training webinar rapid care analysis exercises thalia kidder, jane remme and maria michalopoulou...

TRAIning webinar

Rapid Care Analysis exercises

Thalia Kidder, Jane Remme and Maria Michalopoulou Tuesday October 14th 2014

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Some of the WE-Care team from Oxfam House

Thalia Kidder Maria MichalopoulouJane Remme

Purpose

1) Understand why the RCA was developedHow is RCA used? What RCA is and isn’t...

2) Be familiar with logic & exercises

3) Know how to plan for RCA

What do we want to achieve? Who participates?Which exercises? Where? How long? Consultants? Documentation?

4) Clarify your questions Where you need further support

Agenda

1. Welcome

2. The Basics on Care and the RCA• Questions

3. RCA Methodology – 7 exercises• Questions and comments

4. Planning and logistics for RCA – our learning• Questions and comments

THE BASICS on CARE

“Care is critical for human well-being. We all continuously receive care, not just the weak, vulnerable. We aim for quality care of persons, and affirm the right of women and men to give and to receive care.

WHAT IS CARE?

“Care is: Meeting the material and/or developmental, emotional and

spiritual needs of one or more other

persons ...

What is (unpaid) Care?

• Direct care of persons – feeding, dressing• Housework – cooking, clothes, shopping• Caring for people in communities

• Also paid care work: childcare, cleaners• Societies provide care – a “Care Diamond”:

State,

Market/employers,

NGOs, civil society and

Household /families

What is NOT Unpaid Care Work• market work

(work that is paid or generates income, e.g. harvesting and selling crops; selling eggs or bread; ironing for pay)

• productive work (including productive work that is unpaid, e.g. producing

products (furniture), unpaid work in a family business)

• non-work: sleep, personal care, entertainment, school

• providing money for family’s needs

(including paying for clothes, food, or childcare)

Investing in care…• Has a widespread, long-term, positive impact on wellbeing and

development• Care is a ‘social good’, not a ‘burden’• Care provision is critical to address inequality and vulnerability,

both care providers and receivers• Influences productivity and economic growth

Global Evidence: Care work is Heavy and Unequal

Oxfam’s markets programmes: Care work is Heavy and Unequal

HOW to? The 4Rs Approach

* “Three Rs of Unpaid Work” Prof. Diane Elson 2008

• Recognise* care work• Reduce difficult, inefficient tasks• Redistribute responsibility for care more equitably -

from women to men, and from families to the State • Representation of carers in decision-making

WHY we developed the Rapid Care Analysis Exercises

Organisational challenges

“I don’t know how to start”

“I have very little time or money…”

“I’m funded to do something else”

“My manager and the donor aren’t convinced”

“Care is a culturally sensitive, private issue”

“It’s a long-term, complicated process”

“It’s hard to show positive impact”

“Focus on a women’s issue in a mixed group??”

“I want to do advocacy work but I have no evidence”

?

Principles and purposeRapid Care Analysis (RCA) is a 1-2 day exercise with focus groups of 12-20 women and men, a first step to addressing care in development.

RCA is designed to show that ‘care’ is ….

•Significant: Collects evidence of the problems; quantitative data, stories and visual outputs

•Relevant: Improves impact of wider initiatives

•Feasible: Practical proposals for short term

•Appealing: Men involved; addressing care is a ‘societal issue’ about well-being

•Compelling: Leads to transformational change

•Flexible: In a range of cultures/programmes

•Workable: Simple, user-friendly exercises

•Inspiring: RCA aims to ‘open the door’ – get more people and projects interested in care

RCA focus group in the Philippines

Where Oxfam programmes are addressing ‘care’

UK

Azerbaijan

OPT:Honduras

Guatemala Nicaragua

Tanzania Sri Lanka

Philippines

Bangladesh

Colombia

UgandaEthiopia

MalawiZambia

Participants’ comments on Rapid Care Analysis

“We are thankful to have seen and understood the unequal contribution of men and women at household level.” Men’s group, Philippines

“It took time to clarify why we were discussing care. Then the first questions (who do you care for?) worked well to build cohesion in the group. It wasn’t long before the inequality between men and women were obvious. The most useful finding was on time use.” Honduras staff

“We need to include young people, boys and girls, in the exercises.” Bangladesh, Azerbaijan

“Women are really overburdened; something has to be done about this” – Imam, Mindanao, Philippines

“Some participants have managed to renegotiate care activities with their husbands and family members.” Colombia

“Participants struggled at first to connect family-provided care to governance... then participants realized how services and infra-structure reduce the difficulty of care, and linked care with poverty.

Why? RCA and the Household Care Survey

Ownership and interest!Estimated time use (numbers)Local ‘problem statement’Identify options for strategies

Rigorous research, Evidence for policy

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?

THE RCA METHODOLOGY

The Logic of the 4 Steps STEP 1: Explore relationships of care in the community

STEP 2: Identify unpaid and paid work activities performed by women and men.

STEP 3: Document the care activities that women and men undertake at household level and identify how changes in the context affect activities.

STEP 4: Discuss the support, services and infrastructure related to care that are available in the community. Identify options for reducing and/or redistributing care work.

But we use 7 exercises

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 1: Understanding care roles and relationships in households

FGD 2: Average weekly hours spent on different types of work

FGD 3: How care roles are distributed

FGD 4: Exploring changes in care patterns

FGD 5: Problematic care activities

FGD 6: Infrastructure and services that support care work

FGD 7: Identifying options to address the problems with care work

• What do we mean by ‘care work’?

• Whom do you care for?

• Who cares for you and others?

Exercise 1: Exploring relationships of care

Exercise 2: Unpaid & paid work activities

One day recall is ‘best’ estimate Simultaneous activities are critical to capture Categories-all work & non-work, care within that A week is representative (vs. day or month) Men and women

• Identify work activities of women and men• Estimate average weekly hours spent on

types of work

Exercise 2: estimating time use

Exercise two – example from Bangladesh

Women’s 84.5-hr week

Men’s 70-hr week

Unpaid care work: 57.75

Unpaid care work:

7

Unpaid community

work : 2Unpaid

community work: 3.5

Unpaid work for producing

or home consumption:

24.5

Unpaid work for producing

or home consumption:

7

Work to produce products for sale: 47.5-52

Work to produce products for

sale: 0

Paid labour: 21

Paid labour: 21

Exercise 3: analysis by gender & age

Categorywoman man girl boy Elderly

womanElderly man

meal preparation

water

energy

clean space

Clean clothes

child care

care of dependent adults

care of community members

Exercise 4: changes affecting care provision

• How is displacement affecting care?

• How are families coping with care tasks after disasters?

• Policy change (clinics, childcare) impacting care?

• Seasonal calendar of care?

• How is migration changing who provides care?

• How does a woman’s lifecycle affect care responsibilities?

• Identify most ‘problematic’ care activities, especially for women

Exercise 5 : Identify most ‘problematic’ care tasks

Time burden Limits mobility

Affects carer’s health

Preparing meals

Providing moral support

Collecting water

Nursing ill people

Exercise 6: Infrastructure & services to support careCommunity map of infrastructure and services that support care

Society provides care with ‘care diamond’*: state, market, community, family

Examples:

• Water supply

• Electricity, fuel

• Washing facilities

• Health services

• Schools, childcare

• Grain mills, oil presses

• Shops

• Services for elderly, disabled or HIV+ people

• Relatives

• Value of care in beliefs

* Shara Razavi 2007

Exercise 7: Identifying options to address the problems with care work

Solutions that have come out of RCAs:

• Practical and quick interventions

(to build confidence that change can happen)

• Awareness-raising on attitudes to care, and gender roles

(long-term transformation)

• Advocacy and campaigning for infrastructure and services

(institutional and structural change)

For example in Colombia

• Funding or investment needed?

• External support?

• Social acceptance?

• Impact – how much time saved for women? Health benefit? Mobility?

Colombia

In just a minute… planning for RCA

• ROLES

• Which FGDs/exercises?

• Who participates?

• Who facilitates?

• Who documents the discussions?

• Where? When? How long for?

• Preparatory meetings?

But first, your questions about the methodology

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS ON THE METHODOLOGY?

PLEASE TYPE IN

PLANNING AND LOGISTICS

LEARNING from other experiences

Questions for RCA• ROLES

• Which FGDs/exercises?

• Who participates?

• Who facilitates?

• Who documents the discussions?

• Where?

• When?

• How long for?

• Preparatory meetings?

• Logistics (food, transport, child care, materials etc.)?

Roles

1) Planning – Programme manager chooses facilitator, agrees on documentation and who will perform what role, decides on parameters of analysis based on desired outcomes and decides how to use the RCA

2) Facilitation – 1 woman, 1 man, Oxfam/partner staff or consultant, not necessarily gender expert but understanding of care, skilled in participatory methods and facilitation, fluent in local language, working with diverse groups, identifies sensitivities/beliefs and contextual issues prior to RCA…

3) Documentation and observation – 1 person designated to observe discussions and document, identify issues (consensus/debate), and document

Choices - Uganda RCA

Participants:

• group of ordinary people: mainly middle aged, some younger, some older, 60% women

• group of leaders: cultural, religious, political, women’s groups leaders

Number of RCAs: 4

• Locations: 4 sub-counties, primary school, outside, lodges

• Length: 1 day, 6.15 hours

Facilitators: staff of partner organisation (WORUDET), 2 facilitators, 1 observer, 1 translator

Choice of exercises: emphasis on FGD 2, 5, and 7, leave out FGD 6, divide step 3

Choices – Mindanao PHL experience

Target Date GroupJan 21 to 22, 2014 1. Urban Working

Women March 13 to 14 ,2014

1. Women Scallion Producers

March 2014 1. Men Scallion Producers

April 2014 1. Women in Balabagan,Picong and Kapatagan

May 2014 1. Women in Fisheries and Agriculture

1. Mixed Group (Men and Women)

Mindanao, PHL - 2 day exerciseDay 1 DAY 2

8:30 am to 9:30 am

Arrival of Participants A. Registration and Profiling B. Rationale of the Activity AMDF: Her story Overview and ObjectiveA. Introduction peopleB. Introduction of Care work

8:30 am to 9:00 am

Opening Activities A.Attendance B.Warm-up Activity

10:00 11:30

FGD 1.Understanding Care Roles and Relationships in Households

9:00 am to 10:30

FGD 4.Exploring Changes in Care Patterns

11:30 1:00 pm

Prayer and Lunch Break 10:30 am to 11:45

FGD 5.Problematic Care Activities

1:00 -3:00

FGD 2. Average Weekly Hours on different Types of Work

11:45 am to 1:00

Lunch and Prayer Break

3:00 4:00 p

FGD 3.Understanding Care Roles and Relationships in the Households

1:00 pm to 2:00

FGD 6. Infrastructure and Services that Support Care work

4:00 4:30 p

Closing Activities 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm

FGD 7. Identifying Options to address the problems with Care work

4:00 pm to 4:30 pm

Closing Activities

Training, Preparation, Materials

• Session 1: one week before RCA, introduction, plan mobilization

• Session 2: two days before RCA, training on tools

• Session 3: one day before RCA, continue training, prepare materials

• Session 4: after the RCA, documentation

Documentation (1/2)1) Numbers are important!

• time-use survey in Step 2!• Record hours for both gender, including ours of total work and

hours of unpaid care work• For consistency in data collection and for influencing • Compelling visual representations (e.g. graphs and infographics

which communicate the issue effectively to identified audiences)• To ensure awareness raising and influencing among identified

stakeholders

2) Follow a template!• Ensures consistency across countries so all countries are

represented in global communications• Ensures all key data is collected

Documentation (2/2)3) Quotes

• Write down the exact words of the participants so that they can be used as quotes

• Quotes are useful and can help illustrate:• The extent of the problems around care

• Gendered division of labour

• Shifts in belief

• Support at community level

• The importance of solutions

4) Record differences and disagreements• Include explanations for differences between participants’

answers during the exercises• Keep track of disagreements and contradictions• These might be due to factors such as: age, marital status, gender,

social status, economic status, older/younger wives in polygamous marriages, number of children, jobs, etc…

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?

training webinar rapid care analysis exercises thalia kidder, jane remme and maria michalopoulou...

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