Transcription

Definitely not Transformation, Transduction or Translocation!

What is a Gene?

• One Gene – One Enzyme • One Gene – One Polypeptide • One Gene – One RNA transcript

• A GENE IS A SEGMENT OF DNA THAT CODES FOR - - - - - - - - AN RNA TRANSCRIPT!!!!

Which of the following will get translated?

A only

B only

C only

D only A &

B B &

C C &

D

A, B, &

C

A, B, C

, & D

0% 0%

70%

0%

10%

0%

10%10%

0%

A. rRNAB. tRNAC. mRNAD. snRNA

1. A only2. B only 3. C only4. D only5. A & B6. B & C7. C & D8. A, B, & C9. A, B, C, & D

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

Which of the following are directly involved with translation?

A only

B only

C only

D only A &

B B &

C C &

D

A, B, &

C

A, B, C

, & D

5%

0%

10%

0%

10%

50%

20%

5%

0%

A. rRNAB. tRNAC. mRNAD. snRNA1. A only

2. B only 3. C only4. D only5. A & B6. B & C7. C & D8. A, B, & C9. A, B, C, & D

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

What best represents rRNA?

Red Blue

Gre

en

Brown

74%

11%16%

0%

1. Red2. Blue3. Green4. Brown

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

What best represents tRNA?

Red Blue

Gre

en

Brown

0%

11%

74%

16%

1. Red2. Blue3. Green4. Brown

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

What best represents snRNA?

Red Blue

Gre

en

Brown

0%

85%

0%

15%

1. Red2. Blue3. Green4. Brown

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

Life is just an RNA SAMWICHH!

Hey Check out this basic transcription animation!

• http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.htm

l

What did the idiot scribe represent?

RNA primase

RNA polymera

se

DNA polym

erase

Reverse

transct

riptase

Helic

ase

11%

84%

0%0%5%

1. RNA primase2. RNA polymerase3. DNA polymerase4. Reverse transctriptase5. Helicase

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

What is/are the substrate (s) for RNA polymerase?

ATP, GTP, U

TP, CTP

ATP only

dATP, dGTP, d

CTP, dTTP

ATP, GTP, C

TP, TTP

Amino acids

63%

5% 5%

16%11%

1. ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP2. ATP only3. dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP

4. ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP5. Amino acids

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

How many RNA polymerases are there?

• THREE• RNA Polymerase I– Transcribes nucleolar genes into rRNA

• RNA Polymerase II– Transcribes genes into mRNA (which eventually

turns into a polypeptide)

• RNA Polymerase III– Transcribes genes into tRNA and snRNA

How does an RNA Polymerase “FIND” a gene to transcribe?

•TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS FIND A TATA BOX ON THE PROMOTER REGION!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Check Out the Process in a MovEEE

• http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/transcription/index.htm

What did Sir Spliceolot accomplish?

Cut out d

iffere

nt DNA s.

..

Cut out d

iffere

nt RNA se

...

Cut out d

iffere

nt RNA s.

..

Cut out d

iffere

nt DNA se

...

10%0%

90%

0%

1. Cut out different DNA sections called introns.

2. Cut out different RNA sections called exons.

3. Cut out different RNA sections called introns.

4. Cut out different DNA sections called exons.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

Why are introns called introns?

They are INTERVENING noncoding sequences found within a gene!

Why are exons called exons?

They are coding sections of a gene that get EXPRESSED as a component of a protein!

What really splices out the introns?

Cutterase

Dice

rase

Splic

eosome

Blitzenase

Rudolphase

5%

16%

5%11%

63%1. Cutterase2. Dicerase3. Spliceosome4. Blitzenase5. Rudolphase

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23

What really is a SPLICEOSOME?

snRNA

small protein BIG PROTEIN

snRNP

SPLICEOSOME