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Transition Governance for a LowTransition Governance for a Low--Carbon Energy System in ThailandCarbon Energy System in Thailand

Aumnad Phdungsilp

Department of Energy Management, Faculty of Engineering       Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand                        

E il   d@d thE‐mail: aumnad@dpu.ac.th

Capacity Building Workshop on Carbon Governance in Asia: Bridging Scales and Disciplines, 1-3 November 2010, Yokohama, Japan

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Outlines of PresentationOutlines of PresentationOutlines of PresentationOutlines of Presentation

• Introduction

• Theoretical framework

• Existing energy & climate regime

Japan

• Transition governance of energy system

• Summary

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IntroductionIntroduction• Transition to a low‐carbon society requires changes in 

both energy system and the way to organize the society.

• Actions will be required at all levels of society.

• Key challenge – how different governance processes y g g pare affect transition pathways.

• The research uses a multi‐level governance (MLG) framework as applied to the energy system in framework as applied to the energy system in Thailand.

• This work is ongoing research aiming to understand and facilitate potential transition pathways for Thailand’s energy systems.

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IntroductionIntroduction• The study also aims to explore alternative 

plausible governance patterns for Thai energy system

• Generally, critical thinking about the governance of transition to low‐carbon issues in Thailand has been lacking.

• Question about the governance: which features of the actors, institutions, and policy‐making processes are resulting in p y g p geffective outcomes.

• In this research “Governance” refers to how societies  organizations and networks are societies, organizations and networks are collectively steered and governed.

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Scientific Rationale• As of Sept. 2010, none of study in carbon governance/MLG in energy 

and climate change in Thailand has been found (even in the region).

• There is no clearly defined on low‐carbon society in Thailand [Phdungsilp & Jesdapipat, 2010] 

• Wh th  th   t  t   f  li t   h      ill   • Whether the current system of climate change governance  will secure a transition to LCS and a limited of GHG emissions to safe levels [Biermann et al., 2009].

• More coordinated action between multiple levels of government can effectively increase energy efficiency [IEA, 2009].

• Good governance will enable an environment conducive to the • Good governance will enable an environment conducive to the predictable and lasting delivery of emissions reductions [UN‐REDD, 2009].

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Near Future (2015Near Future (2015‐‐2039)2039) DifferenceDifference(( ))

Present Average TemperaturePresent Average Temperature

DifferenceDifferenceSource: SEA-START RC, 2010

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Theoretical FrameworkTheoretical Framework

• Multi‐level Governance (MLG) –follows the OECD frameworkfollows the OECD framework

• Modes of governance: by authority, provision, through enabling, and self‐governing

• Key hypothesis – encouraging different levels of society to work different levels of society to work together could be a key role for successful transition to low‐carbon energy system

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Characteristics of Existing Energy & Climate RegimeClimate Regime

• Energy – Ministry of Energy (MoEN) - Energy Policy & Planning Office (EPPO) under MoEN acts as a

policy-maker to recommend national energy policy - Dept. of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE)

is a regulator and implementer in energy conservation activities

• Climate Change – Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment (MONRE) -Office of Natural Resource and Env. Policy & Planning (ONEP) is a

focal point for climate change focal point for climate change -Thailand GHG Management (TGO) – newly autonomous

government organization and its role as DNA-CDM

• Climate Change Knowledge Management Center – a national center under Ministry of Science and Technology (Beginning of 2010)

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Actors & Networks in Electricity RegimeActors & Networks in Electricity Regime

Utilities VSPPIPP

SPP

MoEN

EGATSPP

Large IndUsers

PEAPEA

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Some Results of Energy & Emission Studies in ThailandStudies in Thailand

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Some Results of Energy & Emission Studies in ThailandStudies in Thailand

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Emerging policy issue and the transition to governance of energy systemof energy system

• The main Thailand’s energy efficiency and conservation policy is the “Energy Conservation Promotion Act, B.E. 2535 (1992)

• National Strategic Plan on Climate Change 2008-2012

• Low-carbon society is the emerging national policy by does not set out particular policy framework yet.

• Energy efficiency and renewable energy play important role in Thai energy system and climate strategy.

• Some cities, local authorities are beginning to implementing energy and climate actions.

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Modes of Governance

•By Authority: guidance on energy efficiency design, guidance on renewable energy tech. installation enhancing ene g conse ation in installation, enhancing energy conservation in bld. and ind., DSM

• By Provision: energy efficiency measures, community energy projects soft loan for community energy projects, soft-loan for investment, energy auditing

•Through enabling: campaigns for energy efficiency promoting renewable energy building efficiency, promoting renewable energy, building energy codes

•Self-governing: procurement of energy efficient appliances high energy efficiency

Thailand’s Carbon Label

efficient appliances, high energy efficiency standards in new and existing buildings

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Summary• The responsibility for energy & climate policies are shared across

government ministries.

• Thailand’s energy and climate governance is currently still under development.

• The governance challenges are included types of organizations and • The governance challenges are included types of organizations and institutions, jurisdiction and resources to govern energy efficiency

• Key governance for renewable energy is to handle with land-use mgt., food security, and removal economic and non-economic barriers.

• Next step: Next step: -To examine pathways based on alternative plausible governance patterns in Thai energy systems -How these patterns will affect tech., institutional and social changes

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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

New OS for Post-Kyoto

Towards Low-Carbon Society