towards the prevention and reduction of food losses and waste in the caribbean and latin america
TRANSCRIPT
TOWARDS THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF
FOOD LOSSES AND WASTE IN THE CARIBBEAN AND
LATIN AMERICA
Tania SantivañezRegional Coordinator Food System Program
FAO’S VISION
“A world free from hunger and malnutrition where food
and agriculture contribute to a socially, economically
and environmentally sustainable way to improve the
living stadards of all, espacially of the poorest and
most vulnerable.” (FAO, 2013)
2015 : AGENDA 2030 – Objectives of Sustainable Development
ZERO HUNGER END OF POVERTY
FAO STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
- 2014 - 2017
---------------------- NUTRITION----------------------------------
PILAR 1, LINEA ACCION 3
MODIFY THE AGRO-FOOD-SYSTEM =
HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE
Providing nutritive diets for the
current population and
simultaneously guarantee the
capacity of future generations
to meet its food needs. (FAO,
2013)
CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF FOOD SYSTEMS
Fuente: IFPRI, 2016
TRADITIONAL INTEGRAL
Focused on crops yield Focus on the nutrition per unit of inputs / resources
Emphasis on production / profitableitems
Processing, Storage, Transport
Consumers and the private sector are not considered
Consumers and the private sector are key players
Food security implies only foodavailability
Access is the biggest problem, without forgetting the stability and the use
Global governance dominated bynorthern countries
Emerging economies play anincreasingly important role
No attention to gender issues Gender as an key aspect
SYSTEM
A UNIT (CONJUNTO) OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS WHICH
SATISFIES THREE CONDITIONS:
• EVERY ELEMENT IS AT LEAST RELATED TO ONE OTHER ELEMENT
• AND THIS IS RELATED TO ALL THE OTHER ELEMENTS; DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY
• THERE ARE NO SUB-UNITS OF ELEMENTS WHICH ARE INDEPENDENT
OF OTHER SUB-UNITS
! FINALLY, YOU CANNOT SEPARATE IT INTO INDEPENDENT PARTS.
! THERE ARE PROPERTIES OF ALL, WHICH DO NOT HAVE ANY OF THE PARTS.(A.del Valle)
FOOD SYSTEM
Cada aspecto del sistema alimentario incide en la disponibilidad , acceso, estabilidad y utilizacion a alimentos nutritivos, variados y así
en la capacidad de los consumidores para elegir dietas saludables.
ProductoresSector Privado, Investigadores
Consumidores
.
ECONOMIC FACTORS (GDP,
EXCHANGE RATE), SOCIAL
FACTORS GEOPOLITICAL
ISSUES (POVERTY,
UNEMPLOYMENT) AND
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
(CLIMATE CHANGE)
FOOD SYSTEMS
FS
ES
TRANSPORT
HOW IS THE GLOBAL AGRO-FOOD SYSTEM?
ARE WE FEEDING… OR ARE WE FED?
NOS ESTAMOS ALIMENTANDO O ESTAMOS SIENDO
ALIMENTADOS?
The way in which FOOD is produced, distributed, marketed and
consumed has changed:
Degraded natural resources..land concentrations,
markets
Recursos naturales degradados.. concentración de tierras, comercio
global grandes distancias…globalizacion de las dietas
AGRO-FOOD SYSTEMS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY MORE VERTICALLY INTEGRATED SUPPLY CHAINS
AND REQUIRE A INCREASING AMOUNT OF CAPITAL AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE.
Greater exclusion of small producers, women and young
people.
UNEMPLOYMENT
+80mn
+70mn
LOW TRANSPARENCY OF MARKETS AND PRICES
VOLATILITY
DECREASE OF REMITTANCES
EXCLUSION OF CONSUMERS
CONSUMPTION HABITS AND COMMERCIAL POLICY (1994-2008) NAFTA increased exports of processed and packaged products from the US to Mexico, increasing the incidence of obesity. Clarks et al. (2012)
Food Deserts / Territories with limited access to fresh and nutritional foods
Consumer expectations in relation to food safety, nutrition and health; have
made it necessary to pay more attention to norms.
THERE ARE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRODUCERS.
Consumers have opportunities for consumption, with
limited information.
.
ALCANZAR LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA PARA TODOS Y
ASEGURAR QUE LAS PERSONAS TENGAN ACCESO A
ALIMENTOS DE BUENA CALIDAD QUE LES PERMITAN LLEVAR
UNA VIDA ACTIVA Y SALUDABLE ES LA ESENCIA DE LAS
ACTIVIDADES DE LA FAO.
HOW THIS BE REFLECTED IN THE
REGION?
CHALLENGES FOR THE FOOD-SYSTEM
Concentrationof land
Degraded natural resources
Concentrationwithin comercial
channels
- In ALC, less than 1% are farms over 1000 hectares (<1%), which represent 48% of the total agricultural area.
Source: Lowder, S. K., Skoet, J., Raney, T. (2016): The Number, Size, and Distribution of Farms, Smallholder Farms, and Family Farms Worldwide, en World Development, Volume 87, Paginas 16-29
- About 50% of soils are deficient in nutrients and degragation affects up to half of the territory of some countries.
Source: FAO (2015)
- Argentina (3 most biggest) > 80%- Brasil (4 most biggest) >60%- Chile (4 most biggest) >90%- Honduras (3 most biggest) >95%- México (3 most biggest) >90%- Perú (3 most biggest) >95%
Source: OECD (2015), Market Structure
CHALLENGES FOR THE FOOD-SYSTEM
Access: Inequality and Exclusion
Small Producers /
FamilyFarming
Indigenousvillages, Young
people and women
Pragnant and lactating women
Inequality and Exclusión
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
México
Bolivia
Guatemala
Honduras
Panamá
Brasil
Paraguay
Colombia
Índice GINI
Paí
s
Índice GINI paises más desiguales ALC
Fuente: FAO (2015)
CHALLENGES FOR THE FOOD-SYSTEM
UTILIZATION
54% of the world
population live in
urban areas, in
LAC that
proportion
corresponds to
80% (World Bank)
Changing eating habitsand increasing food-
related illnesses
127 million tons of foodare lost in LAC/year, from production to
consumption, while 34 million people suffer
from hunger
LAC IS EXCESSIVE IN FOOD AS A REGION 2005-2013 (US $ MILLION)
20Source: FAO, 2015
1417
1927
3332
3536
384040
4249
5353
575860606262636565
6767
6870707171
9196
- 20 40 60 80 100 120
Bahamas
San Cristóbal y Nieves
Barbados
Trinidad y Tobago
Guyana
Domínica
Costa Rica
Panamá
Belice
Haití
Honduras
Nicaragua
El Salvador
Colombia
Argentina
Uruguay
Bolivia
33 countries in the region are food importers; 18 are net importers.
Only 40-50% of imports come from LAC
Recognizing the realities of the countries in the region:
Small and big countries
Countries with different levels of development
Exporting and importing countries
Agroindustrial schemes / family farming
High concentration of wealth / marginalized communities
Different governance systems
HOW TO FACE THE CHALLENGES?
HOW TO FACE THE CHALLENGES?
INCLUSIVE
Development with Inclusion (Ali and Zhuang, 2007): ´´Growth with equal
opportunities ... Growth is inclusive when all members of a society are
allowed to contribute and participate in the growth process on an equal
footing, regardless of their individual circumstances“
Associativism, strategies that facilitate the access of the PA to markets
(public purchases, short and long circuits
Accessible and transparent arrangements and mechanisms to facilitate
fair trade
EFFICIENT
– biological, economical, environmental
– Apply phyto-sanitary standards, food safety
– Good practices of comercialization
– Equilibrium between supply and demand (fair prices)
– Smaller quantity of FLW
– Promote good consumption habits
Recognizing that a comprehensive approach to food systems is necessary from NRNN management
to waste and residues
Facilitate access to food
ACCESS AND EQUITABLE BENEFITS
HOW TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES?Tr
ansf
orm
ing
Foo
d S
yste
ms
POLICIES – INVESTMENT – SAFETY AND QUALITY
Recognizing the need for a comprehensive approach to food systems
SUSTAINABLE
HEALTHY
INCLUSIVE
EFFICIENT
.
ALCANZAR LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA PARA TODOS Y
ASEGURAR QUE LAS PERSONAS TENGAN ACCESO A
ALIMENTOS DE BUENA CALIDAD QUE LES PERMITAN LLEVAR
UNA VIDA ACTIVA Y SALUDABLE ES LA ESENCIA DE LAS
ACTIVIDADES DE LA FAO.
HOW ARE WE ADVANCING / IMPULSING IN TERMS
OF EFFICIENCY IN THE AGRO-FOOD SYSTEM IN THE
REGION?
.
ALCANZAR LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA PARA TODOS Y
ASEGURAR QUE LAS PERSONAS TENGAN ACCESO A
ALIMENTOS DE BUENA CALIDAD QUE LES PERMITAN LLEVAR
UNA VIDA ACTIVA Y SALUDABLE ES LA ESENCIA DE LAS
ACTIVIDADES DE LA FAO.
WHAT ARE FLW?
It is the reduction of the mass of food for human consumption at anypoint in the production chain.
LOSSES mainly occur during production, postharvest,storage and transportation.
WASTE occurs during distribution and consumption,in direct relation to the behavior of wholesalers andretailers amd consumers who decide to discard foodsthat still have value.
CRITICAL POINTS
WHAT IMPACTS DO FLW HAVE?
They reduce the local availability of food
They lead to income losses for the producers
They increase prices for consumers
They cause an important waste of resources and energy
They contribute to the emission of greenhouse-gases
2012Rio+20
CAMPAÑA DE SENSIBILIZACIÓN
UN ÁREA ESTRATÉGICA PARA LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA
A STRATEGIC AREA FOR FOOD SECURITY
TECHNICAL PLATFORM FOR THE MEASUREMENT AND REDUCTION OF FOOD LOSSES AND WASTE
COORDINATION - COLABORATION
• Promote actions referring to FLW by considering national approaches • Share information about parameters of FLW• Support the “Community of Practice” discussion forum about food loss reduction• Present solutions for FLW• Discuss trends and work-plans within different initiatives about FLW reduction of the
private sector, international organizations and development partners•
http://www.fao.org/platform-food-loss-waste/news-events/es/
THE INITIATIVE SAFE-FOOD
• SAVE FOOD as a public-private alliance and civil society.
• Dialogue strengthening with farmers, industry, decision makers and civil society.
• A growing number of network partners (over 450).
• National initiatives for the reduction of FLW.
• Support of national projects: North Africa, West Africa, Near East, CARICOM
Collaboration and Coordination
A STRATEGIC AREA FOR FOOD SECURITY
2015
ADVANCE AND CHALLENGUES ON FLW IN LAC
2014 2016 - 2017
“Regional Agenda vitalices regional and
national processes”
“Positioning, Strategy, Sensitization”
2014 2015
Regional AllianceNational Committees
PROMOTION OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL
INSTITUTIONALITY
Network of Experts
Regional Strategy
PROVIDING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONALITY
Program, presentations and conclusions: http://www.fao.org/americas/eventos/ver/es/c/253255/
Regional Network of FLW experts for LACResearchers,
WHY A REGIONAL STRATEGY?
• ALL THE COUNTRIES PRODUCE FLW.
• LACK OF COORDINATION TO IMPLEMENT EFFICIENT
MEASURES.
• LACK OF A REGIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM.
• FLW CONTINUE TO BE GENERATED DAY BY DAY.
• THERE ARE SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS
LEARNED THAT ARE CONSTITUTED AS A REFERENCE TO
FACE THIS PROBLEM.
RESEARCH, TECNOLOGY AND
INNOVATION
COMUNICATION AND SENSITIZATION
GOVERNANCE
EVIDENCIA/CUANTIFICACIONTECNOLOGÍAINNOVACIÓN
SENSIBILIZACIÓN
ALIANZAS PÚBLICAS Y PRIVADASDIALOGO ACTORESIMPULSAR POLITICAS PUBLICASREDES
ESTUDIOS EN PDA EN CADENAS SELECCIONADAS CON ÉNFASIS EN ALIMENTOS DE LA CANASTA BÁSICA (FRUTAS, VEGETALES, PESCADO, PAN, QUINUA).
CAMPAÑA ”PIENSA, COME Y REDUCE” EN LAC
MATERIAL DE DISEMINACIÓN: VIDEOS, EVENTOS PROMOCIONALES
DIVULGATIVO Y CONTENIDOS DE CAPACITACIÓN: BOLETINES
I DIALOGO REGIONAL 2015 CÓDIGO DE CONDUCTA II DIALOGO REGIONAL 2016
REGIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLW PREVENTION AND REDUCTION
REGIONAL ALLIANCE OF FOOD LOSSES
AND WASTE:
PLATFORM FOR POLITICAL ARTICULATION AND
INNOVATION
Establishment of common goals for the reduction of FLW
The alliance is being built through NATIONAL COMMITTEES, which integratedifferent public and private actors and the civil society.
Some reference working groups are Argentina, Costa Rica, Chile, Colombiaand the Dominican Republic, CARICOM, Uruguay, Mexico.
ACTORS OF NATIONAL COMMITTESS
Members: Actors of the Food System as:
• Ministries and other State Institutions• Academy• Food Industry• Producer Associations• Consumer Associations• Civil Society Organizations• FAO Representation• National Expert – Member of the Regional Network of
FLW experts
Role of the National Committees … What is a Committee?
• It is an Advisory body, cooperation, synergy ( instancia consultiva)
• Recommends / generates policy guidelines for the prevention and reduction of PDA (State)
• Establishes cooperation agreements and public-private partnerships for the development of innovation, technology and awareness-raising
• Facilitates the exchange of experiences and lessons learned from cases of national FLW prevention
Tool: National action plan of FLW reduction / Regional Strategy
TENDENCIES
• LEGAL INITIATIVES/REGULATIONS IN PROGRESS/ INSTITUTIONALITY• STANDARDIZATION OF QUANTIFICATION METHODS/RESEARCH• REDUCTION / EXPLOITATION (APROVECHAMIENTO)
• Currently, the trend in the region in terms of legal and regulatory initiatives points to the reduction, rather than to the prevention of FLWs.
• International anti-waste legislation promoted mainly by France has generated several replies in LAC countries.
• The countries with law projects in advance are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Uruguay
20
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES BY EXPERTS OF THE FLW NETWORK
• MEXICO: Group of Food Losses and Waste – Crusade against Hunger. Evaluation of waste of basic food basket products.
• TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO: Universidad de West Indies. Post-harvest losses of cassava, mango and others.
• BRAZIL: EMBRAPA, normative, research
• CHILE: Universidad Santiago de Chile – USACH. Quantification of FLW of basic food basket products: lettuce, rice, bread, potato.
• COSTA RICA: Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Evaluation of losses in Costa Rican agribusiness.
– COLOMBIA: Departamento Nacional de Planeación: 10 million de tn. FLW / year
• ARGENTINA, COLOMBIA, CHILE: Bancos de Alimentos. Quantification of food recovered from retail.
¿HACIA DONDE SE QUIERE LLEGAR?ESTABLISHMENT OF REDUCTION SCENARIOS
2014 2014 2015 2016
REFERENCES SPA/EN
