TRADE BETWEEN AND AMONG THE CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS

Second Century B.C.E.

HAN dynastyCENTRAL

WESTERN

ASIA

SILK

WOOLS, GOLD, SILVER, RELIGION

Extended range of

trade Combination of small regional tradeChina government support

Epidemic spreadPopulation de-

creasedeconomy

Culture exchange and ac-

commoda-tion Religions

Technological inno-vations

INDIA IN THE SILK ROAD

Nation China Western part, include Rome

Exportation

Importation

Background- Decline of Mauryan dynasty Absence of imperial state Kushian empire and other state

stablized society. Northern Indians were major

traders.Spices: Pepper, sesame oilExotic: pearls, corals, ivory, cotton textiles

Spices: cloves, nutmegSilk, perfumes, magical potion, drugs

Glassware, jewelry, artwork, perfumes, pottery, iron goods

Their role in Silk roadTheir most important exportation was the greatest Culture : Religion which is Buddhism and Hinduism

Buddhist merchants observed their faith among themselves and explained it to others.

From Oasis communities, Buddhism spread

Buddhism spread north and southeast from India while Hinduism spread to southeast Asia

JI YOON PARK “MEDITTERANEAN REGION”

Italy: salt, olive oil, wine, wool fabrics, leather

products, and glass for luxury goods

*Mediterranean region: Greece, Roman Empire, Italy*Trade commodities: silk, spices, ginger, cinnamon, pepper, sesame oil, glassware, jewelry, works of art, pottery, olive oil, wine, iron tools, uncut gemstones*Interacting countries: China, southeast Asia, India, Arabia

*Wants: High-quality silk and fine spices*Who: merchants(social) Roman subjects such as Greeks, Jews, and Armenians (ethnical)*Trade Conduction: State visits, long-distance travel, overland camel trade

CHINESE TRADE BY SILK ROADWHAT DID PEOPLE IN CHINA TRADE THROUGH SILK ROAD?SILK AND SPICESWHAT DID THEY TRADE WITH OTHER PLACES?CENTRAL ASIA/ ROMAN EMPIRE/ MEDITERREAN WHO DID THE TRADING?ZHANG QIAN/ GANG YING/ MERCHANTS/ NOMADS/INDIVIDUALSHOW WAS THE TRADE CONDUCTED?GUNANGZHOU TO ROMAN EMPIRE AND CHANG’ AN TO INDIAWHO DID THEY TRADE WITH?

Maritime

Silk Road

NOMADSYung Sakong

Q1) What are nomads?

Nomads are people who: “moved back and forth between the same forest and grazing areas year after year.” (Stearns, 14)

During the silk road era, nomads in Europe – Asia followed the oases routes

“… in the oasis towns along the silk roads – notably, Merv, Bukhara, Samarkand, kashgar, Khotan, Kuqa, Turqan, and Dunhuang…” (Traditions and Encounters, 295)

Q2) What roles did nomads play in the Silk Route trade?

“Nomadic peoples from the steppes visited the oases regularly to trade animal products from their herds from grains and manufactured items… By the fourth century C. E., they throughout much of central Asia.” (Traditions and Encounters, 295)“ Nomands also , including the traffic along the Silk Road from western China to the Middle East … sometimes the

… they usually had to ” (Stearns, 199)

sponsored the spread of Buddhism

facilitated long-distance trade

nomads captured of destroyed empires and civilizations and created their own successor states adopt the institutions, social arrangements, and economic practices of the settled peoples

1. Spread Buddhism around the Silk Road

2. Encourage long-distance trade

3. Destroyed or created civilizations

4. Spread social & economical systems

DUNHUANG

- Buddhism- Popular Religion- Christianity- Judaism- Islam

Adapting to the region andbecoming a part of local religionor Remaining isolated withinforeign communities

THE SILK ROAD AND THE RELATED TRADE ROUTES

RELIGIONS ALONG THE SILK ROAD

Silk Road: Trade Route betweenwestern China through centralcentral Asia to the Middle Eastand Mediterranean

A formative and transformativerite of passage

MAP OF PRINCIPAL BELIEF SYSTEMS ALONG THE SILK ROAD

One of the biggest oasis citiesCenter of Buddhism as well

Thank You

DISEASES ON SILK ROADS-YI YOUNG CHOI

1. Because trading meant interaction with others, most diseases were epidemic disesmallpox, measles, and epidemics of bubonic plagueases. Such as,

2. Rome(reign of Augusts): one quarter of population died China(400~600CE): By 400CE, 10million people died compared to

200CE. By 600CE, 5million people died compared to 400CE. Persian and India both were affected by epidemics, but relatively have

unclear evidence. Black Death which originated from China, spread to Europe during the

trade. Due to flea in the mice, it spread rapidly, killing one third of the population

3. It basically hindered the trade. Since the population of the region decreased, there was no one to trade with. Furthermore, in Black Death’s case, their has been an increase in the way peasants and urban workers were treated

ALONG THE TRADE ROUTES Maritime trade routes:-Mostly in Eastern Hemisphere… -From southern China to the east and southeast:

sea lane through the South China Sea-Busy in the routes that linked southeast Asia

with Ceylon and India -From India to Persia and Arabia: sea lanes

through the Arabian Sea ->provided important links

The things that were traded along the routes:- Southeast Asia : spices, ginger-Han (China) : Silk, lacquer ware

-Roman: gold, silver, wine, olive oil, glassware, perfumes

-India: pepper, sesame oil, cotton textiles, pearls, coral, ivory

-Central Asia: jades, strong horses