trafficking in human beings: modern slavery la trata de personas

THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Vatican city 2013

PO

NTIFICIA

ACADEMIA

SCIEN

TIA

RV

MTRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS: MODERN SLAVERY

Destitute peoples and the message of Jesus Christ

LA TRATA DE PERSONAS: LA ESCLAVITUD MODERNALas personas indigentes y el mensaje de Jesucristo

2-3 November 2013 • Casina Pio IV

Preface p. Prefacio p. Programme p. List of Participants p. Biographies of Participants p.3 5 7 9 10

The Young Slave, sculptureMichelangelo, c. 1525-1530

Working Group on

In our times, the common good is increasingly threatened by transnational or-ganized crime, the improper use of the markets and of the economy, as well as byterrorism.

It is therefore necessary for the international community to adopt adequatelegal instruments to prevent and counter criminal activities, by promoting interna-tional judicial cooperation on criminal matters.

In ratifying numerous international conventions in these areas, and acting alsoon behalf of Vatican City State, the Holy See has constantly maintained that suchagreements are effective means to prevent criminal activities that threaten humandignity, the common good and peace.

Apostolic Letter Issued Motu Proprio of the Supreme Pontiff Francis on the Jurisdic-tion of Judicial Authorities of Vatican City State in Criminal Matters, 11 July 2013.

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Following a wish expressed by Pope Francis,the Pontifical academy of Sciences and thePontifical academy of Social Sciences, to-

gether with the FiaMc (the World Federation ofcatholic Medical associations), are organisinga preparatory workshop on 2-3 november 2013in the casina Pio iV. this will examine humantrafficking and modern slavery in order to es-tablish the real state of this phenomenon andan agenda to combat this heinous crime. Forexample, the natural sciences today can pro-vide new tools that can be used against thisnew form of slavery, such as a digital registryto compare the Dna of unidentified missingchildren (including cases of illegal adoption)with that of their family members who have re-ported their disappearance.1

no one can deny that ‘the trade in humanpersons constitutes a shocking offence againsthuman dignity and a grave violation of funda-mental human rights’ and is an accelerator ofcriminal profits in this new century. the SecondVatican council itself observed that ‘slavery,prostitution, the selling of women and children,and disgraceful working conditions where peo-ple are treated as instruments of gain ratherthan free and responsible persons’ are ‘in-famies’ which ‘poison human society, debasetheir perpetrators’ and constitute ‘a supremedishonour to the creator’.2 in one of the fewdocuments of the Magisterium of the Popes onthis issue, quoted above, the Blessed John Paulii added that ‘such situations are an affront tofundamental values which are shared by allcultures and peoples, values rooted in the verynature of the human person’. the horrible in-

Trafficking in Human Beings: Modern SlaveryDestitute peoples and the message of Jesus Christ

PREFACE

crease in this crime, the Pope continued, is anew challenge for the social sciences and natu-ral sciences in the context of contemporaryglobalisation: ‘the alarming increase in thetrade in human beings is one of the pressingpolitical, social and economic problems associ-ated with the process of globalisation; it presentsa serious threat to the security of individual na-tions and a question of international justicewhich cannot be deferred’.3

according to the recent UNODC 2012 Reporton Trafficking,4 the Un started being aware of thisincreasing crime only in the year 2000, togetherwith the emerging effects of globalisation, andsubsequently drafted a Protocol to Prevent, Sup-press and Punish Trafficking in Persons, EspeciallyWomen and Children, supplementing the UnitedNations Convention against Transnational Organ-ized Crime, which has been signed by 117parties.5 according to the 2012 Report, the inter-national Labour Organisation estimated thatbetween 2002 and 2010 ‘20.9 million peoplewere victims of forced labour globally. this esti-mate also includes victims of human traffickingfor labour and sexual exploitation’ (p. 1). Eachyear, it is estimated that about 2 million peopleare victims of sexual trafficking, 60% of whomare girls. Human organ trafficking reaches al-most 1% of that figure, thus affecting around20,000 people who are forced or deceived intogiving up an organ (liver, kidney, pancreas,cornea, lung, even the heart), not without thecomplicity of doctors, nurses and other medicalstaff, who have pledged to follow Hippocrates’oath Primum non nocere instead. But these chill-ing figures ‘represent only the tip of the iceberg,

1 Prof. José a. Lorente (University of Granada), Dna-PROKiDS program, www.dna-prokids.org2 Gaudium et Spes, 27, http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_

19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html3 Letter of John Paul II to Archbishop Jean-Louis Tauran on the Occasion of the International Conference “Twenty-First

Century Slavery – The Human Rights Dimension to Trafficking In Human Beings”, www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/2002/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_20020515_tauran_en.html

4 www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/trafficking_in_Persons_2012_web.pdf5 http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=tREaty&mtdsg_no=XViii-12-a&chapter=18&lang=en

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as criminals generally go to great lengths to pre-vent the detection of their activities’ (p. 16).Some observers speculate that, within ten years,human trafficking will surpass drugs andweapons trafficking to become the most prof-itable criminal activity in the world. Recenttrends, however, indicate that human traffickingis already in the first place, so that far frombeing a declining social crime, it is becomingever more threatening.6 international sex traf-ficking is not limited to poor and undevelopedareas of the world – it is a problem in virtuallyevery region of the globe. countries with large(often legal) sex industries create the demand fortrafficked women and girls, while countrieswhere traffickers can easily recruit provide thesupply. Generally, economically depressed coun-tries provide the easiest recruitment for traffick-ers. the regions that produce the most sextrafficking victims are the former Soviet re-publics, asia, and Latin america.

Because of the enormous sums of money in-volved and the human scandal and moraldegradation of this traffic, which lead to pes-simism and resignation,7 many internationalinstitutions often turn their backs on thistragedy. this is why it is so important for thePaS and the PaSS, together with the Federationof catholic Medical associations, to follow thePope’s wish directly and sine glossa. today,against these new forms of slavery we need toadopt the venerable attitude of the catalan Je-suit St. Peter claver who saw african slaves inLatin america as fellow christians and, whenhe made his solemn profession in 1622, signedin Latin: Petrus Claver, aethiopum semper servus(Peter claver, always servant of the africans).

in short, this great saint embodied the chris-tian revolution, unknown to the Greeks and theRomans and to all previous civilisations, whichbegan explicitly with the famous letter to Phile-mon of St. Paul who urged him to considerOnesimus ‘no longer as a slave, but as morethan a slave, as a dear brother’. in other words,we must declare in our time with the SecondVatican council: ‘everyone must consider hisneighbour without exception as another self,taking into account first of all his life and themeans necessary to living it with dignity, so asnot to imitate the rich man who had no con-cern for the poor man Lazarus’. in definitiveterms, we must make our own the very wordsof the Lord: ‘whatever you did for one of theseleast brothers of mine, you did for me’ (Mt.25:40).

We must thus be grateful to Pope Francis foridentifying one of the most important socialtragedies of our times and having enough con-fidence in our catholic institutions to instruct usto organise this workshop. as he said during thecanonisation of the Mexican saint, GuadalupeGarcía zavala, ‘this is called “touching the fleshof christ”. the poor, the abandoned, the sickand the marginalised are the flesh of christ. andMother Lupita touched the flesh of christ andtaught us this behaviour: not to feel ashamed,not to fear, not to find “touching christ’s flesh”repugnant. Mother Lupita had realized what“touching christ’s flesh” actually means’.8 PopeFrancis’ words are a clear reaction, following ofJesus christ’s message, to this new form of con-temporary slavery which constitutes an abhor-rent violation of the dignity and rights of humanbeings.

6 María de los ángeles Placio de arato, Trata de personas y prostitución en la provincia de Córdoba, córdoba (Rep.argentina) 2013, p. 17.

7 The Whistleblower, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/the_Whistleblower is an important documentary film aboutthis issue.

8 Homily of Pope Francis, Saint Peter’s Square, Seventh Sunday of Easter, 12 May 2013, www.vatican.va/holy_fa-ther/francesco/homilies/2013/documents/papa-francesco_20130512_omelia-canonizzazioni_en.html

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Trafficking in Human Beings: Modern Slavery • La trata de personas: la esclavitud moderna • Preface

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Respondiendo a un deseo del Papa Fran-cisco, las Pontificias academias de lasciencias y de las ciencias Sociales junto

a la FiaMc (Federación internacional de lasasociaciones de Médicos católicos), están orga-nizando un seminario preparatorio que se ce-lebrará los días 2 y 3 de noviembre de 2013 enla casina Pío iV y que abordará la trata de per-sonas y la esclavitud moderna a los efectos deestablecer el real estado de la situación y unaagenda para combatir dicho crimen atroz. Porejemplo, hoy la ciencia puede proveer contraesta nueva forma de esclavitud instrumentosantes desconocidos, tales como un registro in-formático del aDn para cotejar tanto los datosgenéticos de los niños desaparecidos (inclusopor adopciones ilegales) como los de los fami-liares que los reclaman.1

a nadie se le ocurre negar hoy que «la tratade personas constituye un crimen escandalosocontra la dignidad humana y una violacióngrave de los derechos humanos fundamenta-les», además de ser un evidente acelerador delucro criminal en nuestra centuria. ya el conci-lio Vaticano ii establecía perentoriamente que«la esclavitud, la prostitución, la trata de blan-cas y de jóvenes, así como las condiciones labo-rales degradantes, que reducen al trabajador alrango de mero instrumento de lucro, sin respetoa la libertad y a la responsabilidad de la per-sona humana» son «infamantes» y «degradanla civilización humana, deshonran más a susautores que a sus víctimas y son totalmente con-trarias al honor debido al creador».2 En uno delos pocos documentos del Magisterio Papalsobre este crimen, citado supra, el Beato JuanPablo ii añade: «tales situaciones son una

La trata de personas: la esclavitud modernaLas personas indigentes y el mensaje de Jesucristo

PREFACIO

afrenta a los fundamentales valores comunes atodas las culturas y pueblos, valores radicadosen la naturaleza íntima de la persona hu-mana». El horripilante incremento de este cri-men —concluye el beato Papa— es un nuevodesafío para las ciencias sociales y naturales enel contexto de la hodierna globalización: «elalarmante crecimiento en la trata de seres hu-manos es uno de los problemas políticos, socia-les y económicos más apremiantes asociadoscon el proceso de globalización; tal representauna amenaza seria a la seguridad de las nacio-nes individuales y una cuestión de justicia in-ternacional que no puede ser diferida».3

Según el reciente informe UNODC 2012 Reporton Trafficking4, las naciones Unidas empezaron atomar seria conciencia de tal creciente crimen so-lamente a partir del año 2000, junto con los efec-tos negativos consecuentes a la globalización.así, más recientemente establecieron un Proto-colo, firmado ya por 117 Estados partes, para pre-venir, reprimir y sancionar la trata de personas,especialmente mujeres y niños, que comple-menta la convención de las naciones Unidascontra la Delincuencia Organizada transnacio-nal.5 Según el citado informe de 2012, entre 2002y 2010 la Organización internacional del trabajoestima que «globalmente, 20,9 millones de per-sonas fueron víctimas de trabajo forzado. Esta es-tadística incluye también las víctimas de la tratade personas para la explotación laboral y sexual»(pág. 1). cada año se estima que alrededor de 2millones de personas son víctimas del tráfico se-xual, de las cuales el sesenta por ciento son niñas.El tráfico de órganos de seres humanos es casi el1% de esta cifra. Luego afecta a unas 20.000 per-sonas a las que con diferentes formas de engaño

1 Prof. José a. Lorente (Universidad de Granada), programa Dna-PROKiDS, www.dna-prokids.org2 Gaudium et Spes, 27, http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_

19651207_gaudium-et-spes_sp.html3 Letter of John Paul II to Archbishop Jean-Louis Tauran on the Occasion of the International Conference “Twenty-First

Century Slavery – The Human Rights Dimension to Trafficking In Human Beings”, www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/2002/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_20020515_tauran_en.html

4 http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/trafficking_in_Persons_2012_web.pdf5 http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=tREaty&mtdsg_no=XViii-12-a&chapter=18&lang=en

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se les extraen, en forma ilegal, órganos como elhígado, el riñón, el páncreas, la cornea, el pul-món, inclusive el corazón, no sin la complicidadde médicos, enfermeros y demás personal, com-prometidos con juramento en vez a seguir el prin-cipio de Hipócrates: Primum non nocere. Estasescalofriantes estadísticas «representan sola-mente la punta del iceberg, ya que los criminalesgeneralmente hacen de todo para ocultar la de-tección de sus actividades» (p. 16). algunos ob-servadores sostienen que, en pocos años, la tratade personas superará el tráfico de drogas y dearmas, y se convertirá así en la actividad criminalmás lucrativa del mundo. Más aún, las recientestendencias sitúan la trata alcanzando ya el pri-mer lugar, por lo que lejos de ser un crimen socialen retirada, tiene una presencia cada vez másamenazante.6 tal trata sexual internacional nose limita a las zonas pobres y subdesarrolladas,sino que se extiende virtualmente a todas las re-giones del globo. Mientras que los países con unavasta (y a menudo legal) industria sexual engen-dran la demanda de la trata de mujeres, jóvenesy niñas, los países económicamente deprimidosproporcionan mayormente el suministro. Es enestos últimos donde los traficantes pueden reclu-tar con mayor facilidad. Las regiones de origende la mayoría de las víctimas de la explotaciónsexual son las antiguas repúblicas soviéticas,asia y américa Latina.

a causa de los enormes intereses implicadosy del escándalo humano y degradación moralde tal trata, que llevan al pesimismo y a la re-signación,7 las más veces las instituciones inter-nacionales le dan la espalda. Muy por elcontrario, las academias Pontificias de las cien-cias y de las ciencias Sociales, junto con la Fe-deración de asociaciones de Médicos católicos,quieren hacer frente a este delito siguiendo di-rectamente y sine glossa el deseo del Papa Fran-cisco. Hoy, contra estas atroces formas deesclavitud queremos recuperar la venerable ac-titud del Jesuita catalán San Pedro claver, quienconsideraba a los esclavos africanos en Latino-

américa como sus hermanos y amigos cristianosmás íntimos. tanto fue así que, cuando hizo suprofesión solemne en 1622, firmó en Latín: Pe-trus Claver, aethiopum Semper servus (Pedro cla-ver, siervo de los etiópicos para siempre). Ensíntesis, este gran Santo encarna la gran revolu-ción del mensaje de cristo, no conocida ni porlos griegos ni por los romanos ni por ningunaotra civilización precedente, que comienza ex-plícitamente con la epístola célebre a Filemón deSan Pablo, donde le aconseja considerar a Oné-simo «no ya como esclavo, sino como más queesclavo, como querido hermano». En otras pa-labras, debemos aseverar en nuestros días con elconcilio Vaticano ii que «cada uno, sin excep-ción de nadie, debe considerar al prójimo comootro yo, cuidando en primer lugar de su vida yde los medios necesarios para vivirla digna-mente, no sea que imitemos a aquel rico que sedespreocupó por completo del pobre Lázaro».Debemos en definitiva hacernos cargo de lasmismísimas exigentes palabras del Señor: «en lamedida que lo hicieron con el más pequeño de mishermanos, lo hicieron conmigo» (Mt 25,40).

Somos deudores al Papa Francisco que ha sa-bido identificar uno de los más dramáticos des-afíos sociales de nuestra época y nos lo haconfiado, demostrando el aprecio que tiene porlas instituciones católicas que organizan el se-minario. como él ha dicho durante la recientecanonización de la Santa mexicana GuadalupeGarcía zavala «esto se llama ‘tocar la carne decristo’. Los pobres, los abandonados, los enfer-mos, los marginados son la carne de cristo. yMadre Lupita tocaba la carne de cristo y nosenseñaba esta conducta: no avergonzarnos, notener miedo, no tener repugnancia a tocar lacarne de cristo. Madre Lupita había entendidoqué significa eso de ‘tocar la carne de cristo’».8

Estas palabras del Papa Francisco son la clarareacción desde el mensaje de cristo a estanueva forma de esclavitud contemporánea,que constituye una violación aberrante de ladignidad y de los derechos de las personas.

Trafficking in Human Beings: Modern Slavery • La trata de personas: la esclavitud moderna • Prefacio

6 María de los ángeles Placio de arato, Trata de personas y prostitución en la provincia de Córdoba, córdoba (Rep.argentina) 2013, p. 17.

7 Es importante también el film documental The Whistleblower (también conocida como La verdad oculta o Secretospeligrosos), http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/the_Whistleblower

8 Homilía del Santo Padre Francisco, Plaza de San Pedro, Vii Domingo de Pascua 12 de mayo de 2013,http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/francesco/homilies/2013/documents/papa-francesco_20130512_omelia-cano-nizzazioni_ sp.html

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PROGRAMME

9:00 WelcomeH.E. Msgr. Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo, chancellor of the Pontifical academies of Sciences andSocial SciencesJosé María Simón, President of the World Federation of catholic Medical associations (FiaMc)

9:10 IntroductionCard. Roger Etchegaray, Vice Dean of the college of cardinals • Honorary President of the meeting

9:30 Status quaestionisYuri Viktorovich Fedotov

10:00 Discussion

10:15 Human Trafficking in the World. Challenges and Responses of the International CommunityWilliam Lacy Swing

10:45 Discussion

11:00 coffee break

11:30 The Tragedy of Modern SlaveryJeffrey Sachs (invited)

12:00 Discussion

12:15 A Sociological ApproachMargaret S. Archer

12:45 Discussion

13:00 Lunch at the casina Pio iV

14:30 An Economic and Educational ApproachJuan J. Llach

15:00 Discussion

15:15 Global Infamy: Growth, Patterns, and Meaning of Forced Migration in the new MillenniumMarcelo and Carola Suárez-Orozco

15:45 Discussion

16:00 Argentine Experience and ApproachGustavo Vera

16:30 Discussion

16:45 coffee break

17:15 Data about AsiaJohn Lee

17:45 Discussion

19:00 Dinner at the casina Pio iV

Saturday 2 November 2013

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Trafficking in Human Beings: Modern Slavery • La trata de personas: la esclavitud moderna • Programme

9:00 From Sexual Revolution to Sexual Exploitation. The Dark Side of Sexual “Liberation”Ermanno Pavesi

9:30 Discussion

9:45 Prostitution, Drugs and AIDS • How to Live With Dignity? Rehabilitation and Reintegration into Social LifeMaría Inez Linhares de Carvalho

10:00 Discussion

10:15 coffee break

10:45 The African Situation and the Neo-Colonialism of the International AgenciesHenrietta Williams

11:15 Discussion

11:30 Avances policiales sobre la trata de seres humanosFrancisco Barreiro Sanmartin

12:00 Discussion

12:15 Lunch at the casina Pio iV

14:30 DNA-PROKIDS: Science against Child TraffickingJosé Antonio Lorente

15:00 Discussion

15:15 Avances metodológicos para combatir la trata de personasJorge Nery Cabrera Cabrera

15:45 Discussion

16:00 The EU Legal and Policy Response on Trafficking in Human BeingsMyria Vassiliadou

16:30 Discussion

16:45 coffee break

17:15 The Modern Day Slave Trade: How the United States Should Alter the Victims of Trafficking and Vio-lence Protection Act in Order to More Effectively Combat International Sex TraffickingMelissa R. Holman

17:45 Discussion

18:00 General discussion and Final Statement

19:00 Dinner at the casina Pio iV

Sunday 3 November 2013

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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Prof. Margaret S. ArcherDirector, centre d’Ontologie SocialeEPFL Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL – collège des HumanitésLausanne (Switzerland)

Coronel Francisco Barreiro SanmartínGeneral of the Spanish civil Guard(Spain)

Prof. Antonio M. Battroacademia nacional de EducaciónBuenos aires (argentina)

Card. Roger EtchegarayVice Dean of the college of cardinalsHonorary President of the meeting(Vatican city)

H.E. Amb. Yuri Viktorovich FedotovExecutive Director of the United nations Office onDrugs and crime (UnODc);Director-General of the Un Office at Vienna UnOVVienna (austria)

Dr. Melissa R. Holman, J.D.,assistant attorney GeneralOffice of the attorney General of texasaustin, tX (USa)

Dr. John LeeVice President, World Federation of catholicMedical associations – Fédération internationaledes associations Médicales catholiques (FiaMc)Singapore (Singapore)

Dr. María Inez Linhares de CarvalhoPresident, Federación de asociaciones Médicascatolicas Latino-americanas (FaMcLaM)Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

Prof. Juan José LlachDirector, GESE (centro de Estudios de Gobierno,Empresa, Sociedad y Economía)iaE-universidad australBuenos aires (argentina)

Prof. José Antonio Lorente, M.D., Ph.D.Scientific Director, centro Pfizer – Junta deandalucía centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GEnyO)Universidad de Granada (Spain)

Dr. Jorge Nery Cabrera CabreraDirector General del institutonacional de ciencias Forenses (inaciF)(Guatemala)

H.E. Amb. Pierre MorelDirector of the Pharos Observatory of culturaland Religious PluralismParis (France)

Dr. Ermanno PavesiSecretary General, World Federation of catholicMedical associations – Fédération internationaledes associations Médicales catholiques (FiaMc)(Switzerland)

H.E. Msgr. Marcelo Sánchez Sorondochancellor, Pontifical academy of Sciencesand Pontifical academy of Social Sciences(Vatican city)

Dr. José María Simón CastellvíPresident, World Federation of catholicMedical associations – Fédération internationaledes associations Médicales catholiques (FiaMc)

Prof. Carola Suárez-Orozcoco-Director, institute for immigrant children & youthUniversity of californiaLos angeles, california (USa)

Prof. Marcelo Suárez-OrozcoDean, GSE&iS,Distinguished Professor of EducationUniversity of californiaLos angeles, california (USa)

H.E. Amb. William Lacy SwingDirector Generalinternational Organization for Migration (iOM)Geneva (Switzerland)

Ms. Myria VassiliadouEuropean anti-trafficking coordinatorEuropean commission, DG Home-affairsBrussels (Belgium)

Mr. Gustavo VeraPresidente, Fundación La alameda, Buenos airesy profesor de enseñanza primaria de una escuela de Villa Lugano(argentina)

Dr. Henrietta Maria WilliamsPresident,association of catholic Medical Practitioners of nigeriaFiaMc (nigeria)

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BIOGRAPHIES OF PARTICIPANTS

Francisco Barreiro Sanmartín. coronel Jefe de la coman-dancia de la Guardia civil de Barcelona. El coronel Barreiroha pasado casi toda su carrera profesional vinculado a lacomunidad autónoma de cataluña, habiendo prestado susservicios en las provincias de Barcelona, tarragona y Gironaen unidades de Seguridad ciudadana y Policía Judicial desde1983. Francisco Barreiro es natural de San Roque (cádiz), eingresó en el colegio de Guardias Jóvenes de Valdemoro en1973. Siete años después ingresó en la academia GeneralMilitar de zaragoza, obteniendo el empleo de teniente en1982. cuenta con numerosas condecoraciones militares,civiles y policiales, entre las que destacan la Medalla de Orode la Defensa nacional Francesa, Placa de la Real y MilitarOrden de San Hermenegildo, cruz al Mérito Militar y lacruz de Plata del Mérito de la Guardia civil entre otras.

Cardinal Roger Etchegaray, Vice Dean of the college ofcardinals, President emeritus of the Pontifical council ofJustice and Peace and Pontifical council “cor Unum”, wasborn 25 September 1922 in Espelette, diocese of Bayonne,France. His father was an agricultural mechanic. after study-ing at the minor seminary at Ustaritz, he continued his spir-itual and scientific preparation at the major seminary atBayonne and at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome,obtaining a licentiate in sacred theology and a doctorate incanon law. Ordained a priest 13 July 1947, he began hisfirst pastoral ministry in his native diocese, that of Bayonne,before becoming, in 1961, deputy director of the secretariatof the French episcopate, and engaged, at the same time, inthe creation of a secretariat for pastoral care. From 1966 to1970, he filled the post of Secretary-General of the Frenchepiscopate, before becoming titular Bishop of Gemelle dinumidia and auxiliary Bishop of Paris on 29 March 1969.On 22 December 1970 he became archbishop of Marseilles(until 1984) and in 1975 succeeded cardinal Marty as pres-ident of the French Episcopal conference. He was re-electedon 27 October 1978 (until 1981). From 25 november 1975until 23 april 1982, he has also been prelate of the “Missionde France”. Even before becoming a Bishop and particularlyafter his episcopal ordination (27 May 1969), he played avery important part on the international ecclesial level.From 1965, the year of the close of the Second Vaticancouncil, he was secretary of the liaison committee of theEuropean Episcopal conferences, and in 1971 he becamethe first president of the new European council of Episcopalconferences. He was re-elected to the office in 1975. Histerm of office expired at the end of the work of the FourthSymposium which took place in Rome from 17-21 June1979. He was also one of the main architects of the Europeanecumenical meeting at chantilly. He also took part in thework of the Synod of Bishops and was also, in 1974, a

member of the council of the Synod secretariat. His theologicaland socio-religious interventions recall the commitment ofa living church. Well prepared on a theological level andthoroughly familiar with the problems of France and of theFrench church, he has given lectures on his researches andreflections at important meetings and cultural center. Healso has written about the most burning ecclesial and socialproblems, defense of human rights as a necessity of conscienceand recalls the serious problem of unemployment. On 8april 1984 he was called to Rome and was nominated Pres-ident of the Pontifical council of Justice and Peace (he stayeduntil 24 June 1998) and President of the Pontifical councilcor Unum (he stayed until 2 December 1995). throughoutthe years, cardinal Etchegaray has always carried out anuntiring service in favor of peace, human rights and needsof the poor, bringing the message and love of the Pope tomany nations. On 15 november 1994, he was named Pres-ident of the central committee of the Holy year 2000. On30 april 2005, the Holy Father Benedict XVi approved theelection by the cardinals of the Order of Bishops, of cardinalEtchegaray as Vice Dean of the college of cardinals. createdand proclaimed cardinal by John Paul ii in the consistoryof 30 June 1979, of the title of the Surburbicarian churchof Porto-Santa Rufina (24 June 1998).

Yuri Fedotov. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointedMr. yuri Fedotov of the Russian Federation Executive Directorof the United nations Office on Drugs and crime (UnODc)and Director-General of the United nations Office in Vienna(UnOV) on 9 July 2010. He holds the rank of Under-Secre-tary-General of the United nations. Before that, Mr. Fedotovserved as ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiaryof the Russian Federation to the court of St. James’s inLondon for five years. From 2002 to 2005 ambassadorFedotov served as Deputy Minister of Foreign affairs of theRussian Federation for international Organizations. as amember or head of Russian delegations he took part inmany international conferences and forums such as sessionsof the General assembly, EcOSOc, Un commission on Hu-man Rights, UniDO, UnEScO, WFP, Un EcE, EScaP etc. inhis personal capacity, he was also a member of the collegeof commissioners of the Un commission on Monitoringand Verifications in iraq (UnMOVic). From 1999 to 2002Mr. Fedotov was Director of the Department of internationalOrganizations, Member of the Board of the Ministry ofForeign affairs of the Russian Federation. Prior to that, from1993 to 1999 he was Deputy Permanent Representative ofthe Russian Federation to the United nations in new york,where he dealt with Security council and General assemblyaffairs as well as other numerous issues related to leadingUnited nations bodies and organizations. From 1988 to

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1993 Mr. Fedotov worked in the Foreign Ministry in Moscowas Deputy Director of the Department of international Or-ganizations. Mr. Fedotov started his foreign service in 1972as a member of the USSR delegation to the United nationsDisarmament committee in Geneva. He subsequently tookup a number of diplomatic assignments in Moscow, as wellas at the Embassies in algeria and india. Mr. Fedotov holdsthe title of Honorary Mhas Member of the Diplomatic Serviceof the Russian Federation, and has been awarded the Orderof Friendship, several medals. He has also received the cer-tificate of appreciation from the President of the RussianFederation. Mr. Fedotov is a career diplomat. He graduatedfrom the Moscow State institute of international Relations(MGiMO), speaks fluent English and French and has a basicknowledge of German.

John Lee. Family practitioner graduated from national Uni-versity of Singapore (nUS 1982); clinical tutor (nUS) Edu-cation at catholic Junior college, St Patrick’s and St Stephen’sSchool; Vice President, World Federation of catholic Medicalassociations (FiaMc) 2006 onwards, Executive committeemember (since 1996), Director communications (2002 to2006); Mission coordinator of missions to Myanmar, cam-bodia, china, indonesia (aceh, yogyakarta, Batam & nias)and timor Leste; President, asian Federation of catholicMedical associations aFcMa (2000 to 2004) & chairmanMissions committee since 2004; Master, catholic MedicalGuild of Singapore (1985-1999), Hon Secretary (1983-1985),Executive committee member since 1982; council member,Matercare international (since 2000); St. Vincent de Paulhonorary physician (since 1982); chairman, archdiocesanBioethics committee (since 2000); chairman, archdiocesanMarian year committee (1988); Executive council memberFamily Life Society (2000 to 2005); Director, caritas Human-itarian aid and Relief initiatives Singapore (cHaRiS) 2010to 2012; Founder, a call to Share (actS) 2007; Warden(Queen of Peace since 1975). Other parish activities: con-ducting novena services, Eucharistic minister and catechist;Member archdiocese crisis coordination team (acct) 2005;Hon Secretary Singapore Medical association (1990-1992);Vice President University of Singapore Students’ Union 1980;chairman Joint campus Students Union (University of Sin-gapore and nantah University) 1981. Benefactor of the LaSalle Brothers 2002; award for participation in tsunamirelief by Ministry of community, youth and Sport (Singapore)2005; Letter of appreciation, Minister of Education, Sportsand youths (Kingdom of cambodia) 2008 and 2010.

Melissa Holman is a 2009 honors graduate of the Universityof texas School of Law. While there, she extensively re-searched the topic of international sex trafficking, and even-tually published a paper critiquing the United States' Victimsof trafficking and Violence Protection act of 2000. She alsoserved as an editor for the texas international Law Journal.after completing her law degree, Ms. Holman spent twoyears working for Senior United States District Judge HarryL. Hudspeth, whom she assisted in adjudicating federal civillawsuits. She now works as an assistant attorney Generalfor the State of texas, where her legal practice focuses pri-marily on defending lawsuits asserting claims under theU.S. constitution and various federal statutes.

Maria Inez Linhares-Carvalho. President of FaMcLaM (Federation of association Medical catholic of americanLatina); Director of ambulatório da Providência; Directorof Santo antônio Support House for social outcasts; Director

of clinica iris – Preventive Médicine. Degrees: MD – Universityof the State of Rio de Janeiro, 1978. Distinctions: LeopoldKunschak Prize in 1994, by austrian Government, for out-standing services performed in the science and researchesfor the human kind wellbeing aims; São Sebastião Socialand cultural Prize, in 1997, the best social work in Rio deJaneiro State.

José A. Lorente. Born in Seron (almeria, Spain) on June 25,1961. academic Degrees: M.D. 1985, University of Granada;Ph.D. (Medicine, Forensic Medicine): 1989, University ofGranada (Special Honours); Specialist in Occupational &industrial Medicine (1987); Specialist in Forensic Medicine(1990). actual Position & Programs: Full Professor of Legaland Forensic Medicine, University of Granada (1994-); Directorof the Laboratory of Genetic identification at the Universityof Granada (1990-); Director GEnyO – Pfizer – University ofGranada – andalusian Government center for Genomicsand Oncology (2007-); Scientific Director “Phoenix Programof Spain” – Missing Persons Genetic identification Program(1997-); Scientific Director “Dna-PROKiDS – internationalMissing Kids identification (2005-) – www.dna-prokids.org;President, iberoamerican Scientific Group on Dna analysis(GitaD) – (1997-); President, academia iberoamericana decriminalística y Estudios Forenses (aicEF); (1998-2006) –aicEF’s iLO (2008-); asian Forensic Science network (aFSn)Honorary Member. Research & Scientific activity: over 140papers published in national and international Journals;attendance of >180 national and international meetings;conferences & meetings in >35 countries. Research areasof interest: Human genetic identification (forensic genetics):StRs, sequencing, SnPs; Missing persons and missing kids –human trafficking prevention; cardiac sudden death & ge-netic markers for prevention; Human genetic variability &solid tumors – early diagnosis; circulating metastatic cells– detection & typing; ancient Dna. Following Scientific So-cieties: aaFS (since 1995, Fellow; #088936-criminalistics);iaLM (int. acad. Legal Medicine); aicEF (Latin americanacad. Of criminalistic and Forensic Studies); iSaBS, aEEMt,aEGH; aFSn (Honorary Member, 2009).

Pierre Morel est né le 27 juin 1944 à Romans (France). Di-plômé de l’institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, licencié endroit et ancien élève de l’Ecole nationale d’administration,il est entré Quai d’Orsay en 1971. après avoir participé à lacréation du centre d’analyse et de Prévision en 1974, il futensuite nommé à l’ambassade de France à Moscou (1976-1979). il a servi à la Présidence de la République de 1981 à1985, comme conseiller technique (affaires européennes etsommets multilatéraux) et en 1991-1992, comme conseillerDiplomatique du Président Mitterrand. nommé ambassadeurà la conférence du Désarmement à Genève en 1986, il aprésidé le Groupe de travail sur la convention sur l’interdictiondes armes chimiques en 1989. ambassadeur de France enRussie de 1992 à 1996, il a été ensuite ambassadeur deFrance en République Populaire de chine (1996-2002), puisprès le Saint-Siège (2002-2005). il a été nommé ReprésentantSpécial de l’Union Européenne pour l'asie centrale en octobre2006 et additionellement pour la crise en Géorgie (2008-2011), et il a terminé son mandat le 30 juin 2012. il estdepuis Directeur de l'Observatoire Pharos du Pluralisme desculture et des Religions.

Jorge Nery Cabrera Cabrera. Médico y cirujano egresadode la Universidad de San carlos de Guatemala, Especialistaen Patología, con maestría en Medicina Forense obtenida

Trafficking in Human Beings: Modern Slavery • La trata de personas: la esclavitud moderna • Biographies


de la Universidad Mariano Gálvez de Guatemala. Desde elaño 2000 a la fecha se ha capacitado en temas de Gestióny acreditamiento de la calidad, Patología Forense, Odon-tología Forense para Médicos, investigación Judicial y Vio-lencia Femicida, análisis de riesgo y seguridad estratégica,Metodología y técnicas de entrevista a niños, niñas y ado-lescentes víctimas y transgresores, Medicina Forense y, Me-dicina Legal, actuación de los operadores de justicia engrandes catástrofes y, situaciones declaradas de emergencia,entre otros. Ha realizado pasantías en el instituto de MedicinaLegal de San Juan Puerto Rico, Oficina del Medical Examinersdel condado de Harris Houston, texas, USa, instituto na-cional de Medicina Legal y ciencias Forenses de colombia.En 1997 inicia su desarrollo profesional, ocupando variasposiciones en el instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social,como Médico en el Departamento de Patología, Jefe de Re-sidentes de Patología, Patólogo en Enfermedad común. Pos-teriormente labora para el Ministerio Público, desarrollándosecomo Médico Forense y asesor-consultor Médico Legal enla Fiscalía de Delitos contra la Vida e integridad de las Per-sonas, continuando su recorrido laboral en el instituto na-cional de ciencias Forenses de Guatemala -inaciF- cuandose creó, en donde ocupa varias posiciones como Perito Pro-fesional ii de la Medicina, en el área de Patología y clínicaForense, como coordinador de Patología de la Sede de lazona 3, como Jefe de la Unidad de Medicina Forense y ac-tualmente como Director General. Ha impartido diferentescátedras en la Facultad de ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, enel Laboratorio de Histología de la Facultad de ciencias Mé-dicas, en la Escuela de criminalística y criminología, en elLaboratorio de criminalística de la Escuela de criminalísticay criminología, de la Universidad Mariano Gálvez. Es miem-bro de la asociación de Patología clínica de Guatemala, dela asociación nacional de Patólogos de Guatemala, del co-legio de Profesionales de Medicina de Guatemala, y actual-mente es miembro activo de la academia iberoamericanacriminalística y Estudios Forenses –aicEF-. Publicó el artículo“Utilidad de la Morgue y sus avances en la Medicina Forense”en la Revista D, marzo 2009. impartió la conferencia y par-ticipó en la investigación “Principales Causas de Muerte enGuatemala” en el congreso de colegios de centro américay del caribe realizado en noviembre 2007. En el congresoDepartamental de Jutiapa, organizado por la asociaciónde Médicos y cirujanos de Jutiapa impartió la conferencia“Informe e Implicaciones Médico Legales en la Práctica Médica”agosto de 2011 y, asesoró la tesis: “Importancia del Uso de ladocumentación como apoyo a las medidas de seguridad en do-cumentación de identificación personal”.

Ermanno Pavesi. nato a Savona (italia) il 9 novembre1947, cresciuto a Piacenza, laurea in medicina (1973) e spe-cializzazione in psichiatria (1977) all’Università di Modena.ha lavorato in diverse cliniche psichiatriche della Svizzeratedesca, tra cui le cliniche universitarie di Basilea e zurigo.Fino al pensionamento (marzo 2013) responsabile del Di-partimento di Gerontopsichiatria della clinica psichiatricadi Herisau, cantone appenzello esterno. Membro dalla fon-dazione dell’associazione italiana alleanza cattolica. Dal1988 al 2006 segretario dell’associazione Medici cattoliciSvizzeri. Dal 2010 Segretario generale della FiaMc. Docentedi Psicologia alla Gustav-Siewerth-akademie, a Weilheim-Bierbronnen/Germania e alla Facoltà di teologia di coira(Svizzera), docente ospite all’Università abat Oliba di Bar-cellona (Spagna). autore di circa 200 pubblicazioni su temidi psicologia, psicoterapia, suicidio, nuovi movimenti religiosi,storia della medicina.

José María Simón Castellví. nacido el 31/3/1963 en SaoPaulo, Brasil. Licenciado en Medicina y cirugía, con sobre-saliente, por la Universidad de Barcelona (1987). Grado de li-cenciatura en Medicina y cirugía, con sobresaliente, por laUniversidad de Barcelona. Doctor en Medicina y cirugía, cumlaude, por la Universidad de Barcelona (investigación en of-talmología). Especialista en Oftalmología, vía Médicos internosResidentes (MiR), Hospital clínic i Provincial de Barcelona.académico del institut Mèdico-Farmacèutic de catalunya.Miembro de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Miembrotitular de la Société Française d’Ophtalmologie. autor de loslibros: Los ojos del ciudadano, club de autores, 2000; Ojospara siempre, E-Book 2012. coautor: segunda edición deltratado “Glaucomas” (en prensa); “El lóbulo prefrontal. Bioax-iopráxico-volicional”, JiMS; “neuroftalmología”, JiMS; “Oph-thalmology”, “Refractive Surgery”, “Laser cataract Surgery”,“Presbyopia”, “Phako, Phakonit & Laser Phaco”, “Wavefrontanálisis, aberrometers and corneal topography” (Boyd-agar-wal), “Phacoemulsification” (Slack, 3rd, 2-Vol.), Handbook ofOphthalmology (Slack, 2005), texbook of corneal topography(Jaypee, 2005; 2nd ed. 2010), agarwals’ textbook on contactlenses (Jaipee, 2005), Dry eye (Slack, 2006), Fundus Fluoresceinand indocyanine Green angiography (Slack, 2007), RefractiveSurgery nightmares (Slack, 2007), Management of complica-tions in Ophthalmological surgery (Highlights of Oph., 2007),Refractive Surgery (2nd ed., Jaypee, 2008), color atlas of Oph-thalmology (2nd ed., thieme, 2010), Phacoemulsification (4thed., Jaypee-Highlights, 2011), complications in Ocular Surgery(Slack, USa, 2013). Libro-carta a los médicos católicos de todoel mundo (7 lenguas; 2006). Libro Decisions sobre Juan Pabloii, la salud y la vida. Barcelona y ciudad del Vaticano. noviem-bre de 2011. DL: B-37343-2011. Libro Decisions sobre la Med-icina y la nueva Evangelización. Barcelona. Septiembre de2012. DVD en 3 dimensiones. “Guardians of Life”. Sobre “Viday Stem cells”, 2012-13. DVD en 3 dimensiones. “Guardians ofHealth”. niños enfermos, junio de 2014. coautor del cD“cirugía de la catarata”, allergan. autor de numerosos artícu-los, ponencias y comunicaciones en publicaciones y congresosprofesionales españoles y extranjeros. Ha participado en nu-merosas ocasiones en debates televisivos y radiofónicos sobretemas profesionales. Les livres français d’ophtalmologie traduitsen espagnol, Mémoires de la Société Francophone d’Histoirede l’Ophtalmologie, nº 23, mai 2009. Preside, hasta noviembrede 2005, una OnG médica desde 1993: Médicos cristianos decatalunya http://www.federaciocristians.org/Metges anteri-ormente fue vice-secretario y representante en Europa de lamisma institución. articulista de zenit. Miembro fundador deE-cristians http://www.e-cristians.net articulista del diario elec-trónico Forum Libertas http://www.forumlibertas.com y dehttp://doctortarres.free.fr/ Presidente de la revista internacional“Decisions”. Miembro de la asociación Médica internacionalde Lourdes (aMiL). Presidente de la Federación internacionalde asociaciones Médicas católicas (FiaMc) www.fiamc.orgdesde mayo de 2006. Miembro desde 2011 del consejo Pontificiopara los agentes Sanitarios (Pastoral de Salud). asesor delcomité episcopal de familia y vida de la conferencia episcopal.Miembro del consejo editorial de http://www.aleteia.org/

Carola Suárez-Orozco. Education: U.c. Berkeley, californiaSchool of Professional Psychology, San Diego. awards, Honors,Fellowships: chair, american Psychological association Pres-idential task Force on immigration (2010 to 2012); institutefor advanced Study Fellowship (2009/10) [Princeton, nJ];Virginia & Warren Stone award — Harvard University Press’Outstanding Book on Education and Society (2007) [for Learn-ing a new Land: immigrant Students in american Society;

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american Psychological association Presidential citation(2006) [for research and contribution to understanding ofimmigrant youth and families]; Society for Research on ado-lescence Social Policy Best Book award (1996) [for transfor-mations: immigration, Family Life & achievement Motivationamong Latino adolescents]. teaching and Research interests:immigrant families, children, and youth; academic trajectoriesof engagement and performance among immigrant adoles-cents the “social mirror” & identity formation; immigrantfamily separations; the role of mentors in facilitating positivedevelopment in immigrant youth; the gendered experiencesof immigrant youth; the effects of unauthorized status ondevelopment; civic engagement among emerging adults;community college experiences of immigrant youth. SelectPublications: Suárez-Orozco, c., yoshikawa, y., ternaishi, R.,& Suárez-Orozco, M. (2011). Growing up in the Shadows:the Developmental implications of Unauthorized Status.Harvard Educational Review. 81(3) 438-472; Suárez-Orozco, c.,Bang, H.J., & Kim, H.y. (2011). “i Felt Like My Heart WasStaying Behind:” Psychological implications Of immigrantFamily Separations & Reunifications. Journal of AdolescentResearch, 21(2), 222-257; Suárez-Orozco, c., Gaytán, F.X.,Bang, H.J. ,Pakes, J., & Rhodes, J. (2010). academic trajectoriesof newcomer immigrant youth. Developmental Psychology,46(3) 602-618; Suárez-Orozco, c., Suárez-Orozco, M. & todor-ova, t. (2008). Learning a New Land: Immigrant Children inAmerican Society (cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press);Suárez-Orozco, c. & Suárez-Orozco, M. (2001). Children ofImmigration. (cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press).

Marcelo Suárez-Orozco. Education: Ph.D., Department ofanthropology, University of california, Berkeley (1986);M.a., Department of anthropology, University of california,Berkeley (1981); a.B., Department of Psychology, Universityof california, Berkeley (1980). awards, Honors, Fellowships:Special advisor to the chief Prosecutor, the internationalcriminal court, the Hague, the netherlands, 2012; theFisher Membership Fellow, institute for advanced Study,Princeton, nJ, 2009-2010; Fellow, center for advanced Studyin the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, 1992-1993; the Virginiaand Warren Stone Prize, awarded annually by HarvardUniversity Press for an Outstanding Book on Education andSociety, 2007; Orden Mexicana del águila azteca. (the Mex-ican Order of the aztec Eagle), 2006; Member of the nationalacademy of Education. (Elected april 2004); america’s 100Most influential Hispanics. Hispanic Business Magazine,2001. Master of arts, Honoris causa, Harvard University(1995). Select Publications: Learning a New Land: ImmigrantStudents in American Society. (carola Suárez-Orozco, MarceloSuárez-Orozco, and irina todorova). (2008) cambridge Ma:the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Latinos: Re-making America. Second Edition. (Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozcoand Mariela Páez, Editors). (2009) cambridge, Ma andBerkeley, ca: David Rockefeller center for Latin americanStudies at Harvard University and University of californiaPress; Making Migration Work. (Marcelo Suárez-Orozco,carola Suárez-Orozco, and carolyn Sattin-Bajaj). PeabodyJournal of Education, 2010, 85 (4): 535-551; Migrations andSchooling. (Marcelo Suárez-Orozco et al.) Annual Reviews ofAnthropology. 2011, Vol. 40:311-28; Writing Immigration:Scholars and Journalists in Dialogue. (Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco, Vivian Louie and Roberto Suro, Editors). (2011)Berkeley and Los angeles: University of california Press.

Myria Vassiliadou assumed office in March 2011 and isbased within the European commission, DG Home-affairs.

the position of EU anti-trafficking coordinator was initiallyforeseen in the “Stockholm Programme” and elaborated inthe EU anti-trafficking Directive 2011/36/EU. the EU anti-trafficking coordinator is responsible for improving coor-dination and coherence among EU institutions, EU agencies,Member States and international actors and developing ex-isting and new EU policies to address trafficking in humanbeings. the EU anti-trafficking coordinator also monitorsthe implementation of the new and integrated “EU Strategytowards the Eradication of trafficking in Human Beings(2012-2016)” and provides overall strategic policy orientationfor the EU's external policy in this field. Ms Vassiliadou holdsdegrees in Sociology and Social Research and a doctorate inSociology from the University of Kent at canterbury, UK.She has also been a Research Fellow at the Solomon aschcentre for Study of Ethno-political conflict, at the Universityof Pennsylvania. Ms Vassiliadou previously served as SecretaryGeneral of the European Women’s Lobby, the largest networkof women’s associations across the EU. She was a foundingmember of the think tank Mediterranean institute of GenderStudies and served as its Director for seven years and subse-quently as the chair of the Board of administration. Forover a decade, Ms Vassiliadou worked as an assistant Professorof Sociology at the University of nicosia and taught under-graduate and graduate classes in Sociology. Ms Vassiliadoupreviously worked in the European commission as a Detachednational Expert in DG Research. Furthermore, she has servedas a member of various advisory Boards, Expert Groupsand acted as a consultant at the national and internationallevel. She has worked extensively in the area of fundamentalrights, as these relate to questions of trafficking in humanbeings, gender, migration, ethno-political conflict, and themedia. She has been published in several books and journals,conducted workshops and seminars, and has been activelyinvolved in various think tanks, EU wide research projectsand both national and international non-governmental or-ganisations. She is trained as a counsellor on interpersonalviolence against women and also as a facilitator and mediatoron conflict transformation and negotiations.

William Lacy Swing On 18 June 2008, ambassadorWilliam Lacy Swing of the United States was elected asthe next Director General of the international Organizationfor Migration (iOM). He assumed his post on 1 October2008. On 14 June 2013, he was re-elected by acclamationfor a second term to be the Director General of the iOM(1 October 2013 – 30 September 2018). From May 2003till January 2008, as Un Special Representative of the Sec-retary-General (SRSG) for the Democratic Republic of thecongo (DRc), ambassador Swing successfully led all facetsof the largest Un peacekeeping operation in history. Priorto his work in the DRc, ambassador Swing served from2001 to 2003 as the Special Representative to the Secre-tary-General for Western Sahara and chief of Mission forthe Un Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara(MinURSO). During a long diplomatic career at the USDepartment of State, Mr. Swing was a six-time ambassador,managing some of the largest diplomatic missions andforeign development and humanitarian aid programmesin two hemispheres, with a record of strengthening bilateralrelationships. through his diplomatic assignments incountries facing significant migration movements, he hasacquired a deep understanding of the multiple factors af-fecting international migration. ambassador Swing grad-uated from catawba college in north carolina (Bachelorof arts) and yale University (Bachelor of Divinity), and


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did post-graduate studies at tubingen University in Ger-many and at Harvard University. He speaks fluent Frenchand German.

Gustavo Vera. Maestro de grado (profesor de enseñanzaprimaria) de una escuela pobre de Villa Lugano; Presidentede la Fundación alameda y la cooperativa de trabajo 20de diciembre. La alameda es una organización no guber-namental (OnG) argentina que lucha contra la trata depersonas, trabajo esclavo, explotación infantil, proxenetismoy narcotráfico. nacida como una asamblea barrial de lacrisis del 2001 tuvo reconocimiento nacional e internacionalcon las denuncias y escraches a talleres clandestinos (queconfeccionan prendas para marcas reconocidas y diseñadoresfamosos), granjas donde se reducen a servidumbre a personas(el caso del niño Ezequiel Ferreyra que tuvo repercusión denaciones Unidas y prostíbulos manejados por importantespolíticos y personajes de poder). Su rol protagónico halogrado modificaciones de legislaciones nacionales y pro-vinciales, como ordenanzas municipales que combaten latrata y trabajo esclavo, como así también asistencia a lasvíctimas. a lo largo del país la fundación logró que se cons-tituyan nuevas sedes y grupos afines en Rio Gallegos, Mardel Plata, córdoba y Mendoza. Entre las actividades másdestacadas realizadas se encuentran el cierre del barrio delos 36 prostíbulos conocido como “las casitas de tolerancia”de Rio Gallegos, el desmantelamiento de más de un centenarde prostíbulos en Mar del Plata, la creación de 70 centrosde asistencia infantil en Mendoza donde había fuerte trabajode menores en los campos, las ordenanzas en varios distritospara cierre de prostíbulos, etc. Desde la cooperativa 20 dediciembre lanzaron en 2007 su propia marca llamadaMundo alameda, alentando el consumo responsable deproductos libres de trabajo esclavo. En 2009 estrecha lazoscon otros con otras cooperativas y lanza junto a ellos nochains (Sin cadenas), la primera marca global libre de tra-bajo esclavo, integrada por Mundo alameda (argentina),Dignity Returns (tailandia), Defend Job (Filipinas), 100%Milik Pekerja (indonesia) y la asociación de Mujeres traba-jadores de Hong Kong. a mediados de 2012 y celebrandolos 10 años de vida como OnG, la Fundación alamedalanza el portal de noticias agenda Oculta en la que escribendistintos columnistas sobre temas que no se encuentran ensu mayoría dentro de los medios masivos de comunicación.

Henrietta Maria Williams M.D. (Obs & Gynae), Fertilitycare Medical consultant, Fertility care Practitioner, B.a.Divinity. President of the association of catholic MedicalPractitioners of nigeria (acMPn). Born in Lagos on the 19thJuly 1950, Dr. (Mrs.) Henrietta Williams is the youngestdaughter of chief Louis Orok Edet, the first indigenous ins-pector General of Police in nigeria, and Mrs Margaret Edet,the founding president of the christian Mothers association

of nigeria. Her passion in life is integrating the harmoniousunity of faith into medical science to provide holistic andculturally acceptable medical services that will improve thequality of life of african women and their families. Her pri-mary and secondary education in Lagos, was at Mount car-mel School, Holy child college, Queens college, and theHoly child School, Mayfield in the United Kingdom. UniversityEducation in medicine was at the University college, London,and at the Lagos University teaching Hospital with postgra-duate training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology there and atthe institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the RoyalPostgraduate Medical School London in 1991. after workingat the Lagos island Maternity and the Lagos University te-aching Hospital for many years, Dr. Williams decided tosub-specialise in Fertility following her work in Prof. OsatoGiwa Osagie`s team in pioneering the iVF ( in vitro fertili-sation) program, that successfully produced the first iVFbaby in africa. in 2003, due to growing interest in thecatholic religion, she graduated in theology at the Maryvaleinstitute in Birmingham, United Kingdom, and proceededto the Pope Paul Vi institute for the Study of Human Repro-duction in Omaha nebraska, U.S.a. to qualify in 2004 asthe first african certified Fertility care Medical consultantin the new Women`s Health Science called naPROtEcH-nOLOGy which provides creighton Model natural familyplanning and infertility treatment approved by the catholicchurch. in 2009, she completed Management studies at theLagos Business School. She is the current national Presidentof the association of catholic Medical Practitioners ofnigeria, and the nigerian Program Director for the postgra-duate training of doctors and midwives in naprotechnology.15 nigerian Doctors and 21 nurse practitioners have beentrained. She is the founder of MLE foundation, a United na-tions Registered nGO of the committee for the Status ofWomen which is committed to providing free natural familyplanning and safe motherhood services to women at grass-roots level to reduce the number of women dying in childbirth.She serves in various capacities on several organisations:the Family and Human Life Unit of the catholic Secretariatof the catholic Bishops conference of nigeria and of Lagosarchdiocese; the Foundation For african cultural Heritage;the international Organisation of catholic Gynaecologists(MatERcaRE); the Provincial Marriage advisory councilof Lagos; the Social communications Unit of the archdioceseof calabar. She has received several awards such as theaward of Excellence by the World Union of catholic Women`sOrganisation, and others from african traditional rulerssuch as chieftaincy titles of aDa iDaHa KE EFiK EBRUtUby the Obong of calabar, and the Erelu amona apesin ofEgba Land by the alake of abeokuta. She has been marriedto chief Ladi Rotimi-Williams S.a.n. for 41 years, and theyhave 4 children and 3 grandsons.


For the biographies of the academicians of the PaS and PaSSsee www.pas.va and www.pass.va

15

MEMORANDUM

1) From 19 to 21 April 2013 a bus will leave the Domus Sanctae Marthae for the academy, 15 min-utes before the beginning of the morning session (8.45 am). On 18 April, at hrs 18.00 a bus will takethe participants from the casina Pio iV to Villa Bonaparte (see programme) and then back to theDomus Sanctae Marthae after the reception. the same service will be available on 19 april to reachPalazzo Farnese and to come back to the Domus Sanctae Marthae.

2) Lunch and dinner for the participants will be served at the academy except dinner on 18 and 19april, that will be respectively served at Villa Bonaparte and at Palazzo Farnese.

if you are a vegetarian, please let us know as soon as possible.

3) Wifi is available in the casina Pio iV’s conference hall. Please log in to the network calledWLan_PaDS using “guest” as the username and “password” as the password.

4) Cable internet access is available at the Domus Sanctae Marthae at 7.50€ per day.

5) A visit to the Vatican Museums can be arranged for accompanying persons. Please leave yourname with the secretariat in order to form a group.

NotePlease give your form for the refunding of expenses to the secretariat as soon as possible so that youcan be refunded immediately.

vers. 21 (18-04-2013) f.

vers_24 (31-07-13)

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Ingresso Sant’UffizioThe ‘Sant’Uffizio’ gate

Ingresso del PeruginoThe ‘Perugino’ gate

Chiesa di Santo Stefanodegli Abissini

St Stephenof the Abyssinians Church

DomusSanctae Marthae

Altare Tomba S. PietroAltar of St Peter’s Tomb

Ingresso Sant’AnnaThe ‘Sant’Anna’ gate

IngressoMusei Vaticani

Entrance gateto the Vatican Museum

tHE POntiFicaL acaDEMy OF SciEncES • caSina PiO iV • V-00120 Vatican citytel: +39 0669883451 • Fax: +39 0669885218 • Email: [email protected]

For further information please visit:www.pas.va

Sede della PontificiaAccademia delle Scienze

Seat of the PontificalAcademy of Sciences(CASINA PIO IV)

trafficking in human beings: modern slavery la trata de personas

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