translation and transcription
TRANSCRIPT
U TRANSCRIPTION V
The Cell
Nucleus
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Helicase
Helicase unwinds
and unzips fraction of
DNA
TA
A TC G
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
C
C
C
C
G
T
T
T
A
AG
G
A
G
Nucleus
T A
ATC G
C
C
C
C
G
T
T
T
A
A
G
G
A
GT AA TT A
A T
T
AC GT
A
C GT ATA
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
TA
A TC G
C
C
C
C
G
T
T
T
A
AG
G
A
G
T A
ATC G
C
C
C
C
G
T
T
T
A
A
G
G
A
GT AA TT A
A T
T
AC GT
A
C GT ATA
Helicase
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
TA
A TC G
C
C
C
C
G
T
T
T
A
AG
G
A
G
T A
ATC G
C
C
C
C
G
T
T
T
A
A
G
G
A
GT AA TT A
A T
T
AC GT
A
C GT ATA
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
TA
A
T
C
G
C
C
C
G
T
T
A
AG
G
A
T
A
A
TC
G
C
C
CG
T
A
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
T
T
A
C
GTA
C
G
T
AT
A
T
A
C
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
Nucleus
Strand 1
RNA Polymerase
Codin
g
Regio
n
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
The RNA polymerase will now go
through and copy
codon info, create mRNA
strand and bases to match in, then leave through the
nuclear pore into
the chromosom
e for Translation.
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1 Cod
ing
Regio
n
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
RNA Polymerase
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1 Cod
ing
Regio
n
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
RNA Polymerase
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1 Cod
ing
Regio
n
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
RNA Polymerase
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1 Cod
ing
Regio
n
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
RNA Polymerase
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1
RNA Polymerase
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1
RNA Polymerase
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
UG
C
C
C
T
U
A
G
A
AG
C
C
G
T
U
A
G
U
AGUA
GAU
RNA Polymerase
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
UG
C
C
C
U
U
A
G
A
AG
C
C
G
U
U
A
G
U
AGUA
GAU
TAAU
mRNA strand
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
UG
C
C
C
U
U
A
G
A
AG
C
C
G
U
U
A
G
U
AGUA
GAU
TAAU
nuclear porem
RNA strand
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
T
UG
C
C
C
U
U
A
G
A
AG
C
C
G
U
U
A
G
U
AGUA
GAU
AAU
Cellular pore
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
T
G
C
C
C
U
U
A
G
AG
C
C
G
U
U
A
G
U
GAU
AA
U
Cellular pore
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nucleus
Strand 1
TA
AC
C
G
T
AG
G
A
T
TC
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
AT
A
TC
CTA
T
Cellular poreWent to
Translation
YTRANSLATION Z
UG
C
C
CUU
A
G
AAG
CC
G
U
UA
G
U
AGUA
GAU
AAU
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Ribosome
UG
C
C
CUU
A
G
AAG
CC
G
U
UA
G
U
AGUA
GAU
AAU
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Ribosome
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Stop codo
n
Start codo
n
TRNA
tRNA comes in
to see what
amino acids to
fetch for the
anti codon
match.
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Stop codo
n
Start codo
n
TRNA gets info for what amino acids are needed.
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
UAC
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Stop codo
n
Start codo
n
The tRNA starts with the “Start Codon” and the others follow.
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
UAC
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Stop codo
n
Start codo
nA A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UU
The tRNA continue to bring amino
acids to match codon to anti
codon
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
UAC
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Stop codo
n
Start codo
n
A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU
They continue
to bring them
until a “stop”
codon (UAA)
tells them to
STOP
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
UAC
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU
The amino acids will now merge to make the protein.
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
UAC
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
UAC
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU
UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U
UAC
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Thus a new protein is
born