transactional analysis
DESCRIPTION
A tool for understanding self and improving relationship with othersTRANSCRIPT
Transactional Analysis (T.A.)
Analytical way to understand self, analyze set of behaviors and change of attitude
Basic Mysteries about self
Who Am I? Why do I behave the way I do? Can I change my behavior?
Basic Mysteries about Others
Why do some people suffer from recurring negative thoughts and feelings?
Why does their attitude, whether towards themselves or others, or towards the world at large become tinted or blurred?
Why do their efforts go in vain? Why don’t they succeed in life?
Let’s explore through
Transactional Analysis
Transactional Analysis (T.A.)
T.A. is propounded by Dr. Eric Berne in 1958
T.A. is introduced in India by Father George Kandathil in 1972
What is Transaction
A transaction is a stimulus coupled with response.
It is exchange – in communication, there is exchange of information, feelings, like and dislikes.
What is transactional analysis?
Self help psychology Easy to understand for common people Simple to adopt in daily life An effective way to understand human mind
and personality and to adopt the changes required for personal growth
Why Transactional Analysis?
How relevant is our personality at the present
Find out damage or loss to us due to faulty personality
Can we be successful without developing personality
How to develop our personality
Assumptions of T.A.
Human beings are by nature capable of living in harmony with self, others and nature
All are equal in potential and intelligence.
Everybody has capacity to think. People decide their own destiny. Decisions taken in life can be changed, if required.
Every person is unique in his/her feeling & behaviour.
Basically people have happy nature like children.
I am ok; you are ok
Where T.A. is used?
Counseling individuals, couples and families
HRD and OD Education Team building
Do we like feedback?
Does feedback matter us?
Do we like appreciation?
How we react to criticism?
STROKES
Stroke is defined as a unit of RECOGNITION.Stroke is a biological necessity. Positive Stroke → Energy is givenNegative Stroke→ Energy is taken
FORMS OF STROKE
Physical Verbal Non-VerbalTouch Praise SmilePat Wish NodBeat Greet BowShake hand Appreciate ListenKick Abuse Look
Shout SignalScold
Types of Strokes
1. Positive Conditional Stroke (+C) ------- Doing / Performance
2. Positive Unconditional Stroke (+UC) ------- Being / Person
3. Negative Conditional Stroke (-C) ------- Doing / Performance
4. Negative Unconditional Stroke (-UC) ------- Being / Person
5. No Stroke ------- Ignoring
6. Plastic stroke ------- False
7. Counterfeit stroke ------- Sounding + ve Stroke with – ve sting
RESULT OF POSITIVE STROKE
Self Confidence, Self Respect, Health Improvement, Make others happy, Winning friends, Help developing talents, Become a winner, Feel that I am OK and others are also OK.
Unconditional Positive Stroke or Unconditional love is the most powerful known stimulant of the “Immune System”
Higher stroking environment prevents disease
Effect of Stroke
Positive Stroke Self Confidence Become Winner Feel that I am Okay Feel that Others are also
Okay Self Respect Increases Help Winning Friends Help Developing talents Self Esteem Increases
Negative Stroke
Inferiority Complex Become Loser Feel that I am not Okay Talents and Abilities
Inhibited Feel sad
But what happens in life
We don’t give strokes We don’t accept strokes We do not ask for strokes We do not stroke our self We don’t reject stroke
What is human personality?
Ego State means the state of mind at a particular moment
Ego state is visible behavior pattern of self
Every individual has 3 behavior patterns within himself – or 3 personalities – Parent, Adult, Child
P
A
C
Parent
Adult
Child
Child Ego State
IN CHILD EGO STATE, YOU FEEL,THINK,AND ACT LIKE A LITTLE PERSON, YOU ONCE WERE.
A. GENERAL BEHAVIOUR Adapted Free / Natural Stubborn Active, Affectionate Rebellious Intuitive Complaining Exuberant Competitive Boastful Co-operative Self-centered Lethargic Curious Guilty Artistic, self-indulgent Anxious Excited, Repeater of mistakes Playful, Sexual. Obedient Laughter Patient Shouting, Stamping Disobedient Forgets
Child Ego State
B. Body Language
Adapted Free/ NaturalFalse Smile Mischievous SmileVindictive Smile Wide Open EyesDown Cast Eyes Looking Innocent
C. Words & Phrases I can’t- If only- Super- Come On- Ouch- Won’t- What a
shame-I don’t know really- Hey –Darling.
FREE/NATURAL CHILD
+ve -ve
Playful Over - Emotional Fostering care Over playful No inhibition Careless Ambitious Irresponsible Creative Rebellious Spontaneous Impulsive Forgiving Shouting Natural Naughty Curious Extravagant Sincere Destructive Intuitive
Adapted Child Behavior
+ve -veRebellious AggressiveAssertive AngryConfront RudeRevolutionary Hurt
Adult Ego State is a state of mind when we analyze data, information or situations. It is like a computer. It helps a person to make a logical decision
A. GENERAL BEHAVIOUR Acquiring Knowledge Looking for Options & Probabilities Comprehend Weighing Pros & Cons Perceive Reorganize Interpret Organize Classify Checking for Truth Discriminating Unifying Data Extrapolating Creativity
Adult Ego State
Adult Ego State
B. BODY LANGUAGE Quiet, Alert, Pleasant, Smile, Forward Leaning, Clear straight gaze, Unprejudiced air, Relaxed, Eye to Eye Contact
C. WORDS AND PHRASES
“I understand” “I remember” “Suppose” “The information I have is ---------” “What? How? Where?” “However” “Another way of looking at ---”
Adult Behavior
+ve -ve Matured Serious Responsible Obstinate Dutiful Too much calculative Independent Arrogant Self – Confident Over – Confident Reasonable Too factual Rational Machine like
Parent Ego State
Parent ego state resembles behavior of parental figures
You are responding as one of your parents with the same gestures, words, feelings etc.
In Parent ego state, you feel, think and act, as you saw your parents act when you were little
Parent Ego State is a set of Thinking, Feeling and Behaviour patterns that resemble those of parental figures.
A. GENERAL BEHAVIOUR Critical Nurturing Disciplining Caring Judging Guiding Compelling Encouraging Scolding Supporting Questioning Agreeing Disagreeing Clinging Ridiculing Falsely Praising Direct Let me help you Rescuing
Parent Ego State
Parent Ego State
B. BODY LANGUAGE Critical Nurturing Pointed Finger Nod Heavy strides Embrace Stern Look Consoling Touch Jerking Fist Giving attitude Foot tapping Concerned Look Hands On Hips Arm around Shoulder
C. WORDS & PHRASES Should, Should Not Take Care Must, Necessary Don’t worry Never, Always Don’t be afraid
Critical Parent Behavior
+ve -ve
Lead Demanding
Authoritative Expecting highly
Commanding Overly controlling
Assert Dictator
Nurturing Parent Behavior
+ve -ve Protects Over – Permissive Caring Over – Nurturing Encouraging Rescuer Listening Falsely praising Loving Clinging
Critical Parent Autocratic, Domination
Nurturing Parent Overdependence,Weak sentimentality
Adult Ego State Incessant doubt
Adapted Child Loss of Identity
Natural Child Unbridled License
Negative Effect of Ego State
Ego States Formation
P
A
C
Taught Beliefs, Customs, Values Persecuting, Rescuing Dominance Standards, Culture Permission, Protection.
Thought Awareness, Here and now Calculation, Skill Equalityexperience, Current reality Options, Pros & Cons
Felt Satisfaction, Imagination Desires, Wishes Dependence
Creativity Wants, Needs
How do I behave?
There is no general rule Depending on situation, you can use parent to child or child
to parent But for a balanced approach to life, Adult to Adult is
recommended
Where I go wrong
STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY
A. CONTAMINATION1. Parent Contamination
Prejudice
P
A
C
WHEN WRONG INFORMATIONS,PREJUDICES, SLOGANS AND BELIEFS RECEIVED FROM PARENTAL FIGURES,ARE MISTAKEN FOR REAL FACTS.
2. Child Contamination
Delusion
P
A
C
WHEN “OLD CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES” ARE INACCURATELY USED IN HERE AND NOW REALTY SITUATIONS
3. Double Contamination
WHEN ADULT IS CONTAMINATED BY PARENT BELIEFS AND OLD CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AT THE SAME TIME
Prejudice
P
A
C
Delusion
STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY
B. EXCLUSION ( Type 1 –One Ego State is excluded)
1. Excluded Parent A
P
C
PARENT EGO STATE IS NOT BEING OPERATED BY THE INDIVIDUAL
2. Excluded Adult
A
P
C
THE INDIVIDUAL IS NOT OPERATING ADULT EGO STATE
3. Excluded Child
THE INDIVIDUAL DOES NOT OPERATE CHILD EGO STATE
A
P
C
EXCLUSION (Type 2 – Two Ego States are excluded) a) Constant Parent
A
P
C
THE INDIVIDUAL REMAINS IN PARENT EGO STATE ONLY.
b) Constant Adult
A
P
C
THE INDIVIDUAL REMAINS IN ADULT EGO STATE ONLY
c) Constant Child
A
P
C
THE INDIVIDUAL REMAINS IN CHILD EGO STATE ONLY.
Interpersonal Relating
You think you understood what I spoke, but are you sure you understood what I “meant”
Transactions
Transaction = Stimulus + ResponseT = S + R
---------------------------------------------------------------------A transaction is1. Basic unit of conversation/behavior2. Unit of social intercourse---------------------------------------------------------------------
There are three kinds of Transactions namely, Parallel, Cross & Ulterior Transactions
Parallel or Complementary Transaction
Communication will proceed smoothly as long as transactions are complementary. Two ego states only are involved, one from each person.Stimulus & response vectors ( communication paths) are parallel.
P
A
C
P
A
C
S = What time is it? R = My watch says 12:30.
There are 9 types of Complementary Transactions
P
A
C
P
A
C
S = Students are becoming lazy and they always welcome spoon -feeding.R = These are the signs of the times
Parallel or Complementary Transaction
P
A
C
P
A
C
S = I like your company.R = I like talking with you
Parallel or Complementary Transaction
BOSS (Male) = Look, how many mistakes you have made in this report !SECRETARY (Female) = Sorry sir, it won’t happen again.
BOSS(Lady) = I’m afraid, we have to rewrite the initial part in that report.Secretary (Male) = Don’t worry Madam, I’ll take care of it.
P
A
C
P
A
C
Boss Subordinate
Boss Subordinate
P
A
C
P
A
C
Cross Transactions
There are 72 types of Cross Transactions
P
A
C
P
A
C
S = What is the time?R = Why don’t you use your watch?
Boss = Have you lost that important file?Subordinate = How dare you say it to me?
P
A
C
P
A
C
Colleague-I Colleague-2
Boss Subordinate
Cross Transactions
P
A
C
P
A
C
S = Do you know where my cufflinks are?R = You always blame me for everything.
S = What is the score?R = Wow, We are winning.
P
A
C
P
A
C
Husband Wife
Friend - 1 Friend - 2
BERNE’S RULES OF COMMUNICATION
Ỹ Communication can continue indefinitely so long as transactions remain complementary. In complementary transactions, the ego state addressed is the one which responds
Ỹ Communication is broken when a transaction is crossed. In crossed transaction, the ego state addressed is not the one which responds
Ỹ The outcome of an ulterior transactions is determined at the psychological level and not at the social level. When people communicate in two levels, the outcome of secret message is attained
BASIC LIFE POSITIONHOW A PERSON FEELS ABOUT HIMSELF/ HERSELF ABOUT OTHERS IS CALLEDBASIC LIFE POSITION
I+U+ Hope — Feel positive about himself/Herself and others- Mentally healthy – Intimate relationship — Builds trust Self Confidence – Prince/princess – Life is worth living based on conscious thought and faith — Conversion experience
I+U - Feel victimized – Blame others – Less friends-- Persecutors Feel superior – Homicide – Critical – Deprived of strokes from others – Showing power – He is unable to be objective about his own capacity.-- Exaggerate his capacity – Develop routine “Yes” men who praise — Show overblown confidence.
How I Am?
BASIC LIFE POSITION
I-U+ Feel inferior – Compare with others – withdraw from other and situations – Seek negative stroke – Inadequate – Depression My life is not worth much – shows low confidence — Person feels living at the mercy of others — Does not take initiative Devalues his own contribution – My life is not worth much- Non Assertive – Submissive
I-U- Feel Hopeless – Suicide Feelings — Neurotic ProblemAlcoholic — Frequently sick – Sadness – Futile – Life is not worth anything at all – Reject stroke – Drug Addict — Lacks energy — Go Crazy
BASIC LIFE POSITION(O.K. CORRAL) By Franklin Earnst
I – U + I + U +G.A.F. (Get Away From) G.O.W. (Get On With)Loveless HealthySuicidal Self awarenessFeel foolish Be hereLIFE NOT MUCH WORTH LIFE WORTH LIVING
I – U – I + U –G.N.W. (Get No Where) G.R.O. (Get Rid Of)Mindless JoylessFrustration HomicidalBlank Lacks Intimacy LIFE NOT WORTHY AT ALL LIFE NOT WORTH LIVING
Why I Behave In this way?
DRIVERS……DO MESSAGES
The negative restrictive Do messages that come from parents are called drivers
These drivers lead us to not-Ok feeling.
These messages are transmitted to a child either from negative Nurturing or negative Critical Parent Ego State of parents.
Driver behavior of a person which appears for few seconds can be detected
DRIVERS—DO MESSAGES
DRIVERS NEGATIVE MESSAGE
BE PERFECT You are not Ok, if you are not perfect
PLEASE OTHERS You are not Ok, if you do not please others
TRY HARD You are not Ok, if you are not trying hard
BE STRONG You are not Ok, if you are not strong.
HURRY UP You are not Ok, if you do not hurry up
What are the hurdles?
INJUNCTIONS - DON’T MESSAGES
Injunctions are stoppers or prohibition to the child’s proper, mental growth. It is a non- verbal command from a parent to a child.
Injunctions are a set of ulterior transactions from parents to off springs.
Injunctions limit the independence of a person.
Injunctions are given from Critical Parent or Pig parent or Crazy Child of parents.
Injunctions are implanted before the age of 8
IMPORTANT INJUNCTIONS
1. Don’t exist (Don’t be ). 2. Don’t be you. 3. Don’t grow up. 4. Don’t be a child ( Don’t enjoy). 5. Don’t be important (Don’t be famous). 6. Don’t be close. 7. Don’t succeed (Don’t achieve) 8. Don’t feel ( Don’t show your feelings) 9. Don’t be sane.10. Don’t be well.11. Don’t think.12. Don’t love others.13. Don’t believe others14. Don’t belong
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