transport and health (physical activity)
DESCRIPTION
By Enrique Jacoby. Presented at Day One of Transforming Transportation 2010. Washington, D.C. January 14, 2010. www.transformingtransportation2010.orgTRANSCRIPT
Transport and Health (Physical Activity)
Enrique R. Jacoby PAHO/WHO
IV Congreso de Transporte Sustentable Ciudad de Mexico, 27-29 octubre 2008
LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS
WALKING & BIKING TRIPS
Proximity and Connectivity
Urban Density (Residents/Ha)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
AtlantaNYC
PerthVancouver
ZurichMunich
BangkokTokyo
S PauloCuritibaH KongKrakowBogota
ShangaiHo Chi Min
Kenworthy and Laube, Murdoch University, Australia
Daily Walking or Biking Trips (%)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
AtlantaNYC
PerthVancouver
ZurichMunich
BangkokTokyo
S PauloCuritibaH KongKrakowBogota
ShangaiHo Chi Min
Kenworthy and Laube, Murdoch University, Australia
50 liters of gas / year
3,000 liters gas / year
LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS
WALKING & BIKING TRIPS
LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS
Less Chronic Diseases
WALKING & BIKING TRIPS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
30 minutes a day or 150 minutes a week of moderate physical activity
45% Colombians are physically active
45% Colombians are physically active
36%
Colombian National Nutrition Survey, 2005
45% Colombians are physically active
36%
9%
Colombian National Nutrition Survey, 2005
LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESIS
Less Chronic Diseases
WALKING & BIKING TRIPS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
?
LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS
Less Chronic Diseases
WALKING & BIKING FOR
TRANSPORT
AB
Commuter Walking and Biking studies have shown to:
• Reduce all cause mortality (Anderson et. al., 2000)
• Improve cardio fitness with trips 3Km/d/4 days-week (Hendriksen, 2000; P. Oja, 98)
• Reduce the risk of colon CA and breast CA in women (Matthews, 2007)
• Be associated with reduced obesity (Bessett, 2008; Wen & Rissel, 2008)
• A 31% reduction in CVD risk and 32% reduction in all-cause mortality in a meta-analysis of 18 walking studies (Hamer and Chida, 2008)
Influence of Walking, Cycling
and Utilitarian P.A. on Mortality,
Shangai, China
Mattews CE, Jurj A, Xiao-ou Shu et. Al. Am J Epi, 2007
0
10
20
30
40
50
Lowest Some Medium High
Mattews CE, Jurj A, Xiao-ou Shu et. Al. Am J Epi, 2007
P Trend = 0.000
Independent protective effects of all utilitarian activities on mortality risk,
Shangai, China
Physical Activity Dose (MET hrs/day)
Pro
tect
ive
Eff
ect
Policy Issues
LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESIS
Less Chronic Diseases
WALKING & BIKING
P.A.
Air Quality & ↓GHG
Road Safety
Social cohesion
“I have found that, in most but not all cases, the best ethical and environmental choices also happen to be the best choices for our health ─very good news indeed.”
Michael Pollan, In Defense of Food
TransportPublic Health Sustainable Development
Transport
Public HealthSustainable Development
Human MobilityTOD
Transport
Public HealthSustainable Development
Power to redefine and create new markets
Transport
Public Health
Climate Change
Sustainable Development