Towards Geographies of Consumption Measuring energy consumption from transportation in metropolitan areas. Rob Neff Geography and Environmental Systems UMBC Presented at Baltimore Ecosystem Study UMBC, October 18-19, 2006 Outline Representing the consumptive landscape Representing the consumptive landscape Transportation and patterns of energy consumption Transportation and patterns of energy consumption Patterns of division at work and at home Patterns of division at work and at home Conclusions Conclusions Future directions Future directions Representing the Consumptive Landscape All-or-Nothing traffic assignment model All-or-Nothing traffic assignment model Origin-Destination data from the Census Origin-Destination data from the Census Emissions from commuters who drove alone Emissions from commuters who drove alone Commuting patterns for all commuters Commuting patterns for all commuters GHG emissions assigned to residences and workplaces GHG emissions assigned to residences and workplaces Hotspots: workplaces with above-average emissions Hotspots: workplaces with above-average emissions Results for each hotspot visualized as statistical surfaces Results for each hotspot visualized as statistical surfaces Work-sheds Work-sheds Car-sheds Car-sheds Emission-sheds Emission-sheds Study Area Place Emissions (MTCE) Percent of TotalDrivers Percent of TotalCommuters Percent of Total Center City %84, %239, % King of Prussia %44, %53, % NE Philadelphia %17, %27, % All Hotspots %515, %864, % Other %927, %1,238, % All Places %1,443, %2,102, % Selected Totals Place KgCE / Driver KgCE / Commuter Commuters Driving (%) Center City % King of Prussia % NE Philadelphia % All Hotspots % Other % All Places % Selected Efficiency Measures Solo Drivers Emissions Commuters Center City Center City Workplace Diversity Center City Transit & Earnings Solo Drivers Emissions Commuters King of Prussia King of Prussia Workplace Diversity King of Prussia Transit & Earnings Solo Drivers Emissions Commuters NE Philadelphia NE Philadelphia Workplace Diversity NE Philadelphia Transit & Earnings Emissions Cross Tabulations Efficiency Cross Tabulations Southeast PA Transit Index of Dissimilarity =.7465 Residences Index of Dissimilarity =.3521 (Hotspots Only =.2813) Workplaces Residences Conclusions Urban workplaces were more efficient, per commuter and per driver. Urban workplaces were more efficient, per commuter and per driver. Suburban workplaces were less efficient Suburban workplaces were less efficient ~65% of all commuters ~65% of all commuters ~76% of all emissions ~76% of all emissions The pattern of energy consumption is centrifugal The pattern of energy consumption is centrifugal Raw numbers increase away from the city Raw numbers increase away from the city Efficiency decreases away from the city Efficiency decreases away from the city Emissions increase away from hotspots Emissions increase away from hotspots Areas of highest energy consumption also are areas of the greatest racial exclusion Areas of highest energy consumption also are areas of the greatest racial exclusion Urban/Suburban dichotomy in both sets of patterns Urban/Suburban dichotomy in both sets of patterns Northeast Philadelphia as a counter example Northeast Philadelphia as a counter example Future Directions Comparative studies Comparative studies Software development Software development Extension to air quality issues Extension to air quality issues Economic, cultural and social drivers of regional consumption patterns Economic, cultural and social drivers of regional consumption patterns Links to land use Links to land use Strengthening links to other scales and places Strengthening links to other scales and places Towards Geographies of Consumption Measuring energy consumption from transportation in metropolitan areas. Rob Neff Geography and Environmental Systems UMBC Presented at Baltimore Ecosystem Study UMBC, October 18-19, 2006