Highway Administration, 07/2007
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Congestion Sources
“USDOT Congestion Initiative”, Federal Highway Administration, 07/2007
Capacity
Constrained
40%
Traffic Incidents
25%
Work Zones
10%
Bad Weather
15%
Poor Signal
Timing
5%
Special Events
5%
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TxDOT Mission, Vision, and, Policy:
“safe, effective, and efficient movement of
people and freight”.
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Houston Toll Roads
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Trans-Texas Corridor – ORT Concept
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Candidate Toll Projects by District/TTCTxDOT District Total Number of Projects Project Total Cost ($ est.)
Atlanta 1 340,460,000
Austin 8 2,046,000,000
Beaumont 1 173,570,000
Bryan 2 549,912,000
Corpus Christi 7 2,027,000,000
Dallas 16 18,723,878,000
El Paso 12 2,184,024,771
Fort Worth 10 3,924,527,000
Houston 4 8,013,000,000
Laredo 3 564,600,000
Pharr 9 2,024,000,000
San Antonio 7 5,760,000,000
Tyler 2 288,496,520
Yoakum 1 324,000,000
TTC 4 9,010,000,000
Total 87 $ 55,953,468,291
Source: “Initiating the Toll Partnering Process”, SB792, 06/2007
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Candidate Toll Projects
“Initiating the Toll Partnering Process”, SB792, 06/2007
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Electronic Tolling Systems
• Purpose: Drive through without stopping or scrambling for cash
• System Components:1. Transponder
– Programmable
– Power source
2. Lane antenna
3. Lane controller
4. Host computer system
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Transponder Types
• Type I: No processing capabilities– information is read only
– hard-wired id number
• Type II: Updateable area to encode information– time and point of entry
• Type III: Microprocessor enabled - smart” tags Communicate to roadside or overhead sensors
– account balance
– driver and vehicle information
– location
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Transponder Types (cont)
• Passive: No internal power supply– Incoming radio frequency signals detected by antennae
– Signal powers up tag
– Limited data storage
• Semi-Passive: Battery power– Respond faster
– Stronger signal
– More data storage
• Active: Connected to vehicle power source– Store more information
– Receive and store information sent by roadside units
– Much greater range
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Electronic Toll Collection
Other Benefits:
• Eliminates costs
• Limits revenue leakage
• Reduces safety concerns
• Interoperability
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Issues
• Supply chain and freight impacts
• Big Brother and privacy concerns
• Infrastructure capacity
• Interoperability
• Technology
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Supply Chain Impacts Freight Growth
• Freight shaped by globalization of
production and logistics
• System performance challenges tougher
as capacity lags demand
• Public sector infrastructure challenges
impact the economy
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Truck Transportation Supply Chain
Changes with RFID Applications
• New mileage-based or ton-mileage fees
• More toll roads / truck-only lanes
• Tighter emissions limits
• New (e.g. carbon) taxes, and user fees
• Further workforce regulations
• Higher productivity equipment
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Proposed Privacy Legislation
• Notice and consent to collect personal information
• Information relevant to services provided
• Protect individuals' rights to move without being tracked
• Security of electronic transactions
• Protect personal information
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Future Applications and Research
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Cordon Pricing
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Additional Future Applications
• Automated crash notification system• Enterprise call box – OnStar on steroids
• Electronic vehicle registration
• Vehicle-to-vehicle communication
• Vehicle to roadside communication
• Odometer tolling
• Vehicle positioning systems• Satellite tolling
• Cell phone tolling
• More in-vehicle features• RFID
• GPS
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Automated Crash Notification Systems
• 433 MHz RFID tag with vibration sensor
• Attached to guardrails, signs, etc.
• Detects crashes into tagged roadside objects
• vibration sensor activates the tag
• Proprietary protocol transmits ID
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Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII)
• Public/Private partnership
• vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-infrastructure
communications – wireless network
• Dedicated Short Range Communication
• coordinated deployments of communication
technologies
• On all major U.S. roadways
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Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII)
• Warning drivers of unsafe conditions, imminent
collisions, weather, congestion
• Proof-of-concept – Detroit 2006 and 2007
• Privacy issues
• On-board computers and data
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Source: OnStar Corp.
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Odometer Tolling
• Oregon pilot program– Distance based charge 1.2 a mile
– RFID equipped pump subtract gas tax adds mileage charge
– Track rush hour driving in congestion zone
– GIS monitors out of state travel
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John Walewski, Ph.D.Austin IAC Program Manager
Center for Transportation Research
University of Texas at Austin
512-786-9345