Toward the Modern Age

(1800-1928)

5.4

II. Inspired by the American & French Revolutions, people in Latin America fight to break from European rule

Latin America in 1800

A. Toussaint Louverture, a former slave, led a successful slave rebellion on the French held island of Haiti (1791-1803)

HAITI

Toussaint Louverture (1743-1803)

Gulf of Mexico

Mexico

Caribbean Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Cuba“I was born a slave, but

nature gave me the soul of a free man.”

B. Local leaders rose and fought the unfair class system & Spanish rule

1) Peninsulare (European born) 2) Creole (European ancestry, born in Latin America) 3) Mestizo (mixed European/Indian) 4) Mulatto (mixed European/Black) 5) Indian (Native American) 6) Zambo (mixed Indian/Black) 7) Black (descendent of African slaves)

Simon Bolivar (1783-1

830)

1. Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin defeated the Spanish army, create independent states in S. America (1811-1831)

Jose de San Martin (1778-1850)

Simon Bolivar (1813-1821)

South American Wars of Liberation

Jose de San Martin

(1816-1821)

Bolivar Attacks Spanish Forces

“Do not compare your material forces

with those of the enemy. Spirit cannot be compared with

matter. You are free, they are slaves.

Fight, and you shall win. For God grants

victory to perseverance.”

San Martin Declares Independence“My promises to the people have been fulfilled — to accomplish their independence and leave the

choice of their rulers to their own will.”

C. Father Miguel Hidalgo- proclaimed Mexican independence (Sept. 16,1810), began 11 years of revolutionary struggle

NEW SPAIN

1810

MEXICO

“Mexicanos! Viva Mexico!”

Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811)

Execution of Father Hidalgo

1. Mexico achieved independence in 1821, but is hurt by civil wars, corruption, & was controlled by a series of dictators

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

(1794-1876)

President/Dictator of Mexico (1833-1855)

2. Mexico loses territory after wars w/Texas (1835-36) and the US (1846-1848), & was invaded and conquered by France in 1862

The Alamo

(1848) Mexican Cession

(1853)Gadsden Purchase

and the US (1846-1848), & was invaded and conquered by France in 1862

a. Mexicans victorious at Puebla (May 5, 1862), but French forces soon seized control, Mexico regained independence in 1867 under president Benito Juarez

Benito Juarez (1806-1872)

*President of Mexico from 1858-1872, first

Native American president

*Known as the “Abraham Lincoln” of Mexico– kept nation together through

civil war and French invasion

“Among individuals, as among nations, peace is respect of other’s rights.”

3. Another Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) results in democracy with the Constitution of 1917 (new government reduced the power of the Catholic Church, and distributed land to the poor)

Leaders of Mexico (1875-1924)

Porfirio Diaz (1875-1911)Francisco Madero (1911-1913)

Victoriano Huerta (1913-1915)Venustiano Carranza (1915-1920)

Pancho Villa

Emiliano Zapata

Alvaro Obregon (1920-1924)

Latin America

Independent

III. Growth & Development of Great Britain in the Victorian Age

A. By Queen Victoria’s rule (1837-1901), Great Britain’s government controlled by the Prime Minister who was appointed by the political party that controlled Parliament (Liberal or Conservative)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9wWBjnaEck

Westminster Palace & “Big Ben”

Queen Victoria (1819-1901)R. 1837-1901

Victorian Age Fashion

The Victorian Age in Britain

Buckingham Palace Albert

Queen Victoria

Monument

Quotes: Queen Victoria“Being pregnant is an occupational

hazard of being a wife.”

“We are not interested in the possibilities of defeat. They do not exist.”

“Do not to let your feelings of momentary irritation and discomfort be seen by others; don't let every little feeling be read in your face and seen in your manner . . .”

Benjamin Disraeli *Conservative Party (Tory) PM from 1874-1880, 1868 *Gained control of the Suez Canal

*Expanded the British Empire into China & Africa

William Gladstone *Liberal party (Whig) PM 1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886, 1892-1894

*Tolerance for Irish Catholics *Expansion of voting rights to all men *Secret ballot

Prime Ministers

of Great Britain

Great Britain hosted the Great Exibition in 1851 to show 13,000 international exhibits of Industrial Age technology. Millions of people visited. The exhibits were housed inside the glass and steel

Crystal Palace

The Great Exhibition (1851)

Koh-i-noor (105 carats)

Original steam engines that lifted the bridge sections

London’s Tower Bridge (1894)

B. Era of Reform- laws passed to protect workers and extend democracy

British House of Common in the 1850s

RichardWilliam Hogarth The Polling (1755)

1. Voting rights reforms achieved near universal male suffrage (all men could vote) by 1885

2. The Suffragists, led by Emmeline Pankhurst, protested for voting rights for women (British women not given full voting rights until 1928)

Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928)

Think About It……*For the people that DID NOT want women to vote, what arguments do you think they made to back-up their position?

*For the people that DID want women to vote, what arguments do you think they made to back-up their position?

“Woman does not wish to vote as she does not wish to engage in that conflict of wills which is the essence of politics; she does not wish to assume the responsibility for protecting person and property which is the essence of government. She has other, more important work to do. It is the work of the protection of family and society.” -Lyman Abbott

"The women of this country ought be enlightened in regard to the laws under which they live, that they may no longer publish their degradation by declaring themselves satisfied with their present position, nor their ignorance, by asserting that they have all the rights they want.” -Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Emily Davison stepped in front of the King’s horse in protest on June 13, 1913

B. British Empire expanded to include: Australia, India, Canada, New Zealand, parts of Africa & Asia, many islands Key Territories and Trade

Routes of the British Empire

CANADA

INDIA

AUSTRALIA

NEW ZEALAND

EGYPT

SOUTH AFRICA

HONG KONG

1. Britain’s economy & empire supported by strongest navy on earth, controlled world’s major trade routes

British ships had undeniable

control of the seas for

hundreds of years

THINK ABOUT IT…. How would naval

supremacy add to a nation’s strength?

James Cook (1728-1779)

Explorations of James Cook

Australia

Hawaii

New Zealand

Sydney, Australia

HMS Warrior (1860), the first iron-clad, steam powered warship

2. William Wilberforce led Britain to abolish slavery & enforce the end of the slave trade across the Atlantic (1807)

“So enormous, so dreadful did the slave trade's wickedness appear that my mind was completely made up for abolition. I determined that I would never rest until

this was achieved."

British MP, William Wilberforce (1759-1833)

John Newton (1725-1807)

Writer of the hymn, “Amazing Grace”

D. Ireland was part of Britain, but many Irish wanted independence

1. In 1845, entire Irish potato crop failed, led to the Irish Potato Famine, millions starved or fled Ireland

Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849)

Ellis Island (New York)

E. Through the late 1800s and early 1900s millions of Irish, German, Italian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, and other Eastern European people immigrated to the US in hope of a better life

On a ½ sheet of paper write your name and……….

* Write down two things you learned from anything in 5.3 to 5.4

* A question you have about anything in 5.3 through 5.4?