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Towards establishment of Pakistan

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Lahore Resolution

• Presented in Lahore by Moulvi A.K.Fazal-i-Huq

• Adopted by all the participants unanimously

• Specified a line of action for a separate state for Muslims of India

• Widely criticized by the Congress leaders

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Cripps Mission

• Sir Stafford Cripps arrived in India for negotiations with Indian leaders on the future constitution in 1942.

• The British were losing the war at that stage.• They offered Dominion Status to India after the war,

power sharing at present and Indian help in the war.• Mission failed.

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Quit India Movement 1942

• The Congress started “Quit India Movement” and demanded that the British should immediately withdraw from India.

• In response to Congress demand of “Quit India” the League demanded “Divide and Quit” ‘

• The League remained aloof from the Movement since it was aimed as much against the Muslims as it was against the British.

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Gandhi-Jinnah Talks 1944

• Gandhi-Jinnah talks on the issue of Pakistan.

• Mr. Gandhi was opposed to the two- nation theory which formed the basis of the Pakistan demand and he refused the Muslims the right of self determination.

• Talks failed.

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Simla Conference 1945

• Lord Wavel arranged a conference at Simla in June-July, 1945 to discuss the formation of an Executive Council.

• The Congress claimed that it represented all the communities in India and as such it could nominate Muslims as the members of the new council.

• AIML rejected the Congress demand and asserted that it had the only right for Muslims nominations.

• Conference failed and widen the gulf between Muslim League and the Congress.

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Election 1945-46

• Elections held according to Wavel Plan.• Muslim League’s stand:-– Sole representative of Muslims of India– Goal is Pakistan

• Congress’s stand:-– Representative of all Indians– Independence of India

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• Central legislature elections in December 1945:-– Muslim League won all 30 Muslim seats.– Congress won total of 57 seats.

• Provincial elections in February 1946.• Muslim League won most of the seats.– 75/86 in Punjab, four joined later on.– 113/119 in Bengal.– 28/35 in Sind.– 17/38 in N.W.F.P, Khudai Khidmatgars got

majority with the help of Congress.

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Delhi Convention April,1946

• A convention of all elected members of All India Muslim League held in Delhi in April, 1946.

• Pakistan was again demanded.• Hussain Shaheed Suharwardi moved a

resolution about amendment in Lahore resolution for establishment of a separate state, not states.

• Resolution was opted unanimously.

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Cabinet Mission March 1946

• Three members:-– Pathic Lawrence– Stafford Cripps– A.V.Alexandar

• Presented report in May

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The interim Government

• Liaqat Ali Khan as Finance Minister

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3rd June Plan 1947

• Announcement of Dominion status by Lord Mountbatten

• Transfer of Power on 14 &15 August• Boundary Commission headed by Lord

Redcliff

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The Constituent Assembly

• First session on 11th August• 1935 India Act with some amendments

was opted as first Constitution of Pakistan.

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah was entitled as “Quaid-i-Azam”

• Flag of Pakistan was approved

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Establishment of Pakistan

• Power transferred on 14 August by Lord Mount Batten in Karachi.

• Quaid-i-Azam first Governer General

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