tr 74 adaptation-c cplanning nep

23

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng of]hgf

22


>fj0f @)^&hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jg sfo{qmddfkm{tM 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L=–g]kfnkf]=j=g+= !)^sf7df8f}+, g]kfnkmf]g g+= M (&&–!–$$!))!)ÇofS; g+=M (&&–!–$$!)$^(O{d]n M [email protected]

http://www.lfp.org.np

hnjfo" kl/jt{g cg's"ngsf pkfox?nfO{ s;/L;d'bfodf cfwfl/t of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog

k|lqmofdf ;dflxt ug]{ <

-cjwf/0ff, k|lqmof tyf ljlwx?_

hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngsf pkfox?nfO{ s;/L;d'bfodf cfwfl/t of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf

;dflxt ug]{ <

-cjwf/0ff, k|lqmof tyf ljlwx?_

hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jg sfo{qmd

>fj0f @)^&

tof/ kfg]{M

ljdn /fh /]UdL/fd' ;'j]bL

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k[i7e"ld (Background) !

cg's"ngsf] d'Vo cjwf/0ff (The Key Concepts of Adaptation) @

cg's"ng s] xf] < (What is Adaptation ?) #

cg's""ngsf k|sf/x? (Types of Adaptation) $

cg's"ng of]hgfsf k|sf/x? (Types of Adaptation Plans) %

k|efjsf/L cg's"ngsf] dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?

(Guiding Principles of Good Adaptation) *

cg's"ng gLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f (Developing Adaptation Policies and Plan) (

cg's"ng of]hgf k|lqmof (Adaptation Planning Process) !!

of]hgfsfnfuL ;'emfj ul/Psf s]xL ljlwx? -pbfx/0f_

Suggested Planning Tools (Example) !#

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ngsf d'Vo l;sfO{(Key Learning on Community based Adaptation) !&

;Gbe{ ;"rL @!

cg';"rL

26


1


k[i7e"ld (Background)

xfdLn] nfvf}+ ul/a kl/jf/nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] vt/f÷hf]lvd / To;n] lgDTofPsf]k|efj;Fu h'em\g ;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' 69\sf/f] cfjZostfePsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DjwL cGt/ ;/sf/L ;d"x (IPCC)

åf/f xfn;fn} k|sflzt k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kf/]sf]k|efjnfO{ k|i6;Fu b]Vg / cg'e"lt ug{ ;lsG5 . o;n] c;dfg'kflts 9+un] ul/a÷cltsdljsl;t b]zsf ul/a ;d'bfonfO{ al9 c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . of] k|efj olt ltj| x'Fb} 5 ls,ul/a ;d'bfox? ljBdfg hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] wSsf;Fu t h'em\g ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gg\,eg] hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 eljiodf x'g ;Sg] vt/fsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] ;fdYo{sf] ts"/} 5f]8f}+ . t;y{, oL hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfonfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/;Fu h'em\g;Sg] jgfpg cg's""ng Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . o; sfo{sf] nflucGt/f{li6«o:t/af6 s]xL cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt klg ePsf] 5 tfklg ul/a d'n'ssf];/sf/nfO{ o:tf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb}df pQm ;xof]u tL ul/a / hf]lvdsf]vt/fdf k/]sf ju{df k'U5 eGg] ;'lglZrtf 5}g . b'u{d e]sdf a;f]af; ug]{ To:tf;LdfGts[t ju{x?n] ;/sf/af6 ;Lldt ;]jf / ;xof]u dfq k|fKt ub{5g\ . nfvf}+sf];+Vofdf /x]sf oL ju{x?df pQm ;xof]u k'–ofpg' /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o bft[ lgsfosf];fd' 7'nf] r'gf}tL b]lvG5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng / cg's"ng Ifdtf ;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ ljsf;sf] d"nk|lqmofdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ s"/f ljsf;sf gLlt, k|of; tyf cEof;x? ;fd' Pp6f k|d'vljifoj:t'sf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng ;DaGwL cEof; l;sfO{sf]cfwf/df cufl8 a9\g] Ps ultzLn k|lqmofsf] ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] kfOG5 . :yfgL:t/dfhf]lvddf k/]sf ;d'bfo / ax'—;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;d'bfo cg's"ngof]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] ljs]Gb|Ls[t Pj+ på{ufdL -bottom–up) of]hgf th'{dfk|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbG5 .

k|:tfljt ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofn] :yfgLo:t/df cg's"ng ;DaGwLcfjZostfx?sf]] klxrfg ug{ ;Sb5, h;n] Psflt/ :yfgLo txdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]sf/0f kg{ ;Sg] vt/f / hf]lvdnfO{ sd ug{df d2t ub{5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;d'bfo:t/dfhnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Pj+ k|efj;Fu h'em\g ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ub{5 . o;n]ljBdfg of]hgf th'{dfsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo txdf PsLs[t Pj+ ;+of]lht cg's"ngsf

2


k|of;x?nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu cfjZos ;+oGqsf] ljsf; tyf ;'b[9Ls/0fdf hf]8lbG5 . o;sf] cnjf hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng Ifdtf clej[l4sf] k|of;df of]hgfth'{dfsf] p¢{ufdL k|lqmofnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng ;DaGwLultljlwx?nfO{ klg lhNnf tyf ufpF:t/df ljBdfg :yfgLo ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfk|lqmof;Fu} ldnfP/ n}hfg' cfjZos x'G5 .

cg's"ngsf] d'Vo cjwf/0ff(The Key Concepts of Adaptation)

dfgj >[lht hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fgsf] pTklQ df};d lj1fg (meteorology) Pj+

h}ljs–ef}lts zf:q (bio-physical science) af6 ePsf] xf,] h;df jftfj/0fLo

lj1fgsf zAbfjnLx? / o;sf] wf/0ff k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 / clxn] cfP/ cGt/ ;DalGwt

ljifoj:t'sf] ?kdf ;fdflhs lj1fgsf] ;Gbe{ klg o;df ;dfj]z ePsf] 5 . ljleGg

;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] a9\bf] ;+nUgtfaf6 o; ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffx? l56f] l56f] ljsl;t x'Fb}

uPsf] kfOG5 . xfdLn] k|of]u ug]{ w]/} h;f] kl/efiffx? hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt/

;/sf/L ;d"x (Inter-governamental Panel on Climate Change-IPCC) af6

lnOPsf x'g\ -cg';"rL ! x]g'{xf];\_ tfklg o; ;DaGwdf ljleGg n]vdf km/s–km/s ljrf/

x?÷JofVofx? JoQm ePsf kfOG5g\ h;n] ubf{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ax;sf]

ljifoj:t'nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd cNdnfO{ lbPsf] 5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f tyf c;/;Fu ;fdgf ug]{ pkfox? (Responses) nfO{ d'Vo

?kdf b'O{ efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 M

Go'gLs/0f -sf/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/_ / cg's"ng -c;/nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/_ . clxn] ;Dd

Go"gLs/0fsf] kf6f]df ;a}sf] Wofg a9L s]Gb|Lt ePsf] kfOG5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]

kl/0ffd:j?k x'g;Sg] ;Defljt vt/f / o;f] x'g'df dfgjLo sf/0fx? ufFl;Psf 5g\

eGg]df s"g} b'O{dt 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf a9L hf]lvddf k/]sf] ju{÷;d"x (Most

vulnerable or least resilient) nfO{ kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df cg's"lnt x'g cfjZos

;xof]usf] nflu cfjfhx? klg pl7/x]sf 5g\ -g]N;g P6= cn= @))&_ . jf:tjdf

Go"gLs/0f / cg's"ng Ps cfk;df cGt/;DalGwt ljifox? eP/ klg cl3Nnf lbgx?df

oL s"/fx?df vf;} Wofg k'Ug ;s]g tfklg clxn] cfP/ gLltut lg0f{osf nflu x'g;Sg]

3


;Defljt tfnd]n -synergies) / ;xdlt (trade-offs) sf] sf/0f Go"gLs/0f /cg's"ngsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;fy;fy} cufl8 a9fpgdf ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGb|t ePsf] kfOG5-cfO{=lk=l;=l; @))&_ .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngsf of]hgf tyf lqmofsnfkx? :j:km"t{ jf of]hgfj4x'g;S5 . cg's"ng ;DaGwL kl5Nnf] cjwf/0ff -of]hgfj¢_ cGt{/fli6«o ljsf;sf]Ph]08fdf k|fyldstfsf ;fy cufl8 cfO/x]sf] 5 . z'?sf lbgx?df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]k|efj ljZn]if0fdf top-down k4ltdf dfq hf]8 lbO{ hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLntfsf]ljZn]if0fdf Wofg s]lGb|t ul/of] t/ xfn cfP/ of]hgf k|lqmofsf b'a} k4ltx? (top-

down / bottom-up) df cfwfl/t cg's"ng of]hgf lgdf{0fdf ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGb|tePsf] 5 h:t}M /fli6«o cg's"ng of]hgf (NAPAs) .

cg's"ng s] xf] < (What is Adaptation ?)

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;Gbe{df cg's"ng Pp6f To:tf] s'g} sfo{ xf], h;n] hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ sd ug{ /÷jf hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf sf/0f >[lht goFfcj;/x?af6 nfe lng d4t ub{5 . cg's"ng cGtu{t b'O{ k|sf/sf lqmofsnfkx?kb{5g\M k|efj b]lvg' eGbf cufl8 g} ul/g] cg's"ngsf lqmofsnfkx? (Anticipatory

adaptation) / k|efj b]lv;s]kl5 To;af6 aRg ul/g] cg's"ngsf lqmofsnfkx?-Reactive adaptation_ . oL b'a}vfnsf cg's"ng sfo{x? -both anticipatory and

reactive_of]hgfj4 -Planned_ x'g ;S5g\ -pbfx/0fsf] nflu o;nfO{ gLltut lg0f{osf]kl/0ffdsf] ?kdf klg lng ;lsG5_ tfklg k|ltsf/fTds cg's"ng -Reactive adaptation_eg] lagf of]hgf :j:km"t{ ?kdf cEof;df cfPsf] x'g klg ;Sb5 . w]/}h;f] cj:yfx?dfof]hgfj4 ?kdf ul/g] Anticipatory adaptation lqmofsnfkx?sf] nfut bL3{sfnLglx;fadf Go"g kg{ hfG5 / of] Reactive adaptation eGbf a9L k|efjsf/L klgx'G5 .

cg's"ng ;+w}e/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|To'Q/ -Response_ sf] ?kdf dfq cEof;dfcfp+b}g, a? o;n] 4Gb / tfnd]n (Synergy) b'a}sf] nflu ;Defljt ljljw kIfx?nfO{;d]t ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . . ;kmn cg's"ngsf] dtna of] xf]Og ls gsf/fTds k|efjx? kb}{kb}{g eGg], dfq o;n] k|efjx?nfO{ cg's"ngsf k|of;x? gx'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf eGbf s]xLdTy/ agfpg d2t ub{5 .

4


cg's"ng cg's"ng cg's"ng cg's"ng cg's"ng (Adaptation) : hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f x'g]jf:tljs jf ;Defljt k|efjsf] ;fdfgfy{ k|fs[lts Pj+ dfgjLok|0ffnL;Fu ;dfof]hg x'g] k|lqmof cg's"ng xf] h; cGtu{t ;DefJoxfgLnfO{ dTy/ kfg]{ jf kmfObfhgs cj;/x?sf] ;b'kof]u ug]{k|of;x? kb{5g\ . cg's"ngsf ljleGg k|sf/x? x'g ;Sb5g\, h:t}Mk"jf{g'dflgt cg's"ng (Anticipatory adaptation), :jlR5s cg's"ng(Autonomus adaptation) tyf of]hgfj4 cg's"ng -Planned

adaptation_ (IPCC AR-4 Glossary 2007)

cg's""ngsf k|sf/x? (Types of Adaptation)

cfO{=lk=l;=l;=-IPCC_ sf cg';f/ cg's"ngsf k|sf/x? lgDgfg';f/ x'g ;Sb5g\ (IPCC

TAR, 2001):

k"jf]{g'dflgt cg's"ng -k"jf]{g'dflgt cg's"ng -k"jf]{g'dflgt cg's"ng -k"jf]{g'dflgt cg's"ng -k"jf]{g'dflgt cg's"ng -Anticipatory Adaptation_— hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjb]lvg' jf dxz'; ug'{ k"j{ x'g] cg's"ng sfo{, h;nfO{ :j–cEof;d'vL cg's"ng(Proactive adaptation) klg elgG5 .

:j:km"t{ ?kdf ul/g] cg's"ng -:j:km"t{ ?kdf ul/g] cg's"ng -:j:km"t{ ?kdf ul/g] cg's"ng -:j:km"t{ ?kdf ul/g] cg's"ng -:j:km"t{ ?kdf ul/g] cg's"ng -Autonomous Adaptation_____— hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] k|efj k|lt ;r]t geO{ ul/g] cg's"ng sfo{, h;nfO{ k|fs[lts k|0fflndf x'g]kfl/l:yltsLo -Ecological_ kl/jt{g Pj+ dfgjLo k|0ffnL cGtu{t ahf/Ls/0f jf;DkGgtfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f :j–:km"t{?kdf cEof;df NofOPsf] x'G5 . o;nfO{lagf of]hgf cEof;df NofOg] cg's"ng -Spontaneous adaptation_ klg elgG5 .

of]hgfj4 cg's"ng -of]hgfj4 cg's"ng -of]hgfj4 cg's"ng -of]hgfj4 cg's"ng -of]hgfj4 cg's"ng -Planned Adaptation_____— ;f]r larf/k"j{s lnOPsf] gLltutlg0f{osf] kl/0ffdsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnOG5, hf] ljBdfg cj:yfdf cfPsf] jf cfpg ;Sg]kl/jt{gnfO{ rfx]sf] cj:yfdf kmsf{pg jf sfod /fVg cfjZos kg]{ lqmofsnfkx?k|lt ;r]t eO of]hgfa4 9+un] cEof;df cfpFb5 .

5


lghL cg's"ng -lghL cg's"ng -lghL cg's"ng -lghL cg's"ng -lghL cg's"ng -Private Adaptation_____— JolQm, 3/w'/L jf lghL sDkgLx?åf/fcfkm\gf] lxt Pj+ O{R5f adf]lhd cEof;df NofOg] cg's"ng sfo{ .

;fj{hlgs cg's"ng -;fj{hlgs cg's"ng -;fj{hlgs cg's"ng -;fj{hlgs cg's"ng -;fj{hlgs cg's"ng -Public Adaptation_____— ljleGg txsf ;/sf/ jf /fHon];fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu cu|;/tf lnO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] cg's"ng sfo{ .

k|ltsf/fTds cg's"ng -k|ltsf/fTds cg's"ng -k|ltsf/fTds cg's"ng -k|ltsf/fTds cg's"ng -k|ltsf/fTds cg's"ng -Reactive Adaptation_____— hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjb]lvP kZrft cEof;df NofOg] cg's"ng sfo{ .

cg's"ng of]hgfsf k|sf/x? (Types of Adaptation Plans)

/fli6«o cg's"ng sfo{ of]hgf(National Adaptation Programme of Actions- NAPAs)

ljZjJofkL ?kdf b]vfk/]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] gsf/fTds c;/x?;Fu ;fdgf ug]{;Gbe{df xfn g]kfn h:tf clt sd ljsl;t /fi6«x?n] :yfg / kl/j]z cg';f/ tTsfnug'{ kg]{ ckl/xfo{ cfjZostfx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ p4]Zon] cfkm\gf k|fyldstfsflqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L tof/ ul/Psf] b:tfj]h g} /fli6«o cg's"ng of]hgf xf] .of] agfpg'sf] d'Vo cf;o g]kfn h:tf Go"g cg's"ng Ifdtf ePsf /fi6«x?nfO{ hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] ljBdfg Pj+ ;Defljt k|lts"n c;/x?;Fu h'em\g tyf cg's"ngsf cEof;x?z'? ug{ tTsfn cfjZos kg]{ ;xof]u pknAw x'g] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . NAPA

df k|:tfj ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog l9nf] x'g uPdf To;n] emg} hf]lvdtfnfO{a9fpg] / kl5 uP/ cg's"ngsf k|of;x? al9 vlr{nf] x'g]] ;Defjgf ePsf]n] pQmk|:tfljt sfo{qmdx? ;dodf g} sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ cfjZos 5 .

:yfgLo cg's"ng sfo{ of]hgf(Local Adaptation Plan of Actions- LAPA)

o;n] :yfgLo:t/df ;d'bfonfO{ eljiodf x'g ;Sg] hnjfo'sf] clglZrtfnfO{ a'em\gtyf cg's"ngsf] sfo{qmdx?sf] lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ;lqmo ?kdf ;l/s x'g d2t ub{5 .o; cGtu{t ;d'bfox?n] cfkm} ;xefuL e} agfPsf hnjfo' d}qL of]hgfx? sfof{Gjog

6


u/L kl/jlt{t hnjfo' tyf hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLn cj:yfx?;Fu cg's"n x'g] k|oTgub{5g\ . o;n] :yfgLo:t/df ljleGg If]qut sfo{qmdx? aLr ;dGjo u/L hnjfo'kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cg's"ngsf PsLs[t sfo{qmdx? th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug{df hf]8lbG5 . :yfgLo:t/sf] cg's"ng of]hgf th'{df ;d'bfo:t/af6 z'? eO{ ufpF ljsf;;ldlt :t/sf of]hgfx?df of]ubfg k'–ofpF5 / cGtTjuTjf o;n] lhNnf tyf /fli6«o:t/df;d]t cfjZos ;"rgf k|jfx u/L k|efj kfb{5 .

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng sfo{ of]hgf(Community Based Adaptation Plan- CBAP)

hnjfo' kl/jt{g c'g's"ngsf ljleGg k4ltx? dWo] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng of]hgfth'{df Pp6f o:tf] k4lt xf], h;n] ;d'bfonfO{ hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf ;jfn tyf k|efjx?;Fu:yfgLo :t/df g} h'em\g d2Q ub{5 . o;nfO{ ;fwf/0ftof ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljsf;sflqmofsnfk, cEof;, cg';Gwfg tyf gLltx?sf] Pp6f cltl/Qm txsf] ?kdf x]l/g]ul/G5 . o; lsl;dsf] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng of]hgf k|lqmofn] ;a} If]qaf6;xof]u kfpg] kof{Kt ;+efjgf af]s]sf] 5 . cNk ljsl;t /fi6«x?df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]sf/0f al9 hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d'bfox?sf] klxrfg;Fu} ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ngof]hgfsf] z'?jft x'G5 . o:tf ;d'bfox? k|foM h;f] clt g} ul/a, lk5l8Psf, k|fs[lts;|f]tdf cfl>t x'G5g\ / pgLx? j;f]jf; u/]sf tyf pgLx?n] k|of]u u/]sf If]q÷hdLgklxn] g} af9L jf v8]/Lsf] k|sf]ksf] rk]6f÷df/df k/]sf x'G5g\ . ljBdfg hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] k|efjx?sf] lj1fg k|of]u ul/ Psk6s ;d'bfosf] hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLntfsf]cj:yf yfxf eO;s]kl5 ;d'bfo:t/df cg's"ngsf sfo{ ug]{ k|lqmofsf] z'?cft x'G5 .

7


CBAP kl/of]hgf agfp+bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s]xL kIfx?kl/of]hgf agfp+bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s]xL kIfx?kl/of]hgf agfp+bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s]xL kIfx?kl/of]hgf agfp+bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s]xL kIfx?kl/of]hgf agfp+bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s]xL kIfx?– o; k|lqmof :yfgLo:t/df ;d'bfon] g} ckgTj lnO{ g]t[Tj ug]{, tyf

;d'bfon] g} xfFSg] vfnsf] x'g' kb{5 -ul/a, hf]lvd, l;dfGts[t, dlxnf,cflbjfzL hghflt ;d"xx?nfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] vfnsf] x'g' kb{5_

– k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f÷d"NofÍg, cg's"ng cfjZostfsf] klxrfg Pj+ sfof{Gjogug{nfO{ ckgfO{g] tf}/tl/sf cflbdf ;fd'bfosf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ /lg0f{fos x'G5 .

– ;d'bfo cg's"ng of]hgf tyf cfof]hgfx? ljBdfg :yfgLo ;|f]tx?, 1fgtyf Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t x'G5g\ / :yfgLo k|of;x?nfO{ dxTj lbO{ cufl8a9\g' kb{5 .

– o;n] ljBdfg ;+:yfut ;+/rgf, /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo:t/df lqmoflzn ;3+;+:yfx?sf] t'ngfTds nfe tyf :yfgLo ;Gbe{ -lhNnf Pj+ /fli6«o gLlttyf sfo{qmdx? ;d]t_ nfO{ a9L dxTj lbG5 .

– cg's"ng of]hgf tyf kl/of]hgfx?n] clt hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox?sf];xof]udf Wofg s]lGb|t u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj;Fu cg's"ng x'gd2t ug]{ nlrnf] tyf Jojxfl/s /0fgLltsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbG5g\ .

– Go"g nfut Pj+ Jojxfl/s tyf :yfgLo k/Dk/fut lqmofsnfk, k|ljlw,k|lqmof / cEof;x?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{' kb{5 .

– ;d'bfosf] ck]Iff a9\g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ Vofn u/L s'g} cfly{s ;xof]usf]k|ltj4tf lbg' eGbf klg pgLx?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;/;Nnfx / k|fljlws;xof]u pknAw u/fpgdf hf]8 lbg' kb{5 .

8


k|efjsf/L cg's"ngsf] dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?(Guiding Principles of Good Adaptation)

lbuf]kglbuf]kglbuf]kglbuf]kglbuf]kg (Sustainable) – cg's"ngsf] sfo{n] lbuf] ljsf;sf] l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft\ug'{ kb{5 tfls o;n] Psflt/ hnjfo' kl/jt{sf] c;/ Pj+ k|efjsf sf/0f ylkg]

r'gf}tLx?nfO{ sd ug{ d4t ub{5 eg] csf{lt/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f ;[lht

cj;/x?af6 nfe lng k|f]T;flxt ub{5 .

;dfg'kflts / PsLs[t;dfg'kflts / PsLs[t;dfg'kflts / PsLs[t;dfg'kflts / PsLs[t;dfg'kflts / PsLs[t -Proportionate and Integrated_ – hnjfo' hf]lvdsf]

ljZn]if0f klg lgoldt ?kdf ul/g] cEof;÷k|of; -Business as usual_ / ;fdfGo

hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] Pp6f cËsf] ?kdf x'g' kb{5 . o:tf sfo{ hf]lvd ÷vt/fsf] :t/tyf ck]lIft kl/0ffd;Fu ;DalGwt x'g' kb{5 / cjnDjg ul/g] sfo{x? pko'Qm :t/÷tx

/ ;dofg's"n x'g cfjZos 5 .

;fem]bf/L tyf kf/bzL{ -;fem]bf/L tyf kf/bzL{ -;fem]bf/L tyf kf/bzL{ -;fem]bf/L tyf kf/bzL{ -;fem]bf/L tyf kf/bzL{ -Collaborative and Open_ – hnjfo' kl/jt{g;+ucg's"ng x'g] sfo{ xfd|f] ;du| cy{tGq tyf ;dfhsf] nflu r'gf}tL xf] . t;y{ o:tf]

r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{sf] nflu ljleÌ tx / tKsfdf sfo{/t JolQm Pj+ ;+3 ;+:yfx?aLrsf] cfk;L ;dGjodf tyf ;+o'Qm kxn x'g cTofjZos 5 .

nlrnf] tyf k|efjsf/Lnlrnf] tyf k|efjsf/Lnlrnf] tyf k|efjsf/Lnlrnf] tyf k|efjsf/Lnlrnf] tyf k|efjsf/L -Flexible & Effective_ – cg's"ng sfo{x? ;Gbe{ ;fk]If,

sfof{Gjog of]Uo / kl/0ffdd'vLx'g' kb{5 . cg's"ngsf lqmofsnfkx?df eljiodf x'g;Sg] hnjfo'sf] cj:yfx? (Future climate scenarios_ sf] ;fy]} ;fdflhs–cfly{s,

k|fljlws tyf cGo kl/jt{gx?nfO{ ;d]t Vofn u/L ;dfof]hg u/]/ n}hfg ;Sg]

cfjZos nrstf ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kb{5 .

s'zn -s'zn -s'zn -s'zn -s'zn -Efficient_ – cg's"ngsf lqmofsnfkx? to ubf{ To;df nfUg] nfut / x'g]

kmfObf tyf hf]lvdsf] :t/nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . tyf k|:tfljt pkfox? >[hgfTds,

;do ;fk]If, ;fGble{s / pko'Qm x'g' kb{5 .

Gofof]lrt Gofof]lrt Gofof]lrt Gofof]lrt Gofof]lrt (Equitable_ – k|fs[lts jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs ;d"xx?, ljz]if u/L

hf]lvdo'Qm ;d"xdf, lqmofsnfkx?sf] c;/ ;DaGwdf gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L

lbg ljleGg ljsNkx?sf] ljt/0fLo kl/0ffd af/] ;f]r larf/ ug'{ kb{5 tfls JolQmut

9


tyf ;fd"lxs ?kdf To:tf nfut tyf hf]lvdsf] c;dfg'kflts c+z a]xf]g{ gkg]{ s'/fsf];'lglZrt ug{ ;lsof];\ . t;y{ Gofof]lrttfnfO{ klg Pp6f c;n cg's"ng cEof;sf]dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGt dflgG5 .

cg's"ng gLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f(Developing Adaptation Policies and Plan)

cg's"ng k|of;÷k|lqmof cGtu{t kfFr j6f d'Vo tTjx? kb{5g\ -of]hgfsf r/0fx?lj:t[t ?kdf tnsf] lrqdf b]vfO{Psf] 5_M

s_ jt{dfg cj:yfdf ljBdfg hf]lvdsf] ;Dj]bgzLntfsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ -h:t}M hnjfo'sf]hf]lvdkg, hf]lvdsf] ;Dj]bgzLntfsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ tTjx?, jt{dfg cg's"ng k|of;x?sf]k|efjsf/Ltf cflb _

v_ eljiodf hnjfo'sf] sf/0f x'g ;Sg] hf]lvdsf] d"NofÍg – eljiodf x'g ;Sg]hnjfo'sf] ljleGg cj:yfx? -Future climate scenarios_ sf] k|If]k0f hf]lvdsf];+j]bgzLntf / ;fdflhs–cfly{s Pj+ jftfj/0fLo ljsf;sf] qmd ljZn]if0f, cflb_

u_ ljBdfg ;fdYo{tf / cg's"ng cEof;sf] d"NofÍg – ;d'bfo:t/df :yfgLo 1fg,cEof;, ;+:yf / cGo ;|f]tx?sf] cfwf/df ul/Psf cg's"ng k|of;x?sf] d"NofÍg ug]{_

3_ cg's"ng /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ – ljBdfg hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLntf / eljiodf x'g;Sg] hnjfo'sf] hf]lvd÷vt/fnfO{ larf/ u/]/ cg's"ngsf gLltut ljsNkx?÷pkfox?sf] klxrfg tyf 5gf}6 u/L PsLs[t /0fgLltsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .

ª_ cg's"ng k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] – cg's"ng cfof]hgfåf/f z'?jft ul/Psfsfo{x?÷cEof;x?sf] sfo{fGjog, cg'udg, d"NofÍg, ;'wf/ Pj+ lg/Gt/tf . hnjfo'kl/jt{g cg's"ng /0fgLltnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg efjL of]hgf, lhDd]jf/ JolQm tyf;+:yf, ;do/]vf, / rflxg] ;|f]tx?sf] klxrfg u/L sfof{Gjog of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 .o;sf ;fy} sfd ug]{ cg's"n jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f, ;+:yfut gofFkg / pknAw cfly{s;|f]tx?nfO{ klg Vofn ug'{ kb{5 .

10


11


cg's"ng of]hgf k|lqmof (Adaptation Planning Process)

xfdLn] lhNnf, uf=lj=;= jf ;d'bfo :t/ dWo] hxfF sfd u/] klg To;sf] nflu cfjZos

kg]{ cg's"ng of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;du| cg's"ng k|lqmofsf] Pp6f clt dxTjk"0f{

r/0f xf] . tn ;'emfj ul/P cg'?k ;du| of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ a9L ;xeflutfd"ns

Pj+ k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos 5 .

!= k|sf]k (Hazard) sf] klxrfg ug]{ / To;af6 k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvdsf] d"NofÍg

ug]{ -o;sf] nflu k|sf]k :t/Ls/0f, qmdsf] ljZn]if0f, k|sf]k gSzfËg h:tf pkof]uL

ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .

– s'g} lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qdf ljBdfg hf]lvd tyf k|sf]kx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{

– pQm If]qdf hnjfo';Fu ;DalGwt k|sf]k tyf hf]lvdx? klxrfg ug]{

@= hnjfo'F+u ;DalGwt k|sf]kx?sf] k|efj d"NofÍg ug]{ -o;sf nflu k|sf]ksf] k|efj

ljZn]if0f, hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;|f]t ljZn]if0f tyf hLljsf]kfh{gdf hf]lvdkgfsf] ljZn]if0f,

hLljsf]kfh{gdf k|sf]ksf] k|efj h:tf pkof]uL ljlwx? k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .

– hLljsf]kfh{g ;|f]tdf hnjfo' k|sf]ksf] k|efj klxrfg ug]{

– k|efjsf] :t/ (Degree of impact) / o;sf] c;/÷kl/0ffdsf] d"NofÍg ug]{

#= k|efjsf] ;+j]bgzLntf / ;|f]t Pj+ hgdfg;df /x]sf] hf]lvdkgfsf cfwf/df k|sf]kx?sf]

k|fyldlss/0f ug]{ -o;sf] nflu k|sf]k :t/Ls/0f -Hazard ranking_, hf]lvdkgfsf]

ljZn]if0f -Vulnerability assessment_, hf]lvdkgf dfkg tflnsf -Vulnerability

matrix_ h:tf ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .

– hnjfo' k|sf]kx? dWo] s'g rflxF k|sf]k a9L xfgLsf/s xf] ;f] s'/f k|sf]k

k|fyldsLs/0fsf] a]nf 5nkmndf Nofpg] .

– s'g rflxF ;d"xx? k|sf]ksf] k|efjaf6 a9L hf]lvddf 5g\ < dlxnf, jfnaRrf,

a"9fkfsf, hghflt, lk5l8Psf] ju{_ / o;sf cltl/Qm s'g If]q÷ufpF jf s'g

ju{sf pkef]Qmfx? a9L df/df kb{5g\ ;f]]sf] klg ljZn]if0f ug]{ .

$= ljBdfg / eljiodf x'g ;Sg] k|sf]kx?;Fu ;fdgf ug{ -Cope with_ tyf cg's"lnt

x'gsf nflu ;d'bfo:t/df /x]sf] Ifdtf jf >f]tsf] klxrfg Pj+ ljZn]if0f ug]{

-o;sf nflu hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;|f]t ljZn]if0f, ;fdYo{tf -Coping_ / cg's"ng

12


-Adaptation_ /0fgLltsf] ljZn]if0f, Coping / cg's"ng (Adaptation_ sf]/0fgLltsf] k|efjsfl/tf ljZn]if0f ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .– o;sf nflu hnjfo'sf] hf]lvd tyf k|sf]k;Fu h'em\g Pj+ ltgsf] ;fdgf ug{

:yfgLo :t/df /x]sf] ljBdfg 1fg, ;Lk, cEof; tyf ;+oGqx? s] s:tf 5g\egL kQf nufpg] /

– ul/Psf cg's"ng k|of;x? sltsf] k|efjsf/L 5g\ ;f] sf] klg ljZn]if0f ug]{

%= hnjfo' k|sf]ksf] dfqf -Degree of climatic hazard_ / ul/Psf cg's"ngcEof;sf] k|efjsfl/tf -Effectiveness of responses_ sf] ljZn]if0f u/L d'VosdL sdhf]/Lx?sf] (Critical gap) sf] klxrfg ug]{ .– k|efjsf] dfqf÷:t/ / ul/Psf cg's"ng k|of;x?sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] ljZn]if0f

ug]{– s] ul/Psf cg's"ng k|of;x? hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjsf] ;fdgf ug{ kof{Kt

5g\ t <– olb kof{Kt 5}gg\ eg] d'Vo sdL sdhf]/Lx? (Critical gap) x? s] s] x'g\ t <

^= dfly cg';f/ b]lvPsf] sdL sdhf]/L (Gap) nfO{ 36fpg jf x6fpg s;/L ljBdfg;|f]tx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 egL ljZn]if0f ug]{ / sfo{x?sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg]{ . -o;sf]nflu hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;|f]tx?sf] ljZn]if0f ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .– b]lvPsf] sdL sdhf]/L (Gap) nfO{ sd ug]{ cj;/x? s] s] 5g\ t < -;+:yfut

gofFkg÷z'?jft, hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;|f]tx?÷;DklQx? , ljBdfg sf]if, ;+oGq,k|ljlw, :yfgLo cEof;x?, gljg sfo{ cflb_ .

&= afFsL /x]sf] sdL sdhf]/L -Gap) nfO{ s;/L afx\o lgsfo Pj+ ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fusf];dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ -External partnership_ df 36fpg jf ;Daf]wg ug{;lsG5 egL ljZn]if0f ug]{ -o;sf] nflu ;xsfo{ gS;fÍg ljlw– Partnershipmapping tool sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 _ .– ljBdfg ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg]{ / ltgsf] d'Vo ;an / sdhf]/

kIfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ .– hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj;Fu sfo{ (deal) ug{sf] nflu ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf]

n]vfhf]vf ug]{ -s'g ;+:yfn] s:tf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 .

*= k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/df sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ h;df ;d'bfo,uf=lj=; jf lhNnf:t/df ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] lqmofsnfkx?sf ;fy} pknAw afx\o

13


;xof]u ;d]t :ki6 v'nfpg' kb{5 . o:tf] of]hgfdf s] ug]{, sxfF ug]{, slxn] ug]{,s;n] ug]{ eGg] h:tf s'/fx? lglb{i6 ?kdf v'n]sf] x'g' kb{5 . -o; ;DaGwL lj:t[tljj/0f kl5Nnf v08x?df lbOPsf] 5 _– hnjfo'sf] k|sf]k Pj+ k|efjsf] ;fdgf ug{ tTsfnLg -tTsfn gu/L gx'g]_,

cNksfnLg / bL3{sfnLg sfo{x? s] s] x'g\ ;f] 5'6\ofpg] -o; k|lqmofdftTsfnLg÷ckl/xfo{ cfjZostfsf] JofVof Pj+ klxrfg :yfgLo pkef]Qmf jf;d'bfoåf/f g} agfOPsf lglZrt ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df x'g' kb{5 _

– klxrfg ePsf sfo{x?nfO{ s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ -rflxg] cfjZos ;|f]tx?,;do l;df, o; sfo{df sf] ;+nUg x'g], s:tf] lsl;dsf] ;+:yfut ;xsfo{ x'g],s;n] sfof{Gjog ug]{, / o;sf] cg'udg s;n] s;/L ug]{ eGg] h:tf s'/fx?dfWofg lbg' kb{5_ .

;d'bfo cg's"ng of]hgfsf nfuL ;'emfj ul/Psf s]xLljlwx? -pbfx/0fsf nfuL_ Suggested Tools for

Community Based Apaptation Planning (Example)

Local Options for Communities to Adapt and Technologies to Enhance

Capacity (LOCATE) ljlwdf cfwfl/t cg's"ng of]hgf k|lqmofnfO{ klg ljsNksf]?kdf k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsG5 . o;n] SSNAPP -South South North Adaptation

Projects Protocol) df cfwfl/t ;d'bfo cg's"ng of]hgfsf] vfsf tof/ ug]{Jojl:yt k4lt k|of]udf Nofpg clek|]l/t ub{5 . ;Defljt ;/f]sf/jfnfx? tyf cg's"ngcfjZostf Pj+ lqmofsnfkx?sf] klxrfg tyf k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ of] ljlwsf] k|of]uul/G5 . LOCATE sf] d'Vo dd{ eg]sf] ljz]iftM hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Pj+ k|efj;Fuh'em\g ;d'bfonfO{ ;Ifd jgfpg ;d'bfodf g} cfwfl/t cg's"ng xf] g ls eO/x]sfkl/of]hgfx?nfO{ kl/jlt{t hnjfo' cg'?k 9fNg ltgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ jf hnjfo'[kl/jt{g cg's"ngsf nflu To;af6 kmfObf lng] . o; ljlwn] lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf9fFrfsf] k|d'v cjwf/0ff / ;f/tTjx?nfO{ u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . oBlk o;n] hf]lvdkgf tyfcg's"ng cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ljleÌ ;d'bfox?sf] cfodf x'g] km/skgf tyfltgdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kfg]{ k|efj aLrsf] ;DjGwnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] x'G5 . LOCATE

14


! Vulnerability hotspots eGgfn] /fli6«o :t/df ljleGg ;"rs h:t} dfgj ljsf; ;"rL,hnjfo"n] pTklt u/fPsf ljgfzsf] /fli6«otYofÍ, If]qut ljifo -ef]sd/L,jg ljgfz_,/ c? GIS af6 cfPsf tYofÍn] klxrfg u/]sf If]qx?nfO{ hgfpF5 .

n] ;'emfj u/]sf $ j6f r/0f÷v'8\lsnfx? IPCC sf] t]>f] ljZn]if0f l/kf]6{n] cf+}+NofPsf];fdfGo r/0fx?;Fu klg d]n vfG5 .

kkkkklxnf] r/0f M lxnf] r/0f M lxnf] r/0f M lxnf] r/0f M lxnf] r/0f M pRr hf]lvd If]qx?sf] klxrfgpRr hf]lvd If]qx?sf] klxrfgpRr hf]lvd If]qx?sf] klxrfgpRr hf]lvd If]qx?sf] klxrfgpRr hf]lvd If]qx?sf] klxrfg(Finding vulneability Hot-spots_____

;d'bfox? tyf :yfgLo cEof;stf{ Pj+ ;xhstf{x?n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsfsf/0f b}lgs hLjgofkgdf x'g] hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} s'g rfxL+If]q a9L hf]lvdo'Qm b]lvG5 / o;af6 ;a}eGbf a9L k|efljt sf] jf s'g ju{ x'G5g\ eGg]klg klxrfg ul/G5 .!

;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?• hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bglzntfsf] k[i7e"ld s] xf] <• ;+j]bglzn If]qx? s'g s'g x'g\ <• clt ul/a tyf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfox? sxfF a;f]af; u5{g\ <• ;a} eGbf a9L hf]lvddf sf] kb{5g\ / lsg < < < < <

bf]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgf lgdf{0f -bf]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgf lgdf{0f -bf]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgf lgdf{0f -bf]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgf lgdf{0f -bf]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgf lgdf{0f -Development of Adaptation Plans_____

:yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf cEof;stf{÷;xhstf{x?n] b]lvPsf] r"gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{:yfgLo:t/df ;dfwfgsf pkfox? lgsfNb5g\ . eljiodf hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ klgof]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0fdf Nofpg] ;Defjgfx?sf] vf]hL ug{df klgo:tf of]hgfx?n] cj;/ k|bfg ub{5g\ .

;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?

• hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLntfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 s'g rfxL+ ef}lts ;Gbe{÷k[i7e"ldnfO{;Djf]wg ub{5 < -h:t}M af9L, cfFwL a]x]/L, 5fl/okg, / ;'Vvfv8]/L_

• s'g rfxL+ ;+j]bgzLn If]qx? (Sectors) sf] ;Djf]wg x'g]5 -h:t}M s[lif, hn,jg, dT:okfng, phf{_ <

• ;d:ofdf /x]sf÷k/]sf If]q tyf ;d'bfox?sf] hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{s;/L sd ug]{ <

15


• ;d'bfosf] cg's"ng Ifdtfdf s;/L ;'wf/÷clej[l4 ug]{ <

• ljBdfg kl/l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;du|df s] s:tf /0fgLltx? x'g ;S5g\ <

t]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0ft]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0ft]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0ft]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0ft]>f] r/0f M cg's"ng of]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0f-----Prioritization of Adaptation Plans)2

;d'bfo tyf :yfgLo ;xhstf{x?n] nfut–nfe ljZn]if0f -Cost-Benefit Analysis_tyf ax'–;"rs ljZn]if0f -Multi-Criteria Analysis_ h:tf ljlwsf] ;xfotfn] cg's"ngof]hgfx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ax'–;"rs ljZn]if0fdf ;d'bfon] lgwf{/0fu/]sf ljljw ;"rsx? kb{5g\ -h:tM} ;DefJotf, vr{ k|efjsfl/tf, k|efj, ;do,cflb_ . -k|fyldsLs/0fsf s]xL pbfx/0fx? cg';"rL–@ df x]g'{xf];\_ . To;kl5lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ d'Vo k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df :t/Ls/0f u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu;+emf}tf ul/G5 .

;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?

cg's"ng lqmofsnfkx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{] ;aeGbf pko'Qm pkfo s] xf] <

• s;/L ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f Pj+ :t/Ls/0f /fd|f];Fu ug{ ;lsG5 < ;fy}lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ klg s;/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf PsLs[t ug{ ;lsG5 <

• s'g rfxL+ lqmofsnfkx? cTofjZos Pj+ tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5g\ / s'grfxL+ lqmofsnfkx? bL3{sfnLg k|s[ltsf x'g\ <

rf} +yf} + r/0f M sfof{Gjog k2lt÷;+oGqsf] klxrfg ug]{rf} +yf} + r/0f M sfof{Gjog k2lt÷;+oGqsf] klxrfg ug]{rf} +yf} + r/0f M sfof{Gjog k2lt÷;+oGqsf] klxrfg ug]{rf} +yf} + r/0f M sfof{Gjog k2lt÷;+oGqsf] klxrfg ug]{rf} +yf} + r/0f M sfof{Gjog k2lt÷;+oGqsf] klxrfg ug]{-----Identifying the Implementation Mechanism_____

k|:tfljt lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjog ;+oGq÷k4lt klg ;DalGwt ;d'bfoåf/f g} lgSof}{nx'g' cTofjZos 5 h;n] ubf{ ;dodf g} To:tf lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf];'lglZrttf eO{ ;a}eGbf kLl8t ju{ jf ;d"xn] l56\6} kmfObf kfpg ;S5g\ . cg's"ngof]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xof]u ckl/xfo{x'G5 .

@ k|fydLsLs/0f ljleGg lsl;dn] ug{ ;lsG5 t/ :yfgLo ;d'bfoåf/f lgwf{l/t ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df k|fyldsLs/0f x'g' dxTjk"0fx'G5 . k|fyldsLs/0f k|lqmofdf ;d'bfosf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf clgjfo{ x'G5 .

16


;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?• cg's"ng of]hgf÷kl/of]hgfsf ;+efljt ;fem]bf/÷;/f]sf/jfnfx? sf] sf] x'g

;S5g\ < s;n] s] ul//x]sf] 5 / s;nfO{ s] yfxf 5 <• :yfgLo txdf s;n] s:tf vfnsf ljsf;, hLljsf]kfh{g tyf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg

;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx? sfof{Gjog ub}{ cfO{/x]sf 5g\ <• s] :yfgLo ;d'bfox? hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug{ OR5's

5g\ <• nlIft ju{, ;d'bfo tyf ;xof]uL lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf / st{Jox? s] s] x'g\ <• ;+:yfut Ifdtf s;/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 <• cfly{s ;|f]tx? s] s] x'g\ / 5g\ < ;d'bfo:t/ af6} s] ug{ ;lsPnf / s:tf] yk

jfXo ;xof]usf] cfjZostf 5 <• s:tf] vfnsf] cg'udg k4lt÷;+oGq cfjZos k5{ <• l;sfO{ tyf /fd|f cEof;x?nfO{ s;/L ;+:yfut tyf lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsG5 <

17


3 Adapted from www.iied.org

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ngsf d'Vo l;sfO{(Key Learning on Community Based Adaptation)3

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng ljsf;sf] qmddf w]/} gof+ ljifoa:t' eP tfklg ljZjsf]

ljleGg :yfgx?df xfn;Dd cEof; ul/Psf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ngsf ;Lldt

k|of;÷ultljlwx?af6 s]xL k|f/lDes l;sfO{x? klg ePsf 5g\ . tL l;sfO{x? lgDgfg';f//x]sf 5g\M

!= = = = = s'g} klg /fd|f] / k|efjsf/L sfd ug{sf nflu afXo JolQm÷;xhstf{x?n]

cfkm"n] ;xof]u ug{ rfx]sf] ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; -Trust_ lhTg' kb{5 . ;fdfGotofo;sf] nflu nfdf] ;do;Dd ;DalGwt ;d'bfo;Fu g} 3'nldn x'g cfjZos

kb{5 . t/ olb ;d'bfosf] dg lht]sf :yfgLo dWo:ystf{x? -pbfx/0fsf nflu

u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?, ;d"xx? jf ;/sf/Llgsfox?_, pknAw ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d'bfodfhfg' eGbf cufl8 To:tf

;xhstf{÷dWo:tstf{x?;Fu ;+jfb ug{' pQd x'G5 .

@= cem} klg hnjfo' kl/jt{g s]xL ;Lldt JolQmx?n] dfq a'em]sf] ljifoj:t' ePsf]/ w]/}h;f]sf nflu o; ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff cem} k|ofTt 5}g jf låljwfo'Qm 5 .

To;y{ o; ljifodf ;femf a'emfO Nofpgsf] nflu ;d'bfon] a'‰g] :yfgLo efiff

/ zAbx?sf] k|of]u u/L ;+jfb Pj+ ;+rf/ ug'{ cTofjZos x'G5 . o;sf] cy{hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DjlGw j}1flgs n]vsf] x'–ax' :yfgLo efiffdf cg'jfb ug]{

dfq geO{ cy{ v'Ng]ul/ :yfgLo ;d'bfon] a'‰g ;Sg] ;+rf/sf] k/Dk/fut

dfWodx? -h:t}M gf6s, uLt, ehg cflb_ sf] k|of]u jf >Job[Zo -Video_ h:tf;+rf/sf cfw'lgs dfWodx?sf] klg k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 .

#= ha :yfgLo dWo:ystf{ tyf ;d''bfosf] k"0f{ ;xof]usf] ;'lglZrtf x'G5, ta

s:tf vfnsf cg's"ngsf lqmofsnfkx? pko'Qm÷;fGble{s x'G5g\ egL klxrfgug]{ k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu ljutdf hnjfo'sf] k|sf]kx?sf]

;fdgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;d'bfo:t/df ePsf] 1fg, ;Lk, Ifdtf tyf cEof;x?

af/] k"j{ l;sfO{ x'g' cTofjZos 5 . To; kl5 dfq goFf lqmofsnfk, k|ljlwtyf cEof;x? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 .

18


$= :yfkgf eP kl5 s'g} Pp6f cg's"ng kl/of]hgf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Pj+k|efj;Fu PSn} ;fdgf ug]{ eGbf klg Pp6f :t/Lo ljsf; cfof]hgf h:t} b]lvG5-h:t}M v8]/Lsf] a]nf cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng ug]{_ . o;df ul/g] s[ofsnfkx?(Intervention) s] xf] eGg] eGbf klg ul/g] s[ofsnfkx? (Intervention) sf]nflu Inputs s] x'g] eGg] dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . t;y{ ;d'bfon] s] ul//x]sf 5g\ eGbfklg s:tf] 1fg / ;Lkdf lsg ul/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fn] dfg] /fVb5 . cg's"ngsf]kf6f]n] klxnf hnjfo' k|sf]k÷ hf]lvdaf/] ;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t÷cjut u/fp+5 /To; kZrft pko'Qm lqmofsnfk to u/L sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbG5 . o;n];d'bfonfO{ tTsfnLg cj:yfdf x'g] hnjfo'sf] clglZrttf÷ljifdtf -Climate

variability_ tyf bL3{sfnLg ?kdf x'g] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu h'em\g ;fdYo{jfg-Resilient_ agfpg d4t ub{5 . t/ Pp6f s'/fsf] rfxL+ x]Ssf /fVg' kb{5 ls;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng kl/of]hgfx? gofF / cToGt} sd ;+Vofdf ePsfn]Climate variability ;Fu h'em\g] ;fdYo{tfsf ;DaGwdf Jojxfl/s k/LIf0f eg];fob} sd xf]nfg\ .

%= xfn;Dd ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng k|of;x?af6 ul/Psf] cg'ej of] 5 lsl;sfO{ x'gsf] nflu cEof; x'g h?/L 5 . s'g} ljZjljBfno tyf tfnLduf]i7Laf6 ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ngsf] ;}4flGts 1fg xfl;n ug]{ / To;kZrft lkmN8df nfu" ug]{ eGg] s'/f ;Dej gx'Fbf lkmN8 cEof;x?af6 g} l;sfO{lng' kg]{ x'G5 . t;y{ cg's"ng cEof; Pp6f pTs[i6 gd"gf xf] h;nfO{ u/]/l;Sg] (Learning-by-doing_ lg/Gt/ k|lqmofsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 / of] Pp6fsfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg -Action research_ klg xf] .

^= ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ngsf] ;}4flGts Pj+ sfof{Gjog kIf clxn] z'?sf]cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 t/ CBA sf b'a} kf6f b|'t ultdf cl3 a9\g] b]lvG5g\ . To;y{cg'ej / l;sfO{sf] nflu ;Dej eP;Dd cg's"ngsf w]/} eGbf w]/} lqmofsnfkx?Piloting sf] ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' ckl/xfo{ 5 / o;af6 ePsf] cg'ejtyf 1fgnfO{ l;sfO{sf] ?kdf cGoq cfbfg k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . hf]lvddf/x]sf ;d'bfo, cEof;stf{, gLlt–lgdf{tf, cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf bftfx?sf aLr;dofg's"n k|efjsf/L ;~hfn lgdf0f{ -Networking_ ug]{ sfo{ r"gf}tLk"0f{5 .

19


cg';"rL–! M ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng cEof;sf s]xL pbfx/0fx?

If]qx?

hn tyf phf{hn tyf phf{hn tyf phf{hn tyf phf{hn tyf phf{

s [ l i fs [ l i fs [ l i fs [ l i fs [ l i f

jg tyf h}ljsjg tyf h}ljsjg tyf h}ljsjg tyf h}ljsjg tyf h}ljsljljwtflj ljwtflj ljwtflj ljwtflj ljwtf

hd Lghd Lghd Lghd Lghd Lg

CrossCutting

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;jfnx?

kfgLsf] d"n, kf]v/L, vf]nf÷ gbL,em/gf ;'s]/ ePsf] kfgLsf] cefj,phf{ ;+s6

hnjfo' tTjx? M aiff{sf]clglZrttf -Rainfall

variability_÷

ls/f tyf /f]usf] dxfdf/L ,pTkfbgdf x|f;, hldgsf] x}l;otdflu/fj6, afnL nufpg] tf}/tl/sfdfkl/jt{g

hnjfo' sf/s tTjx? M aiff{sf]clglZrttf / tfkqmd j[l4

jgdf x'g] cfunfuL, k|hflt ljgf;,g?rfOPsf xfgLsf/s k|hfltx?-Invasive species) km}lng'

hnjfo' sf/s tTjx?M aiff{sf]clglZrttf÷kl/jt{glzntf /tfkqmd j[l4

e"–Ifo tyf hdLgsf] x}l;otdf x|f;

hnjfo' sf/s tTjx? M aiff{df x'g]clglZrttf÷ kl/jt{glzntf

d'Vo hnjfo' k|sf]kx?;Fu ;fdgfug{

cg's"ngsf k|of;x?

kfgL hDdf ug]{ k|ljlw -jiff{t\sf] kfgLnfO{ hDdf kfg]{ /kfgLsf] d'xfgdf Joj:yfkg, u|fdL0f If]qdf kfgL ljt/0fsf]nflu gofF k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{, k|ljlwdf ;'wf/ u/L O{gf/x?sf] dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ ,_j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g lqmofsnfkx? -h:t}M ;'wfl/Psf]r'nf], jfof]UofF; cflb_

jftfj/0fsf] stress ;xg;Sg] afnLsf] ljleGg k|sf/x?nfO{ a9fjf lbO{ Plss[t ls/f Joj:yfkg IPM sf]k|j4{g ug]{gofF k|ljlwsf] k|of]u – wfgsf] ljleGg hftx? k|of]u u/LpAhfpg' hf] of] hnjfo'sf] l:yltdf klg kmNg ;S5_,;/n yf]kf l;FrfO{ -Drip irrigation_ 3/ au}+rfsf]ljljwLs/0f, ljp a}{s v8f u/L aLpmnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg],h}ljs s[lif k|0ffnL, v:s]sf] hldgdf v]tL h:t} au/]v]tL, ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf ;d'bfo:t/df hgr]tgftyf Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd, df};dsf] k"j{ cg'dfg

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cfunfuL Joj:yfkg, invasive

k|hfltsf bi product ;b'kof]u ug{sf] nflu ljleGgvfnsf] k|ljlwx?sf] k|of]u, h:t}M agdf/faf6 h}ljsla|s]6, vfnL jf x}l;ot lau|]sf] hUufdf ;d'bfodfcfwfl/t j[Iff/f]k0f, kfgLsf] >f]t ;+/If0f, e"Ifo lgoGq0f

Integrated hedgerow technology, Zero tillage

practices, lbuf] e"–Joj:yfkg, j[Iff/f]k0f u/]/hldgsf] x}l;otdf ;'wf/ ug]{ -cld|;f] tyf ax' p2]ZoLok|hflt_, land zonation

hgr]tgf clej[l4 -gf6s, sljtf jfrg, ¥ofnL, :s"ndfcfwfl/t sfo{qmd, d]nf, cflb _ / Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd-tfnLd, e|d0f_ gLltut txdf ;+nUgtf - ;~rf/;fdu|L,gLltut ljj/0f, ofqf, ;]ldgf/_

20

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21


References

Bimal Regmi, Alex Morcrette, Apar Paudyal, Rishi Bastakoti and SibongilePradhan. 2010. Participatory Tools and Techniques for Assessing ClimateChange Impacts and Exploring Adaptation options. LFP.

Bimal Regmi and Gyanendra Karki. 2010. Climate change mainstreamingin developing planning in Nepal

IIED, Lessons from Community Based Adaptation, www.iied.org.

IPCC AR4 Glossary 2007

LFP, 2010: Community adaptation planning in Livelihoods and ForestryProgramme: key processes and progresses, LFP

tr 74 adaptation-c cplanning nep

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