PH1090Zs Casual Listening Speakers

Maya Ablao

FA4740 Transducer Theory

5/3/19

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 3

Goals 3

Listening 4

Aesthetic 4

Aural Descriptions 4

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 5

Goals 5

Size 5

SPL 6

Frequency Response 8

Coloration, Time Response 10

CABINET DESIGN 10

Shape 10

Consruction materials 10

Drafting 11

DRIVER SELECTION 12

Drivers 12

Woofers 13

Tweeters 22

CROSSOVER DESIGN 26

SYSTEM TUNING 27

Overall Loudspeaker Performance 28

2

Frequency Response (Overall) 28

Integrated Frequency Response 28

Harmonic Distortion 29

Minimum Phase 29

Horizontal Off Axis Response 30

Vertical Off Axis Response 30

Step Response 31

Woofer Step Response 31

Tweeter Step Response 31

Waterfall Plot Full 32

HF Waterfall 32

Driver Responses 33

Woofer Frequency Response 33

Tweeter Frequency Response 33

Woofer Harmonic Distortion 34

Woofer Minimum Phase 34

Tweeter Minimum Phase 34

Woofer Horizontal off – axis response 35

Woofer Vertical Off-axis response 35

Tweeter Horizontal off-axis response 36

Tweeter vertical off-axis response 36

Woofer Impulse 37

Tweeter Impulse 37

ACCOUNTING AND BUDGETING 38

SPEAKER GLOSSY 39

BIBLIOGRAPHY 40

3

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

GOALS

The goals to accomplish the PH1090Zs pair are based on the preferences of medium SPL, and enough size for natural bass. The system will be used for entertainments for movies, music, or Watching The Game. Likely a medium sized carpeted space with low ceilings that are not very reflective. The space they will be in might change, for they will be moving wherever the owner may be. Since they will be moving with other items in a Rav4 they need to be small enough to fit in the trunk or back seat of a car with the stands. To begin the outline of the design, Murphey provided a pie chart1. In these loudspeakers, the size plus bass will be more of an investment than the SPL they can reach, or the size of the speaker.

1 John L. Murphy, Introduction to Loudspeaker Design (True Audio, 2014), 61.

28%

32%

40%

Design Tradeoffs

SPL

Bass

Size

4

LISTENING

Listening purposes of the PH1090Zs are not limited to entertainment but could be used for mixing or listening forwards2. Listening forwards is listening to different mixes in consumer grade speakers to know what your mix will sound like to others. They would be used to check a mix but will not necessarily be used to mix on. There will be a port that allows them to be able to reproduce epic natural low end, or tense moments in a movie with as much bass as the director wanted. The max SPL is defined by the need to reproduce epic scenes in movies or how loud the noise floor will be while these are playing.

AESTHETIC

Visually, the PH1090Zs will need to support any room’s aesthetic while also being attractive on their own. They will have a natural wood finish, and since they will be moving from place to place, the material may not be very thick or heavy, but will be able to withstand getting beat around a bit. Weight is less important that size which can give a lot of wiggle room for material choices. The tweeters and the mid drivers will be preferably protected in some way since they will be moved by some non sound people.

AURAL DESCRIPTIONS

Some descriptive words for the PH1090Zs would have to be warm, strong, and unique. There will be no significant bass extension, but the bass would need some extra help to get to the low frequencies some movies can produce. The sound stage should be wide and have depth to achieve a dynamic sound stage. A more vertically dispersed system is more important than a wide dispersed image. It will be more important to cover sitting people rather than standing people since this is going to be for TV. The speaker will also be producing relaxing, laidback, low fatigue sound to act as nice background noise when needed.

2 David Moulton, Total Recording: The Complete Guide to Audio Production and Engineering (United States: Kendall Printing, 2000), 313.

5

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

GOALS

The technical goals to accomplish the PH1090Z pair (tentative name) are based on the preferences of high SPL, and enough size for enough bass. This means the cabinet will be made of sturdy and absorptive wood/MDF to decrease the resonant frequency of the drivers.

SIZE

Since the speakers will be placed in multiple entertainment environments, they need to be small enough to fit in tight corners between the TV and the wall if the TV is placed in that sort of configuration. The speakers need to account for loading in this instance. When placed in a corner, there will be +9dB of bass response. Since this is an entertainment system and could be placed against a flat wall, the speakers could also have around a +4dB - +6dB. The cabinet will be roughly 10” long, 8” wide, and 18” tall. The volume of this cabinet without accounting for the dimensions of the wood would be 0.833𝑓𝑡'. The more realistic dimensions on the inside of the cabinet would be around 8” long, 6” wide, and 16” tall. This would make the volume 0.44𝑓𝑡'. The stands would have to be just under shoulder height when the person is sitting on the couch or on a chair from 34” - 40” depending on how tall the person is. This will allow the speakers to be right around ear height around 44” – 50” directed at the audience. The stands would be right around 27” tall giving the 18” tall speakers a measurement of 45” from the ground allowing for ear height while sitting. The stands will be made of hard wood with hard rubber between the speakers and the platform they sit on and between the ground and the wood bass platform. The hard rubber will mechanically ground3 the box meaning the stand will require a rigid ground path to dissipate the vibration energy. In terms of resonance mass vs. stiffness, when picking a driver, considering the warmth of the sound and the hi-fi systems vs. the warm colored systems would effect what level stiffness of driver.4 The driver with reduced stiffness would be more ideal to accomplish the desire for warmth of the tone.

3 Cabinet Handbook. (New York: North Creek Music Systems, 1992), 4.

4 Newell, Philip, and Holland, Keith. Loudspeakers: for Music Recording and Reproduction. (Oxford: Elsevier Linacre House, 2007), 31, 239, 267, 425.

6

SPL

The PH1090Zs will be used for television and easy listening. They likely will not ever need to go louder than 90-95dB SPL, for my average preference is between 60dB and 80dB. However, if a mix ever needs to be checked in them they would have to be able to accurately replicate the K-System/THX standards. Since the speakers will be playing sounds with more dynamics, they will need to be able to accomplish K-20 (-20dBFS) with +20dB of headroom. In doing this, I will have unity be around 83dB. NOISH/OSHA states that frequency, intensity, and duration5 are the main causes of threshold shift. These speakers will not be for anything but being played in a quiet space or one with minimal loudness such as 50-65dB. The preferred average SPL is between 60 and 65dB for movie listening, and music listening. This ranges from 9:30am to 9:30pm.

The chart and table below will show the normal day of listening to various content at different times.

5 "United States Department of Labor." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Accessed February 08, 2019. https://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib030818.html.

7

As seen, the threshold shift occurs after exposure to live music at 100dB. Following that exposure, home listening volume increases significantly to 80dB when it is considered to be “rocking out” on a home system. Since the mood is usually wired or tired, the SPL has a range of 20dB.

When listening to the PH1090Zs, they will be placed in a medium to small sized room. The medium sized room has low ceilings made of mineral fiber and is 20ft x 20ft, and the small room is 15ft x 20ft. The critical distance can be calculated6 by inserting the height of 7ft and the hypothetical coverage of the speaker. If the speaker had a horizontal coverage of 60º and vertical of 40º, with a reverb time of 1 second, the Q would be 18.28, and the critical distance for an unaided talker would be about 2ft. According to Toole’s draw away curve7, a completely non-reflective room will have a -6dB per distance doubling.

6 “Critical Distance Calculator”. System Design Group, accessed February 6, 2019, http://www.mcsquared.com/critical.htm.

7 Toole, Floyd E.. Sound Reproduction (3rd Edition): The Acoustics and Psychoacoustics of Loudspeakers and Rooms. (New York: Routledge, 2018), 294.

8

These draw away curves are based on four different living rooms using four different sound sources. They were measured using A-weighting broadband sounds at a distance of 1ft. Seeing the difference in the curve when the source is further away, it proves that the more reflections, the less dB decrease per double distance. Since the PH1090Zs will be in a small room, the SPL @ 1W @ 1 meter does not need to exceed the maximum that is needed.

The loudspeaker sensitivity should be around ~103dBSPL @ 1W @ 1m with an amplifier with an output impedance rating of 4ohms.

FREQUENCY RESPONSE

The frequency response of the PH1090Zs would be mostly flat with a slight decrease in dB as the frequency increases allowing for warmth and less distortion8. Something I am hoping to achieve is to have them be able to produce comfortable, natural bass. I do not listen to a whole lot of electronic music with beats, but I do enjoy a natural sound. The low end would start a Q of 0.7 at 50Hz and a 18dB/octave roll off. After observing these preferences, they were put in a table with three different songs of different genres.

8Plummer, Chris. Lecture, Transducer Theory Lab from Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, February 6, 2019

9

Song Acceptable Noticeable Unacceptable

Speaking Terms - Snail Mail 50Hz 81Hz 138Hz

The Bird - Anderson Paak. 47Hz

91Hz 140Hz

Green - Touché Amoré 48Hz 92Hz 126Hz

The PH1090Zs will go up to 17kHz avoiding overtones. This is based on the EQ Frequency Cheatsheet9.

9Sweetwater. "EQ Frequency Cheatsheet." Sweetwater.com. April 6, 2018. Accessed February 8, 2019. https://www.sweetwater.com/insync/music-instrument-frequency-cheatsheet/.

10

COLORATION, TIME RESPONSE

The internal reflections of the speaker will only allow for bass to get through the port in the back and avoiding any high frequency escape. The speaker is ported for natural bass. However, my initial idea was to build transmission Line speakers to separate the upper and lower bass10. The upper bass gets absorbed by the line allowing a clean neutral lower bass response that gets effortlessly extended and distortion gets lowered by the line’s control over the unit’s excursion. I decided to build ported speakers instead of the transmission line to still inquire natural bass while keeping it less complicated. The cabinet shape allows for this natural bass from the port size. The edges of the cabinet will be slightly rounded11 in the front to control the edge diffraction, and because rounded looks good. These boxes will also experience some boundary effects due to their placement against a wall or in a corner by a television.

CABINET DESIGN

SHAPE

The shape of the box will be rectangular due to a lack of woodworking skills, and that it is very standard for speakers to be that shape. The boxes will host an MTM driver configuration to assist with the “sharp” visual aesthetic presented in the “Goals” section of this paper.

CONSRUCTION MATERIALS

Entering this phase of the process, I did not do much planning. I ended up purchasing pine from McGann’s only to find that pine is relatively light and bows very easily. After some contemplation I decided to go with using other people’s left overs to help me stick to my low budget. I did, however keep the pine for the tops and bottoms. The sides of the speakers are MDF, and the front and back are birch plywood. Using different woods will assist in my coloration preferences. Since I have never done a project quite like this before, I will be utilizing the shop supervisor and the shop itself for assistance for this construction process. I have not yet visualized a final product, but as the process moves forward, there will be more and more problems to solve.

10Newell, Philip, and Holland, Keith. Loudspeakers: for Music Recording and Reproduction. (Oxford: Elsevier Linacre House, 2007), 79, 80.

11Newell, Philip, and Holland, Keith. Loudspeakers: for Music Recording and Reproduction. (Oxford: Elsevier Linacre House, 2007), 89.

11

8"

1812"

FRONT34"

512"

512"

4"1 116"BACKLEFT

38"

212"

10"

1812"

914"

38"

212"

478"

478"

1

334"

758"

14"

11116"

334"

334"

Ø418"

Ø578"

Ø278"

FRONT

BACK

LEFT

TOP

91 4"

71 4"

3 8"

91 4"

BOTTOM

91 4"

71 4"

3 8"

38"

34"

JOINTS

1734"

914"

SIDES

714"

FRONT

BACK&

TOP

BOTTOM&

1812"

8"

914"

BAFFLE

714"

334"

PH1090Zs

REV 3

MICHIGANTECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY

Drafted by: Maya Ablao

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DRAFTING

Drafted in AutoCAD, I drafted these speakers based on the preferences listed previously.

The design of the cabinet utilizes 3/8” dados for secure binding. All materials are ¾” thick. The front baffle is drafted so that it is covering the front and no MDF is on the sides when you look at it from the front and back.

12

DRIVER SELECTION

DRIVERS

Looking at woofers that are between 4” and 6” to fit in the box size, along with the tweeter between them. Since there will be two drivers, I’m not too worried about how low they can go individually, for the box will assist with that.

Speaker Nomial Size Impedance Price Sensitivity

X-max (mm) Qts Fs (Hz)

SB Acoustics SB15NBAC30 5” 8 $ 66.85 85.5 n/a 0.37 35.5

SB Acoustics

SB15CAC30 5” 8 $ 80.70 86 4.5 0.38 35.5

Faital PRO 6FE200 6" 8 $ 47.00 95 4.62 0.71 120

Eminence Alpha 4" 8 $ 34.99 88 2.6 0.75 123

Dayton Audio RS125P 5" 4 $ 32.25 90 4 0.48 70

Dayton Audio RS125T 5" 8 $ 29.28 86.9 2.8 0.5 76

Faital PRO 4FE35 4" 4 $ 26.00 91 2.73 0.84 100

Hi Vi F5 5" 8 $ 25.00 86 2.5 0.41 52

Dayton Audio DS135 5" 8 $ 23.34 86.6 4.85 0.39 52.5

Visaton BG13P 5" 8 $ 14.20 92 x 1.04 168

13

WOOFERS

The table above contains drivers that were considered for use and whose specifications assisted the requirements that were stated in the technical specifications. I wanted drivers that were good looking, and accompanied by a good Fs. The drivers I ended up choosing were the SB Acoustics SB15NBAC30 – 8. I chose these because with my box volume at 0.6252 cubic feet, and the Driver’s Vas being 17 liters, the Fs being 35.5, the F3 is calculated to be 34.87Hz. I couldn’t say no. Below is a list of drivers I considered including the one I chose.

14

20 50 100Hz 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10kHz 20kMag -10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0 dB

1

2

3

4

5

mmExc

Linear Exc Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

Pha 0°

90°

180°

270°

360°

450°

OhmImp

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75TA

Driver Parameters Box ParametersDriver:Nominal DiameterNominal PowerSensitivity (1W/1m)Free Air ResonanceTotal QElectrical QMechanical QEquivalent VolumeNominal ImpedanceDC ResistanceMax Thermal PowerMax Linear ExcursionMax ExcursionVoice Coil Diam.

D =P =

SPL =f(s) =

Q(ts) =Q(es) =Q(ms) =V(as) =

Z =R(e) =P(t) =

X(max) =X(lim) =D(vc) =

SB Acoustics SB15CAC30-8 55085.535.50.380.424.770.632180505030.5

inWattsdB SPLHz

cu ftOhmsOhmsWattsmmmmmm

Driver Notes:

NOTE: Reference Efficiency was calculated based on the 1W/1m sensitivity.NOTE: Reference Efficiency was calculated based on the

System Type: 4th Order Vented BoxBox VolumeClosed Box QBox FrequencyMin Rec Vent AreaVent Surface AreaVent LengthCompliance RatioBox Loss Q

V(B) =Q(tc) =F(B) =

S(vMin) =S(v) =L(v) =

alpha =Q(B) =

0.85640.598282.852.167.4931.4767

cu ft

Hzsq insq inin

System ParametersNo. of DriversIsobaric FactorInput PowerSPL Distance

N =I =

P(in) =D =

2111

System Notes:

(1=normal, 2=iso)Wattsm

MTU FA47401400 Townsend DriveHoughton, MIUnited States

4th Order Vented Box

System Name:

Designer:

Title:

Rev Date: Rev:

Maya AblaoWoofer #1

SB ACOUSTICS

SB15CAC30 – 812

Specifications: Cost: $ 80.70 Size: 5” Fs: 35.5Hz Power Handling: 50W

These drivers are great, however, the price is steep. They have a very high break up, and a nice Fs of 35.5 but price trumps Fs.

12 "5" SB15CAC30-8." SB Acoustics. Accessed May 03, 2019. http://www.sbacoustics.com/index.php/products/midwoofers/cac-font-color-ffff00-new-font/5-sb15cac30-8/.

15

SB ACOUSTICS

SB15NBAC30 – 813

Specifications: Cost: $ 66.85 Size: 5” Fs: 35.5 Hz Power Handling: 50W

I chose these drivers because of their price as well as their Fs were something I wanted. The WinSpeakers modeling looked to my advantage with the natural sounding low end. Coupled, and mounted in my ported box of 0.625 cubic feet, these drivers would support my needs.

13 "5" SB15NBAC30-8." SB Acoustics. Accessed May 03, 2019. http://www.sbacoustics.com/index.php/products/midwoofers/nac/5-sb15nbac30-8-br-font-color-c70039-shipping-font/.

16

FAITAL PRO

6FE20014

Specifications:

Cost: $ 47.00 Size: 6” Fs: 120 Hz Power Handling: 260W

These drivers are cheap, but would work better as mids for a 3-way system. Their Fs was a bit too high for my liking, and their break-up just too low.

14 "6FE200 by FaitalPRO." FaitalPRO. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://faitalpro.com/en/products/LF_Loudspeakers/product_details/index.php?id=401020110.

17

DAYTON AUDIO

RS125P-415

Specifications: Cost: $32.25 Size: 5” Fs: 70Hz Power Handling: 30W

These speakers look sharp, but did not have the Fs that I was looking for I considered these for a while, but their phase plug in the middle was not the type of aesthetic the PH1090Zs are looking for

15 "RS125P-4 5." Dayton Audio. Accessed May 03, 2019. http://www.daytonaudio.com/index.php/rs125p-4-5-reference-paper-woofer-4-ohm.html.

18

DAYTON AUDIO

RS125T-816

Specifications: Cost: $ 29.28 Size: 5” Fs: 76Hz Power Handling: 60W

Similar to the RS – P, the RS – T had a high Fs with an interesting cut out that I was not looking for in my speaker’s appearance.

16 "Dayton Audio RS125T-8 5" Reference Woofer Truncated Frame ..." Accessed May 3, 2019. http://www.daytonaudio.com/index.php/rs125t-8-5-reference-woofer-truncated-frame.html.

19

FAITAL PRO

4FE3517

Specifications: Cost: $ 26.00 Size: 4” Fs: 100Hz Power Handling: 60W

This driver was a tight 3rd in the race. The F3 was just enough for my liking, but the brand did not seem too well known or widely used, and the driver chassis was not heavy duty enough.

17 "4FE35 by FaitalPRO." FaitalPRO. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://faitalpro.com/en/products/LF_Loudspeakers/product_details/index.php?id=401005150.

20

HIVI

F518

Specifications: Cost: $ 25.00 Size: 5” Fs: 52Hz Power Handling: -

This driver I liked because of the color, I decided not to go with it because I did not have my design ready, and it just seemed too cheap to be good. The impendence curve did not help it’s case either. This brand does not have great spec sheets which is a reason to believe that their drivers aren’t great either.

18 Express, Parts. ""HiVi F5 5" Bass/Midrange" from www.parts-express.com" Parts Express: Speakers, Amplifiers, Audio Parts and Solutions. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://www.parts-express.com/hivi-f5-5-bass-midrange--297-435.

21

DAYTON AUDIO

DS13519

Specifications: Cost: $ 23.34 Size: 5” Fs: 52.5Hz Power Handling: 100W

This driver was also high in the running for it’s frequency response being relatively flat. The power handling is also too high for what it’s needed for.

19 "Dayton Audio DS135-8 5" Designer Series Woofer Speaker 8 Ohm." Accessed May 3, 2019. http://www.daytonaudio.com/index.php/ds135-8-5-designer-series-woofer-speaker.html.

22

TWEETERS The tweeter of choice is the Peerless by Tymphany XT25BG60 – 04.

Imp.

Diameter(mm) Sensitivity Fs (Hz) Price

Scan Speak

D2905/990000

6

25.4

91 500 $ 114.52 Peerless

XT25TG30-04

4

25.4

90.8 436 $ 28.47 Peerless by Tymphany XT25BG60

– 04

4

25.4

92.26 589 $ 27.95 SEAS

Prestige 22TAF/G

6

19.5 92 1100 $ 43.50 SB

Acoustics 26STCN

4

25.4

92.5 960 $ 33.05 Tymphany NE25VTS

4

25 88.1 732.86 $ 19.73

Peerless XT25SC90

4

25.76 86.8 824.75 $ 18.73

Dayton Audio

ND25FW

4

25.4 91 1350 $ 18.45

The table above contains tweeters that were considered for use and whose specifications assisted the requirements that were stated in the technical specifications.

23

PEERLESS BY TYMPHANY

XT25TG30 – 0420 Specifications: Impedance: 4 Ω

Mechanical Q Factor (Qms): 2.5 Electrical Q Factor (Qes): 0.54

Total Q Factor (Qts): 0.44 Sensitivity (dB@2.83V/1m): 90.8 dB

This tweeter is pretty flat, around the frequencies needed between 2kHz and 2.7kHz. It has a huge dent at 20kHz at 30 degrees off axis.

20 Express, Parts. ""Peerless by Tymphany XT25TG30-04 1" Dual Ring Radiator Tweeter" from www.parts-express.com" Parts Express: Speakers, Amplifiers, Audio Parts and Solutions. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://www.parts-express.com/peerless-by-tymphany-xt25tg30-04-1-dual-ring-radiator-tweeter--264-1016.

24

PEERLESS BY TYMPHANY

XT25BG60 – 0421 Specifications:

Impedance: 4 Ω Mechanical Q Factor (Qms): 1.31

Electrical Q Factor (Qes): 0.43 Total Q Factor (Qts): 0.32

Sensitivity (dB@2.83V/1m): 92.26 dB

Similar to the first tweeter, Peerless tweeter can go down to 1k without any serious issues. It will be used at 2.7kHz and up and paired with a driver that can do 2.5Hz. The combination of the woofer and tweeter work well together due to the impressive impulse response.

21 "XT25BG60-04 - Tymphany." Accessed May 3, 2019. https://www.tymphany.com/transducers/xt25bg60-04/.

25

SEAS PRESTIGE

22TAF/G22 Specifications:

Impedance: 6 Ω

Recommended Frequency Range: 2500 – 30000 Hz

Long Term Power Handling: 80 W

Free Air Resonance: 1100 Hz

Sensitivity (dB@2.83V/1m): 90.8 dB

This tweeter has a good looking response, however, the grate in the front of it does not match the aesthetics that the PH1090Zs need.

22 Components, Madisound Speaker, Tchob@globo.com, and Seren2. "SEAS Prestige 22TAF/G (H1283) Alum/Magn. Alloy 22 Mm Dome Tweeter." Madisound Speaker Components. May 31, 2018. https://www.madisoundspeakerstore.com/hard-dome-tweeter/seas-prestige-22taf/g-h1283-alum/magn.-alloy-22-mm-dome-tweeter/

26

CROSSOVER DESIGN

The crossover was done in MiniDSP. The woofer is crossed over at 2500Hz, and the tweeter at 2700Hz. Both slopes at LR 48dB/Octave.

27

SYSTEM TUNING

Tweeter EQ

Woofer EQ

In the tuning process, the hope was to achieve a slight decline from low frequencies to high giving the sound more warmth.

Speaker Calculations23

Fb = 50.99Hz

Vb = 0.6252 ft cu

Fs = 35.5 Hz

Vas = 17 Liters

F3 = ((Vas/Vb)^0.44) * fs = 34.84

23 "Vented Ported Subwoofer Box Equations Formulas Design Calculator." Vented Ported Subwoofer Box Equations Formulas Design Calculator F3 Minus Three Decibel Half Power Frequency. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://www.ajdesigner.com/phpsubwoofervented/minus_three_decibel_equation.php.

28

OVERALL LOUDSPEAKER PERFORMANCE

FREQUENCY RESPONSE (OVERALL)

INTEGRATED FREQUENCY RESPONSE

29

HARMONIC DISTORTION

MINIMUM PHASE

30

HORIZONTAL OFF AXIS RESPONSE

VERTICAL OFF AXIS RESPONSE

31

STEP RESPONSE

WOOFER STEP RESPONSE

TWEETER STEP RESPONSE

104 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14

1

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

1.11.21.31.41.51.6

Time (ms)

Volts

/Vol

ts

Step Response

103 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13

-0

1

2

Time (ms)

Volts

/Vol

ts

Step Response

103 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 130.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Time (ms)

Volts

/Vol

ts

Step Response

32

WATERFALL PLOT FULL

HF WATERFALL

0

100ms

1020

3040

5060

7080

90

10Hz 50k100 1k 10k-18

0dB

-10

FFT Waterfall (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

3.996

8.996ms

5

6

7

8

4.44.8

5.45.8

6.46.8

7.47.8

8.4

500Hz 50k1k 10k-35

0dB

-30

-20

-10

FFT Waterfall (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

33

DRIVER RESPONSES

WOOFER FREQUENCY RESPONSE

TWEETER FREQUENCY RESPONSE

10 100 1k 10k-20

-10

0

10

Frequency (Hz)

Mag

nitu

de (d

B)

Frequency Response (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

10 100 1k 10k-20

-10

0

10

Frequency (Hz)

Mag

nitu

de (d

B)

Frequency Response (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

34

WOOFER HARMONIC DISTORTION

WOOFER MINIMUM PHASE

TWEETER MINIMUM PHASE

10 100 1k 10k

0.1

1

Frequency (Hz)

Dist

ortio

n (%

)

Harmonic Distortion Percentage (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

10 100 1k 10k-180

-90

0

90

Frequency (Hz)

Phas

e (D

egre

es)

Minimum Phase Response (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

10 100 1k 10k-180

-90

0

90

Frequency (Hz)

Phas

e (D

egre

es)

Minimum Phase Response (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

35

WOOFER HORIZONTAL OFF – AXIS RESPONSE

WOOFER VERTICAL OFF-AXIS RESPONSE

10 100 1k 10k-20

-10

0

10

Frequency (Hz)

Mag

nitu

de (d

B)

Frequency Response (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

10 100 1k 10k-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency (Hz)

Mag

nitu

de (d

B)

Frequency Response (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

36

TWEETER HORIZONTAL OFF-AXIS RESPONSE

TWEETER VERTICAL OFF-AXIS RESPONSE

10 100 1k 10k-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency (Hz)

Mag

nitu

de (d

B)

Frequency Response (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

10 100 1k 10k

-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency (Hz)

Mag

nitu

de (d

B)

Frequency Response (1/24 Octave Smoothing)

37

WOOFER IMPULSE

TWEETER IMPULSE

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Time (ms)

Volts

/Vol

ts

Impulse Response

4 5 6 7 8 9 10-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

-0

0.1

Time (ms)

Volts

/Vol

ts

Impulse Response

38

ACCOUNTING AND BUDGETING

Company Date Cost Item Swift, Sherwin Williams April 20 $45.34 Paint, Stain, Brushes

Parts Express April 10 $16.38 second port

Madisound April 7 $34.26 screws

Madisound March

28 $350.90 Drivers & Tweeters

Parts Express March

27 $244.90 DSP & Amps

McGann's March

18 $15.98 Bondo & stain

Chris Wilson March

15 $10 MDF

McGann's March

11 $21.34 Pine

MTU Parking $25 Parking during spring break

Total: $764.10

39

SPEAKER GLOSSY

The PH1090ZZZZZZsBy : Maya Ablao

Technical Specifications- Woofers à SB Acoustics SB15NBAC30-8 5”- Tweeters à Peerless XT25BG60-04- Dimensions : 8” x 12” x 18.5”- Response : +/- 2.5dB 60-20kHz- Woofer Crossover: 2500Hz LR 48dB/Oct- Tweeter Crossover : 2700Hz LR 48dB/Oct

Design Goals

- Small Size for portability

- MTM – subtle bass extension

- Casual Listening

- Budget - $900

40

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Moulton, David. Total Recording: The Complete Guide to Audio Production and Engineering. United States: Kendall Printing, 2000.

Murphy, John L.. Introduction to Loudspeaker Design. True Audio, 2014.

Newell, Philip, and Holland, Keith. Loudspeakers: for Music Recording and Reproduction. Oxford: Elsevier Linacre House, 2007.

Toole, Floyd E.. Sound Reproduction (3rd Edition): The Acoustics and Psychoacoustics of Loudspeakers and Rooms. New York: Routledge, 2018.

The North Creek Cabinet Handbook (2nd Edition). New York: North Creek Music Systems, 1992.

"5" SB15CAC30-8." SB Acoustics. Accessed May 03, 2019. http://www.sbacoustics.com/index.php/products/midwoofers/cac-fontcolorffff00 new-font/5-sb15cac30-8/.

"5" SB15NBAC30-8." SB Acoustics. Accessed May 03, 2019. http://www.sbacoustics.com/index.php/products/midwoofers/nac/5-sb15nbac30-8 br-font-color-c70039-shipping-font/.

"6FE200 by FaitalPRO." FaitalPRO. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://faitalpro.com/en/products/LF_Loudspeakers/product_details/index.php?id= 01020110.

"RS125P-4 5." Dayton Audio. Accessed May 03, 2019. http://www.daytonaudio.com/index.php/rs125p-4-5-reference-paper-woofer-4 ohm.html.

"Dayton Audio RS125T-8 5" Reference Woofer Truncated Frame ..." Accessed May 3, 2019. http://www.daytonaudio.com/index.php/rs125t-8-5-reference-woofer-truncated frame.html.

"4FE35 by FaitalPRO." FaitalPRO. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://faitalpro.com/en/products/LF_Loudspeakers/product_details/index.php?id= 01005150.

Express, Parts. ""HiVi F5 5" Bass/Midrange" from www.parts-express.com" Parts Express: Speakers, Amplifiers, Audio Parts and Solutions. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://www.parts-express.com/hivi-f5-5-bass-midrange--297-435.

41

"Dayton Audio DS135-8 5" Designer Series Woofer Speaker 8 Ohm." Accessed May 3, 2019. http://www.daytonaudio.com/index.php/ds135-8-5-designer-series-woofer speaker.html.

Express, Parts. ""Peerless by Tymphany XT25TG30-04 1" Dual Ring Radiator Tweeter" from www.parts-express.com" Parts Express: Speakers, Amplifiers, Audio Parts and Solutions. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://www.parts-express.com/peerless-by tymphany-xt25tg30-04-1-dual-ring-radiator-tweeter--264-1016.

"XT25BG60-04 - Tymphany." Accessed May 3, 2019. https://www.tymphany.com/transducers/xt25bg60-04/.

Components, Madisound Speaker, Tchob@globo.com, and Seren2. "SEAS Prestige 22TAF/G (H1283) Alum/Magn. Alloy 22 Mm Dome Tweeter." Madisound Speaker Components. May 31, 2018. https://www.madisoundspeakerstore.com/hard-dome-tweeter/seas prestige-22taf/g-h1283-alum/magn.-alloy-22-mm-dome-tweeter/

"Vented Ported Subwoofer Box Equations Formulas Design Calculator." Vented Ported Subwoofer Box Equations Formulas Design Calculator F3 Minus Three Decibel Half Power Frequency. Accessed May 03, 2019. https://www.ajdesigner.com/phpsubwoofervented/minus_three_decibel_equationphp.