tracing networks: ontology software in a nutshell
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Tracing NetworksTracing Networks
Yi HongDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Leicester
Introduction to ontology-based database and software application
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Semantic WebSemantic Web
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“Semantic web is an evolution to the current web and provide new information representation feature.”
•Current web•Document-centric•Human readers•Syntax (Schema)•HTML, XML etc.
•Semantic web•Knowledge representation•Machine readable•Semantics (Ontology)•RDF, OWL etc
Tracing Networks programme
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OntologyOntology
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What is an ontology?“An ontology is a formal specification of a conceptualization” -Thomas Gruber
Domain ontology e.g. (CIDOC-CRM for archaeology, Gene, GXO for Genetics)
Ontology
Concepts
Specified byDescribes
Modelled by
Domain
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Relational database vs Ontology-Relational database vs Ontology-based databasebased database
Image on a ceramic vessel found at Sopron-Várhely
4(provided by Katharina)
Example : Image tagging and search for human representation database
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Object ID: 15 Inventory number: 443 Excavation site: Sopron-Várhely (N47.66519, E16.518044
Hungary) Human figure (individuals)
◦ rider◦ wagon guide◦ wagon rider
Animal◦ 2 horses
◦ 1 horse Material:
◦ ceramic Technology:
◦ Incised
`
etc.……….(60+ attributes)
Data
Relational database vs Ontology-Relational database vs Ontology-based databasebased database
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Database schema
Entity-relationship diagram
Relational database (MS Access 2007)
Relational database vs Ontology-Relational database vs Ontology-based databasebased database
tables, fields (columns)
Data
primary-foreign key pairs
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Relational vs Ontology-based Relational vs Ontology-based databasedatabase
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Relational Database
Ontology-based Database (Triple
store) MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server,
MS Access etcJena SDB, virtuoso universal server, RDF/OWL document
Database Schema (table, field, key)
Ontology(class, property, individual)
records triples (RDF graph)
Data Structure
Basic elements
Database products
Data storage
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OntologyOntology
◦Semantics Class Property Individual
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OntologyOntologyA Triple is:
Basic element in the ontology world.contains three parts: subject, predicate and object.
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OntologyOntologyA Triple is:
Basic element in the ontology world.contains three parts: subject, predicate and object.
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OntologyOntologyRDF Graph A set of triples become a graph An ontology-based database is a graph
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(Protégé Ontology Editor)
Relational database vs Ontology-Relational database vs Ontology-based databasebased database
http://protege.stanford.edu/
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Relational vs Ontology-based Relational vs Ontology-based databasedatabase
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SQL
generate
Relational Database
query
Database
Query language SPARQL
generate
query
Ontology-based Database (Triple
store)
Query Interface
Text-based keywords+ options Graph pattern
Search
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Why use ontology?Why use ontology?
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Tags: cat , mouse,
• Problem with traditional keyword search• Ambiguous semantics• Labelling objects rather than relationship
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Why use ontology?Why use ontology?
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Tags: cat , mouse,
• Problem with traditional keyword search• Ambiguous semantics• Labelling objects rather than relationship
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Why use ontology?Why use ontology?
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Tags: cat , mouse,
• Problem with traditional keyword search• Ambiguous semantics• Labelling objects rather than relationship
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Why use ontology?Why use ontology?
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Tags: cat , mouse,
• Problem with traditional keyword search• Ambiguous semantics• Labelling objects rather than relationship
chase?
Who is chasing who?
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Why use ontology?Why use ontology?
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◦ Problem with traditional keyword search Difficult to describe complex and arbitrary query Unable to perform automatic reasoning
Query:
“Display images with an animal and a person on them, along with what is happening between them"
rider
horse
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Why use ontology?Why use ontology?
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◦ Single user Mode vs Collaborative Mode Degree of uncertainty User credibility and expertise
definitely a
horse!
probably a
fox ?
Domain-specific expertise index = E(d)
Degree of uncertainty = CF
horseTagged area 95%
Is a
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Query results visualisation Query results visualisation --Geo-mappingGeo-mappingKeyhole Markup Language (KML/KMZ)
http://code.google.co m/apis/kml/documentation/
◦ XML-based language.◦ Supports place marks, images, polygons, 3D
models, textual descriptionsCompatibility◦ Google Map◦ Google Maps for Mobile ◦ Google Earth◦ ESRI ArcGIS Explorer,
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Query results visualisation Query results visualisation - Statistical charts- Statistical chartsGoogle Chart API
◦ http://code.google.com/apis/chart/◦ Interactive Flash◦ Javascript arrays or XML files
Compatibility◦ Most mainstream browsers
Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome
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Ontology-based software demoOntology-based software demo
Semantic tagging
Query by graph pattern
Integration with Google earth
Statistical charts
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System ArchitectureSystem Architecture
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LinksLinksA Guide to Creating Your First Ontology
◦ By Stanford University◦ http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology-
tutorial-noy-mcguinness-abstract.htmlProtégé Ontology editor
◦ http://protege.stanford.edu/ (Version 3.4.* )◦ Protégé tutorial
http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/tutorials/protegeowltutorial/CIDOC-CRM ontology
◦ An ontology for culture and heritage domain◦ http://www.cidoc-crm.org/
KML guide and tutorial◦ http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/
kml_tut.html24