towards the future generation of adaptive glazing facades
TRANSCRIPT
Towards the future generation of
adaptive glazing facades
Adaptive Façade Conference 2014
European Façade Network Conference – 28th November 2014
PhD student: Fabio Favoino
Supervisor: Dr Mauro Overend
Contents
2 Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
1. State-Of-The-Art of adaptive glazing
2. Future generation of adaptive glazing
3. Description of the method and the tool designed
4. Energy saving potentials
5. Optimal thermo-optical properties
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Results
Energy in office buildings: building envelope design
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N
S
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Helsinki, FI HDD 3902 London, UK HDD 1828 Rome, IT HDD 1415
Ref: Jin et al. (2014), Sensitivity of façade performance to early-stage design variables, Energy and Buildings 77, 457-466
Transparent Building Envelope properties [U-value, g-value, Tvis] have the highest
impact on energy consumption of a building in different climates (office buildings)
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Glazing Technologies: State-of-the-art
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Glazing Adaptive Technologies: State-of-the-art
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Glazing Adaptive Technologies: the future?
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Define the characteristics of future generation adaptive glazing :
- Energy saving potential (overall and break up in heating, cooling and lighting, climate and
orientation)
- Thermo-optical properties (modulation ranges, relationships, control)
Definition of a method and design of BS tool
- Method to define an optimal adaptive glazing based on its performance
- Tool overcoming the limitations of current energy simulation software (variable
properties, receding horizon control, state update and integration with lighting system);
- Application of the method to a representative case study (cellular office in different
climates and orientations)
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Inverse model for adaptive facades
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
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T vi
s [-
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SHGC [-]
Static products
t v
is
g-value
COMFORT
Desired ouput (comfort, energy
consumption)
Occupation
Input (External
Climate)
Façade properties at time t
Time
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Inverse model for adaptive facades
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
• Ye et al. (2012): theoretically derived for two climate extremes (glazing)
• Zeng et al. (2012): SQL applied to RC model – modelling limitations and optimisation of just one
property at the time (themal mass)
• Kasinalis et al. (2014): long term adaptiveness only (general, any property)
• Erikson (thermal mass) (2013), De Forest (IR glazing properties) (2013), Martinez (opaque
envelope properties) and Goia (WWR) (2014): simulation of static material properties and post-
processing to approximate adaptive material
• Loonen et al. (2014): approach of Kasinalis extended to shorter adaptiveness (general, any property).
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T vi
s [-
]
SHGC [-]
Static products
t v
is
g-value
COMFORT
Desired ouput (comfort, energy
consumption)
Occupation
Input (External
Climate)
Façade properties at time t
Time
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Architecture of the tool
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
What can we simulate?
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
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Building envelope (Active/Passive) and RES:
1.Construction state
2.Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient
3.Material Surface properties
4.Schedules
5.Airflow Network Opening
6. RES Generation and Storage
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
What can we simulate?
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
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Building envelope (Active/Passive) and RES:
1.Construction state
2.Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient
3.Material Surface properties
4.Schedules
5.Airflow Network Opening
6. RES Generation and Storage
Objective functions:
a) Total Primary Energy
b) Net Primary Energy (N-ZEB)
c) Thermal Comfort
d) Visual Comfort
e) IEQ
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Potential applications
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Concept design
System design
and control
Material design
and optimisation
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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U-value [0.20-5.14]
1. g-value [0.00-0.84]
Tvis [0.00-0.98]
g-value [-]
Case study: future generation adaptive glazing
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Aim: pinpoint ideal adaptive glazing properties in order to evaluate the energy saving
potential of future generation adaptive glazing facades
Tvis
[-]
U-value [W/m2K]
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Optimal adaptive glazing - Variable properties limits
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
1 2 3 4
OUT IN
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
OUT OUT IN IN
DGU SGU TGU
1. Possible technologies
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1. Possible technologies
2. Variable surface properties
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Optimal adaptive glazing - Variable properties limits
1 2 3 4
OUT IN
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
OUT OUT IN IN
DGU SGU TGU
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2. Variable surface properties
3. Variable surface and cavity properties
g-value [-]
Uglazing [W/m2K]
tvis = g-value/0.423
tvis [-]
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Optimal adaptive glazing - Variable properties limits
1 2 3 4
OUT IN
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
OUT OUT IN IN
DGU SGU TGU
1. Possible technologies
Representative case study and optimisation problem
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
3 m 5 m
3.5 m
WWR = 40% T heating = 20° C [12 ° C setback] T cooling = 26° C [40 ° C setback] Ventilation = 1.4 l/sm2
Equipment PD = 13.46 W/m2 (Office profile) Lighting PD = 12.00 W/m2 (Office profile) Lighting control = 5 step dimming [500 lux on working plane threshold]
h Heating = 0.85 SEER Cooling = 3.50 Fuel factors according to national context
Typical Office Room
Climate and Orientation
Helsinki London Rome
Environmental conditions and HVAC
N
E S
W
Optimisation:
Global (PSO) +
Local (GPSHJ)
algorithm
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Results – Climate comparison (South)
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R Y M D R Y M D R Y M D
5% 11%
21%
12% 22%
36% 34% 47%
57%
Helsinki London Rome
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Results – Sub-hourly ideal glazing adaptive properties
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Dimension of the problem
50 possible states ^ 40
variables = 50^40 possible
states
Climate – Rome South Oriented – 19 Jul Wed to 22 Jul Sat
Control
Energy
Performance
Up to 60% energy saving
compared to reference, 45%
to best static and 15%
compared to daily adaptive for
the same days
3.5 hrs * 4days = 14 hrs =
25000 evaluations* 4days
Issues
Complexity of solution
Speed
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Results – Ideal glazing adaptive properties
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Y - Ideal static glazing
properties
M – Monthly ideal adaptive
glazing properties
D – Daily ideal adaptive
glazing properties
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Results – Ideal glazing adaptive properties
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Cumulative time frequency
Ideal performance (energy saved)
compared to optimized static
Which thermo-optical properties values are the most frequent?
Which thermo-optical properties values are the most effective?
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Results – Ideal glazing adaptive properties - Orientation
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Cumulative time frequency Ideal performance (energy saved)
compared to optimized static
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Tvis Rome Climate Tvis/g-value Rome Climate
Conclusions: Future Adaptive glazing
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
• Seasonal adaptive glazing: in general 10-12% energy saving for ESW orientations for all climates
compared to best static performance (more for hotter climates);
• Daily adaptive glazing: additional 10-15% energy saving for NEWS for all climates compared to best
static performance (more for colder climates);
• Hourly adaptive glazing: additional 15% compared to daily adaptive (40% compared to best static) for
one scenario (week in July in London, South Oriented);
• Cooling demand nearly eliminated (80-97% less), the higher the adaptiveness the lower the energy for
cooling and heating;
• Modulation of U-value important only in hotter climates
• Increasing the modulation range of g-value e Tvis important in colder climates
• NIR and visible spectrum need to be independently tunable (achievable with a combination of
technologies or with new synthetyzed material)
• Same technology could be used for different climates and orientations
• Complexity of the solution could be reduced to fewer descrete points (less complex technological
solution, easier to control)
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Objective: Design a tool that can be used to assist the design and the
optimisation of new adaptive façade concepts and technologies:
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Adaptive
Façade
Opt tool
Rely on validated Energy
Simulation Tool
General formulation of adaptive
building envelope (timescale,
active/passive, physical properties)
Integrated with optimisation algorithms
for design and control optimisation
Multi-domain: considers all
physical domain involved
(energy, comfort)
Modular and User
friendly
Computationally efficient
and scalable
Accurate and reliable
modelling of adaptiveness
Method for design optimisation for
adaptive building envelope
Conclusions: Tool
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Towards the future generation of adaptive
glazing facades:
any case study???
email: [email protected]
Fabio Favoino, Mauro Overend