training insights: a measure of students’ motivation to
TRANSCRIPT
Training Insights: A Measure of Students’ Motivation to Learn STEM on the Focus of Aviation
Davy, Ng Tsz Kit
Teacher, Po Leung Kuk Laws Foundation College
Research member, Center for Learning Sciences and Technologies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Officer, Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps
www.islide.cc 2
CONTENTS
OBJECTIVES
FINDINGS
METHODSLITERATURE
REVIEW
PROPOSAL DISCUSSION
01 0302
04 0605
Identify how students conceptualized their motivationalconstructs to learn STEM on the focus of Aviation
Identify correlations existed between students’ the fivemotivational factors (incl. intrinsic & extrinsicmotivation, self-efficacy, career interest, peer learning),grade level, gender and their flying performance.
Modified Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ II) wasused to measure different motivational constructs is significantfor students learning. 345 Primary 5 to Secondary 1 studentsfrom 10 schools participated in a flight simulation programme.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES01
LITERATURE
REVIEW
The definition “aviation education” has been
attributed to Strickler (1951) who defined it as “a
branch of general education concerned with
communicating knowledge, skills, and
attitudes about aviation” to promote and
implement STEM learning.
LITERATURE
REVIEW02
LEARNING STEM ON THE
FOCUS OF AVIATION
LITERATURE
REVIEW02
Science Solve aeronautical problems (e.g. Bernoulli principle, Principle of flight,
Three dimensions of axis, Force and Motion);
Technology Increase technology literacy with flight simulator (e.g. Human factors
design; Flight instrumental panel; Multimedia and simulation);
Engineering To provide students with experience (Streamlined shape design,
Interpretation of flight data; Understanding flight instruments: Rudder,
Elevators, Flaps and Ailerons);
Mathematics Improve students’ concept and knowledge of “Measure, Space, Speed,
Height, Direction” in the primary mathematics syllabus (HKCDC, 2017).
LEARNING MATHS (HK P.5-6) ON
THE FOCUS OF AVIATION
DimensionsDescription of Inquiry-based
Flight Simulation Activities
Numbers Airpeed, altitude, pitch angles and height
Shape and
Space
3-dimensional axis of yaw, pitch and row, direction and
bearing
Measures Airspeed, pitch angles, heading direction, angle of elevation
and acceleration rate.
Data handling Flight data between instruments
LITERATURE
REVIEW02
LEARNING SCIENCE ON THE
FOCUS OF AVIATION
LITERATURE
REVIEW02
Introduction of what the biofuel is.
(The chemical composition of the organism made up of hydrogen and
carbon, which can undergo combustion to yield for energy)
Current DSE Chemistry Syllabus:
Explain for the exothermic and endothermic reaction
Able to define the term of “standard enthalpy change of
combustion”
Example 1. Biofuel for Aircraft Body
LEARNING MATHS ON THE
FOCUS OF AVIATION
LITERATURE
REVIEW02
Imagine that some people are stuck on a mountain in bad weather.
Fortunately, with a mobile phone, they managed to contact the
nearest Mountain Rescue base for help.
Involved Mathematics Concept:
Direction, Speed,
Coordinate Geometry
Example 2. Rescue Team
The wingspan, S, is the length of the wing from
wingtip to wingtip. The chord is the average width
of the wing from leading edge to trailing edge.
Involved Mathematics Concept:
Area and Volume, Surface area
Example 3. Wing Area
LEARNING MATHS ON THE
FOCUS OF AVIATION
LITERATURE
REVIEW02
• “Play” to learn
•Keep learners’ curiosity by engaging them in play-like
learning activities is an effective approach to learn, thus making
games an important avenue to learning.
•Understand what things are and how they work, thus motivating
students to spend extra time and effort on it in game simulation
(Papert, 1980, 1993).
• “Turn knowledge into action” and interdisciplinary knowledge
especially mathematics and aviation concepts
LITERATURE
REVIEW02FLIGHT SIMULATOR AS
GAME-BASED LEARNING
LITERATURE
REVIEW02
Intrinsic
Motivation
Extrinsic
Motivation
Self-efficacy
Peer Learning
Career Interest
MOTIVATIONAL CONSTRUCTS TO LEARN
STEM ON THE FOCUS OF AVIATION
• 345 students from 10 schools will engage in
three tasks in a 1-hour flight simulation
workshop.
• Aviation science motivation questionnaire
(Lee, Yin & Zhang, 2010).
Measurement
METHODS
Frequency %
Gender*
Male
Female
163
178
47.2%
51.6%
Grade Level*
4
5
6
117
106
122
33.9%
30.7%
35.4%
Total n = 345
Dimensions Cronbach’s
alpha
Explained
Variance
Intrinsic
Motivation0.93 69.92%
Peer
Learning0.84 5.23%
Extrinsic
Motivation0.91 4.58%
Self-efficacy 0.89 3.20%
Career
Interest0.89 2.90%
Exploratory Factor Analysis
One EFA with the responses for 345 students
was performed. This analysis had a good
sample size and significant sphericity
(Bartlett’s Test < 0.000).
Descriptive
Dimensions
Factor
Loadings α Mean SD
Intrinsic
Motivation0.69-0.77 0.92 3.32 0.93
Extrinsic
Motivation0.70-0.83 0.84 3.11 1.01
Career
Interest0.74-0.77 0.85 2.84 1.09
Peer
Learning0.68-0.88 0.90 3.33 0.98
Self-
efficacy- 0.89 3.14 0.91
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (4 factors)
FINDINGS
Correlations among Motivational Factors in Flight Simulation Workshops (N = 345)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. Intrinsic
Motivation
1.00
2. Extrinsic
Motivation
.831** 1.00
3. Peer Learning .725** .674** 1.00
4. Self-Efficacy .857** .877** .705** 1.00
5. Career Interest .767** .804** .626** .787** 1.00
6. Gender .530** .587** .427** .611** .585** 1.00
7. Grade Level .008 .014 -.27 -.01 -.028 -.02 1.00
8. Learning
Outcome
.856** .817** .887** .809** .775** .521** -.002 1.00
** p < .016. Female students had lower scores than male students on all constructs
including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and peer learning.
7. Grade level does not influence on motivation factors.
FINDINGS
DISCUSSION
Inquiry-based learning Hands-on Flying Experience
How do teachers motivate students in STEM learning on the focus
of aviation?
What kind of learning activities can engage students in learning aviation?
DISCUSSIONMETHODS03
Flight Simulation Workshop (Students from all ages with different settings and devices)
Paper Plane Competition at Polytechnic University of Hong Kong & Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps
1. Theory→ 2. Flight Simulation→ 3. Learn to make a paper plane→ 4. Fly furthest and highest
Glider Making Workshop
Idea Presentation &
Flying Demonstration
Other Activities:
Coding with drone, AR & VR Application,
ATC, Radio Communication
DISCUSSION
Flight Simulator Workshops
Flight Sim. Demo.
Makers Career Drone, VR,
Radio…
• Proposed 1st Youth Conference of
Education Aviation.
• Research-based learning
• E.g. IACE
Presentation/ Demonstration
Makers Workshop
• Industrial visit
• Sharing by pilots, engineers
or professionals.
Occupational Sharing
• Coding.
• AR & VR application.
• Air Traffic Control
simulation.
• Radio communication
tasks.
Others
• Making aileron model.
• Make glider.
• Maker paper plane.
• Tablet.
• Laptop.
• Flight instruments.
• VR.
Training Insights: A Measure of Students’ Motivation to Learn STEM on the Focus of Aviation
• Teachers are important in Human Factors Fundamentals.
• Professional development network.
• International academic conferences, teachers and students can exchange
their ideas and vision with scholars, professionals and students across the
globe culturally and academically.
In the workshop, I would like to propose the Youth Aviation Education and
Training Symposium (YAETS) to be the first global youth activity that includes
lectures, workshops, field trips, projects and intercultural dialogue, etc to
promote aviation education.
1. Flying demonstration/ Idea presentation/ poster/ booth
2. Industrial visits
3. Exchange with students from all around the world who love aviation
4. University lessons/ workshops
TRAINING INSIGHTS
