Translation

Catalyst: Where is DNA found? Where is RNA found?

Why do we need RNA? Convert this strand of DNA into RNA.GACATTCAGAACAAGWrite in complete sentences!

Don’t talk during the Catalyst!

Objectives

By the end of today, SWBAT…

Describe how RNA is translated into protein.

Central Dogma

DNA

RNA

Protein

Transcription

Translation

What the heck is going on in this picture?

Base Pairing

RNAlovesU

USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY DNA COPY

A A G

T T C A A G C A A T C G

T T C G T T A G C

USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY DNA COPY

C G T

G C A T T C A A G C A T

A A G T T C G T A

USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY RNA COPY

U C G

A G C C T G T A G G C A

G A C A U C C G U

USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY RNA COPY

U U A

A A T C C G T A T C T A

G G C A U A G A U

Homework: the Chart

DNA RNA

# of strands

Nitrogenous bases used

Type of sugar in backbone

What does it do to genetic information?

Is it made of nucleotides?

Found in nucleus? Cytoplasm?

Complimentary strand to DNA of GATTACTACGA?

Complimentary strand to DNA of TTTAGGGCCCAT

2 1

AUGCATGC

deoxyribose ribose

Store it/hold it Carry it to ribosomes

yesyes

Nucleus only Nucleus and cytoplasm

CUAAUGAUGCUCTAATGATGCT

AAATCCCGGGTA AAAUCCCGGGUA

Translation

Key Point #1: In translation,

ribosomes read the information in RNA.

Ribosomes read RNA three bases at a time.

Each set of three is called a codon.

The mRNA code

Key Point #2: Each codon is the instructions to make one amino acid.

Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins.

One protein = a bunch of amino acids.

Translation

Table of CODONST

hird

Le

tter

From your three letter codon, you can use this table to figure out what amino acid it is.

Let’s Practice

Codon: UACWhat is the amino acid?

Tyrosine!

STOP!

After a protein is done being made, it needs to have a signal to stop adding on more amino acids. All mRNA chains will end in a STOP codon. This is the end of the protein.

Modeling Putting it all together Change this DNA sequence into mRNA

CCATCGGGAACTGGUAGCCCUUGA Now split the mRNA into codons

GGU-AGC-CCU-UGA Finally, make an amino acid sequence

Glycine-Serine-Proline-Stop

Look in your NOTES!

What is translation?

What the heck is going on in this picture?

What the heck is going on in this picture?

NOTES NOTES NOTES

What is a codon?

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

What do all mRNA sequences end in?

What is an amino acid?

Make this DNA into a protein Change this DNA sequence into mRNA

CACTGAGTGATCGUGACUCACUAG Now split the mRNA into codons

GUG-ACU-CAC-UAG Finally, make an amino acid sequence

Valine-Threonine-Histidine-Stop

Codon Bingo

Look at your codon tables and put the 20 amino acids in the spots. You will repeat .

I am going to call out codons.

If you get a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row, you win!

OH MAN THERE WAS A ROBBERYBut luckily they have some DNA evidence.

Weirdly, they asked me to get my Biology class to solve it!

Make sure you make a sketch of the suspect! That jerk!

Exit Questions

What does the process of translation do?

Convert this strand of DNA to an amino acid sequence.AAACAAGCACCCWrite in complete sentences!

Don’t talk during the Exit Question!