training for the legal bar between 2004 – 2008: the profile of pupil barristers in england and...
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Training for the legal
Bar between 2004 –
2008: the profile of pupil barristers in
England and Wales
Anna Zimdars (Manchester) & Jennifer Sauboorah (Bar Standards Board)
ABFN November 18 2009
Overview
1. Rationale2. Methods 3. Findings4. Future Research5. Discussion
Three Questions about entry to the
Bar
I II III
What should the What is it? How do we profile of entrants be? change it?
Motivation
Equality of Opportunity
Monitoring
ideal research
from cradle to pinnacle of professional lifeattrition at every stage
Leave
Schooling
Leave
University
Legal Training
Leave
Area of practice
Employment status
Promotions
Honours
Salary
Leave
Actual Research Design
1) Who are the pupils? (2004-2008) Context
Low success rate Merit selection
Limitations cross-sectional
Data & Methods (study 1)
Data Source Pupillage survey - High response rate, about 95 % about 2,000 observations for four years (2004-08)
Data details parent occupation, ethnicity, gender, age University first degree, degree class, conversion
course, BVC grade Analysis:
1) Description of pupils2) Pupillage earnings3) Employed or self-employed practice4) Region – London or outside
Pupils Comparison
University
Oxbridge 32 4
Other Russell Group 36 27
Other 32 69
Degree Class
First 26 5
Upper Second 62 50
Lower 12 45
BVC grade
Outstanding 12 7
Pupils:
+ Oxbridge
+ Firsts
+ BVC outstanding
Pupils’ attainment
Pupils’ social background
Pupils:
+ high SES
+ White
+ male
+ not disabled
PupilsCompariso
n
Social class
Professional or Managerial
68 46
Working class 3 19
Ethnicity
White 80 77
Gender
Female 51 58
Disability
Yes 3 5
Pupillage Earnings
Education effects + Oxbridge (+4 to 6 K)
+ First (+4 to 6 K)
+ BVC outstanding (+ 3K)
Remaining effects of social background - female (-1 K)
- older than 25 (-1 K)
Working class and minority disadvantages in earnings accounted for by educational attainment
Attainnment Not Oxbridge Not First
Equalities Groups Female Older than 25 Disability
Employment Status – employed Bar
0
25
50
75
100
London Outside
Bar
Other Professions
Location Bar:
+ London
Bar
Other professional employment
London Oxbridge First Older than 25 Ethnic
minority
Location – London v Regions
Regions Not Oxbridge 2:1 or below Young White
Working class concentration outside London accounted for by attainment factors
Future Research (study 2)
Longitudinal Study
BVC entry into pupillage entry into tenancy
BVC 2000 to 2004 model
Secondary schooling pupillage and tenancy area of practice Prevalence of merit selection
Discussion