LCLS

Toward an X-Ray Free Electron Laser

Joachim StöhrStanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory

LCLS

Storage rings

Single pass linear colliders

Development of High Energy Physics and X-Ray Sources

HEP SR

Single pass linacsFree electron lasers (FELs)Energy recovery linacs (ERLs)

-- From storage rings to linacs --

LCLSX-Ray Brightness and Pulse Length

• X-ray brightness determined by electron beam brightness

• X-ray pulse length determined by electron beam pulse length

Storage ringEmittance and bunch length are result of an equilibriumtypical numbers: 2 nm rad, 50 psec

Linac beam can be much brighter and pulses much shorter– at cost of “jitter”

LinacNormalized emittance is determined by gun Bunch length is determined by compressiontypical numbers: 0.03 nm rad, 100 fs

LCLSEarly Linac-Based XUV-FEL Proposal by Los Alamos

Note: Concept based on SASE

1988

LCLS

February, 1992 -Proposal for a hv > 300 eV FEL Based on the SLAC Linacby C. Pellegrini, UCLA

February, 1992 –LCLS Technical Design Group formed by H. Winick

August, 1996 –The LCLS Design Study Group, under the leadership ofMax Cornacchia, begins work on the first LCLS Design Report

December 1998 –The first edition of the LCLS Design Study Report is published

Proposal of a SASE Based (Soft) X-Ray FEL at SLAC

1998

1992

LCLSScientific and Programmatic Recommendations

• 1994, National Research Council StudyFree Electron Lasers and Other Advanced Sources of Light, Scientific Research Opportunities, concluded that FELs were not competitive with conventional lasers for scientific applications except in the X-ray region.

• 1997, Birgeneau-Shen BESAC Report DOE Synchrotron Radiation Sources and Sciencerecommended funding an R&D program in next-generation light sources and convening another BESAC panel to focus on this topic.

• 1999 Leone BESAC Report Novel, Coherent Light Sourcesconcluded: “Given currently available knowledge and limited funding resources, the hard X-ray region (8-20 keV or higher) is identified as the most exciting potential area for innovative science. DOE should pursue the development of coherent light source technology in the hard X-ray region as a priority. This technology will most likely take the form of a linac-based free electron laser using self-amplified stimulated emission or some form of seeded stimulated emission…”

LCLS

Report of the

Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee

Panel on Novel Coherent Light Sources

Stephen R. Leone (Chair)JILA and NIST

University of ColoradoBoulder, CO 80309Sponsored by the

June 18, 1999 – SLAC/LCLS receives $1.5M from DOE BES for LCLS research

February 27, 1999

FindingThe Panel found that the most exciting potential advancein the area of innovative science is most likely in the hard x-ray region, in the range 8-20KeV, and even higher.

Need..development of a compelling and rigorous scientific case, possibly facilitated by chief scientists, that can only be achievedif such a source becomes available….

Recommendation…SLAC, ANL and BNL should assume the lead role of formulating the necessary experimental steps, and involving other laboratories and universities….… that DOE fund a multi-laboratory R&D effort to realize a test facility – LCLS …. as foundation for a potential Advanced X-Ray Source (AXS).

Leone Panel Report 1999

LCLS

LCLS

LCLS - an R&D facility – coupling synchrotron, laser and high energy physics

A Multi-laboratory Collaboration - toward

Undulator

hybrid fabrication and error control

Accelerator

photoinjector beam dynamics

linear colliders

Instrumentation

high heat load opticsdetectors

UCLA

LLNL

LCLS

l Based on single pass free electron laser (FEL)

l Uses high energy linac (~15 GeV) to provide compressed electron beam to long undulator(s) (~120 m)

l Based on SASE physics to produce 800-8,000eV (up to 24KeV in 3rd harmonic) radiation

l Analogous in concept to XFEL of TESLA project at DESY

Concepts of the LCLS:

LCLS

• SASE gives 106 intensity gainover spontaneous emission

• FELs can produce ultrafastpulses (of order 100 fs)

LCLS

At entrance to the undulator Exponential gain regime Saturation(maximum bunching)

Excerpted from the TESLA Technical Design Report, released March 2001

Microbunching through SASE Process

LCLSChallenges in creating an XFEL

•Photocathode gun

•Bunch compression

•Acceleration

•Control of electron beam in undulator

•FEL Physics

•Intense synchrotron radiation

34 Workshops (1992-present) have addressed technical issues and scientific case

Important early Workshops:

Workshop on Fourth Generation Light Sources Stanford, 2/24-27/1992

ICFA Workshop on 4th Generation Light Sources Grenoble, 1/22-25/1996

International Workshop on X-ray Free Electron Laser Applications Hamburg, 9/16-17/1996

LCLSSASE concept has been verified at longer wavelength

• UCLA/SLAC/Kurchatov/LANL FELØ 105 Gain at 12 µmØ Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4867 (1998)

• LEUTL, APSØ SASE Saturation at 390 & 530 nm

• VISA, LCLS collaborationØ Saturation observed at 800 nmØ SASE parameters close to LCLS

• TTF FEL, DESY

ØGain ~106 in the range 80-180 nmØ Phase 2: 1 GeV, 60 Å in 2003

Argonne Results – LEUTL facility

Courtesy J. Rossbach

LCLSRecent Results (10/2000) from the APS LEUTL FEL Facility

Recent results (unpublished) from APS LEUTL facility showing remarkable gain in FEL radiation at 530 and 390 nm with clear saturation behavior as predicted theoretically (Steve Milton, Efim Gluskin and collaborators at APS)

LCLS

Preliminary recent results (unpublished) from VISA showing large gain (2 106) in SASE FEL radiation and saturation at 830 nm.

Visible to Infrared SASE Amplifier

Enclosure for 4-m long VISA undulator

Enclosure for 4-m long VISA undulatorPop-In DiagnosticsPop-In Diagnostics

Data Points taken along VISA Undlator

Data Points taken along VISA Undlator

Direction of Electron Beam

Direction of Electron Beam

wavelength 830 nm wavelength 830 nm

Onset of Saturation

Onset of Saturation

VISA IR Energy vs Position

RMS Bunch Length: 900 fsAverage Charge: 170 pCPeak Current: 75 AMeasured Projected Emittance: 1.7 mm mradEstimated Slice Emittance: 0.8 mm mradEnergy Spread: 7×10-4

Equivalent Spontaneous Energy: 5 pJPeak SASE Energy: 10 µJTotal Gain: 2×106

16 March 2001

Beam ParametersSufficient for LCLS

Beam ParametersSufficient for LCLS

LCLS and Visa Collaboration Achieves Breakthrough

LCLS

LLINACINAC CCOHERENTOHERENT LLIGHTIGHT SSOURCEOURCE2 Km

0 Km

3 Km

LCLS

SLAC Research Yard

The Future Home of LCLS

Future LCLS Undulator

LINAC

LCLSLocation of the 2 Experimental Halls

330 m

UndulatorHall A Hall B

LCLSExperimental Hall A

LCLSExperimental Hall B

LCLSLCLS Accelerator and Compressor Schematic

• Electron beam from off-axis injector enters existing SLAC s-band (2.8 GHz) linac at 2 km point.

•Two Bunch compressors reduce RMS bunch length from 0.84 mm to 0.023 mm.

• X-band linac section (Linac-X, 12 GHz) inserted for correction of field non-linearities.

• Electron beam dump and experimental are to the right of the 120-m long undulator.

LCLS

∆∆Ε/ΕΕ/Ε

zz

∆∆Ε/ΕΕ/Ε

zz

∆∆Ε/ΕΕ/Ε

zz

VV = = VV00sin(sin(ωτωτ))

22σσzz00

22σσzz

∆∆zz = = R R ∆∆Ε/ΕΕ/Ε

UnderUnder--compressioncompression

OverOver--compressioncompression

RF accelerating voltagecreates chirp

RF accelerating voltageRF accelerating voltagecreates chirpcreates chirp

Path length – energy dependent chicanecompresses bunch

Path length Path length –– energy dependent chicaneenergy dependent chicanecompresses bunchcompresses bunch

Electron Bunch Compression Scheme

LCLSRF Photocathode Gun

• S-band RF Accelerating Gradient for rapid acc. (much higher than DC ⇒lower e)

• External Solenoidal Field for emittance compensation

• Copper Photocathode QE is less sensitive to gun vacuum environment

• 500 mJ UV Laser System with pulse shaping capability and <1 psec stability

Requirements: 120 Hz single bunch, ~10 psec pulse, 1 nC, γε = 1 mm-mrad

LCLS

Projected emittance approaching LCLS requirements

Expect achievement of LCLS performance with shaped laser pulse

Lower charge may give higher FEL gain

MOD1

KLY-1

GTFLASERROOM

GTFRF GUN

SSRL BOOSTER RING

MOD2

KLY-2MOD3

KLY-3

GTFCONTROLROOM

8 m LaserTransport System

SSRL Injector Vault

300 pC bunch charge and 2 ps FWHM pulse340 pC bunch charge and 4 ps FWHM pulse

Solenoid Scan Analysis - GTF 2/01

1.8 π mm-mrad @ 0.3 nC

Measured performance at SSRL gun test facility

LCLSTi Strongback for LCLS undulator prototype (ANL/APS)

planar, hybrid undulator (33 4.3-m sections)

LCLSX-ray Optics (LLNL)

l Beam attenuator gas cell

l Computer modeling of FEL electromagnetic propagation Precision calculation of diffraction by optical elements

l Novel optical element concepts preserve unique photon beam properties and manage radiation loadsn Liquid mirrors

n Beam splitter and femtosec x-ray delay line performance simulated

l Optical bunch compression schemes being evaluated to achieve <50 fs FEL pulse length

LCLSLCLS X-ray Collimating and Focusing Optics (LLNL)

Large-diameter mandrel (left) and replicated optic (right)

Small-diameter mandrel

LCLSFormulation of the Scientific Case

A long history of scientific workshops dating back to 1992

1999 Leone Panel: Requests development of a compelling and rigorous scientific case

October, 1999: Formation of LCLS SAC

March, 2000: DOE Charge to LCLS SAC:Produce document, based on best scientific vision,describing about 5 experiments for LCLS startup,including feasibility estimates and optic/detector technology.

September, 2000: Document delivered to DOE-BES

October 24-25, 2000: Presentation of 5 experiments to BESAC

Ø Received unanimous endorsement of DOE BESAC to prepare and submit formal LCLS Conceptual Design Report

LCLS

LCLSX-FEL Radiation – Electric and Magnetic Fields

LCLS

LCLS

LCLSUse of unique FEL Properties: Classes of Experiments

Utilize Peak Brightness and Ultrafast Pulses:

• “Single shot” experiments – 1012 ph/shot, 109 coh.-ph./shotcreating and probing new states of matterultrafast imagingmulti-photon processes

• Probe-probe experiments equilibrium dynamics:dynamic imagingcorrelation spectroscopy (statistics)

• Pump-probe experiments non-equilibrium dynamics:molecular, cluster, liquid, solid state dynamics

probing extreme states of matter

LCLSLCLS Beam can Probe or Manipulate Matter

l Flux density can be varied byfocussing: factor 106

l X-ray absorption can be varied by tuning energy: factor 10 - 102

l X-ray absorption depends on atomic number: factor 105

0.1 x 0.1 µm

100 x 100 µm

Wavelength range 15 A 1.5 APeak sat. power 11 GW 9 GW# coh. photons/pulse 2.2x1013 2.2x1012

Energy bandwidth 0.42% 0.21%Pulse width (FWHM) 230 fs 230 fs

LCLS

• Peak brightness exceeds existing x-ray sources by > 109

FELs are UNIQUE X-Ray Sources

coherence volume 1 x 5 x 50µm coherence volume 0.1 x 100 x 100µm

3rd gen. beam line XFEL source

contains 109 photons contains < 1 photon

All present experiments are based on one photon processes, FELs have 109 equivalent photons

50ps 50 – 250 fs

•Time resolution exceeds 3rd gen. synchrotron sources by a factor 103

Brightness B determines coherence degeneracy parameter: ∆ ~ B x λ3

LCLS

LCLSLCLS - The First Experiments

Femtochemistry Dan Imre, BNL

Nanoscale Dynamics in Brian Stephenson,Condensed Matter APS

Atomic Physics Phil Bucksbaum,Univ. of Michigan

Plasma and Warm Dense Richard Lee, LLNLMatter

Structural Studies on Single Janos Hajdu,Particles and Biomolecules Uppsala Univ.

X-ray Laser Physics Jerry Hastings, BNL

Report developed by international team of ~45 scientists working with accelerator and laser physics communities

t=0

t=τ

1 as

e

Aluminum plasma

10-4 10-2 1 102 10 4

classical plasma

dense plasma

high density matter

G =1

Density (g/cm -3)

G =10

G =100

Team Leaders:

LCLSFemtosecond Chemistry

• Forefront area in chemistrySo far the domain of fast laser spectroscopy with a few fs resolution

• Chemical dynamics happens in fs - ps rangeLasers probe charge dynamics

• Electron Diffraction limited to ps range

Chemistry is about Motion

H2O→OH + H

about 10 fsCH2I2→CH2I + I

about 100 fs

time depends onmass

LCLSPicosecond Chemistry by Electron DiffractionA. Zewail et al. Nature 386, 159 (1997), Science 291, 458 (2001)

Experiment:

Limitation:Number of electrons per pulse

Diffraction image of cyclohexadiene

LCLS

x-ray pulse

laser

sample

50-230fs

8ms

Pump-Probe Experiments with LCLS

LCLSComparison between Ultrafast Electron Diffraction and LCLS

Comparison between Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED) and the LCLS

1 time resolution; 2 relative crossection; 3 relative signals

The predicted signals are comparable but the LCLS time resolution is at least 50 times better.

∆t1 Flux Crosssection2

RateHz

Signal3

UED 10ps 7000 107 1000 7 1013

LCLS 200fs 2 1012 1 100 2 1014

LCLSProposed Experiments

Exp 1. Gas phase photochemistry

Exp 2. Condensed phase photochemistry

Exp 3. Dynamics in nanoparticles

LCLSMolecular Transformations

LCLS

Melting a single nanoparticle

Experiment 3. Melting single nanoparticles

LCLSFrom Molecules to Solids: Ultra-fast Phenomena

Chemistry& Biology:

H2O→OH + H

about 10 fs

time depends onmass and size

CondensedMatter: typical vibrational

period is 100 fsSpeed of sound is 100 fs / Å- coherent acoustic phonons

H

S

spin precession time10 ps for H = 1 T

Fundamental atomic and molecular reaction and dissociation processes

Fundamental motions of charge and spin on the nanoscale (atomic – 100nm size)

Note 1 eV corresponds to fluctuation time of 4 fs

LCLSNanoscale Dynamics in Condensed MatterNano (1-100nm) scale of great importance in condensed matter

Dynamics very challenging over entire 1-10-15 sec range

Momentum transfer

Rate

Time

SizeRate ~ Q2

e.g. composition changeby diffusion

Rate indep. of Q:e.g. deformationby viscous flow

• Simple Liquids – Transition from the hydrodynamic to the kinetic regime.

• Complex Liquids – Effect of the local structure on the collective dynamics.

• Polymers – Entanglement and reptative dynamics.

• Glasses – Vibrational and relaxational modes in the mesoscopic space-time region.

• Dynamic Critical Phenomena – Order fluctuations in alloys, liquid crystals, etc.

• Charge Density Waves – Direct observation of sliding dynamics.

• Quasicrystals – Nature of phason and phonon dynamics.

• Surfaces – Dynamics of adatoms, islands, and steps during growth and etching.

• Defects in Crystals – Diffusion, dislocation glide, domain dynamics.

• Ferroelectrics – Order-disorder vs. displacive nature; correlations and size effects.

LCLS

LCLS

transversely coherent X-ray pulse from LCLS

sample

X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Using Split Pulse

In picoseconds - nanoseconds range:Uses high peak brilliance

sum of speckle patternsfrom prompt and delayed pulses

recorded on CCD

I(Q,∆t)

splitter

variable delay ∆t

∆t

τ

Con

trast Analyze contrast

as f(delay time)

10 ps ⇔ 3mm

LCLSUltrafast Science: Phase Transitions

Critical magnetic fluctuations: Spin blocks?

Magnetization

Temperature

Tc

ParamagnetFerro-magnet

Tc

FluctuatingSpin-Blocks

SpeckleCoherence length larger than sample

Reconstructed Image

Speckle pattern and reconstruction of magnetic worm domains in Co/Pt multilayer film

LCLSX-Ray Transient Grating Spectroscopy

Drive system with chosen Q, observe response as f(delay time)

Time: 1 - 1000 psSpace: 1 - 100 nm

x-ray pulse

x-raybeamsplitter

delay: ps

sample

1 ps = 300 µm

α

α = 0.1-10o

Q = 0.05-5nm-1

1.5A, 230 fsS(Q,∆t)

LCLS

LCLS

X- ray absorption selects core electrons

Atomic Physics – Ionization of Atoms

Core

Valence

No field ionizationof valence electrons

Ioni

zatio

n C

ross

Sec

tion

1 as

e

LCLS

Atom or clustersource

• Detectors• Charge state spectrometer• Electron energy spectrometer• Ion recoil detector• X-ray fluorescence detector

X-raydetector

• Tunable LCLS

Chargedparticledetector

LCLS

Giant Coulomb explosions of Xe clusters

2.5% of atoms havemultiple core holesper pulse (8x107 atoms)

Formation of Hollow Atoms:

Multiphoton Ionization:

L-edge

Kr photoabsorption

hν =900eV 2hνhν

hν

K-edge

Ne Photoionization

hν =900eV

Auger rate 1000 times faster than the ionization rate Valence shell is missing - only cores left

Understanding is central to the imaging of biomolecules

109 atoms

Unfocussed beam:

Focussed beam (100nm):Note effect ~ I2

Focussed beam (100nm):

Focussed beam (100nm):All atoms havemultiple core holesper pulse (105 atoms)

All atoms experiencemultiphoton ionizationper pulse (105 atoms)

τAuger=2.5fs

hν =950eVτAuger=0.1fs

3p (M3)

Xe

LCLS

• Hot Dense Matter (HDM) occurs in:

• Supernova, stellar interiors, accretion disks

• Plasma devices: laser produced plasmas, Z-pinches

• Directly driven inertial fusion plasma

• Warm Dense Matter (WDM) occurs in:

• Cores of large planets

• Systems that start solid and end as a plasma

• X-ray driven inertial fusion implosion

Classical Plasma

Warm and Hot Dense Matter Studies

LCLS

Few theories even capable of making predictions• Interaction energy between particles is greater than thermal energy• Regime is too dense and cold for plasma theories• Regime is too warm for condensed matter theories

Experiments difficult due to rapid time evolution and spatial gradients

Laser based experiments limited by lack of plasma penetration

• Use unique properties of LCLS to overcome difficulties

WDM and HDM are emerging, largely unchartered fields

Why so difficult to calculate, produce and probe?

LCLS• Creating WDM

• Generate =10 eV solid density matter• Measure the fundamental nature of the matter via equation of state

• Probing resonances in HDM• Measure kinetics process, redistribution rates, kinetic

models

• Probing WDM and HDM• Perform, e.g., scattering from solid density matter• Measure ne, Te, <Z>, f(v), and damping rates

Highlight of Three Experiments with LCLS

LCLSLCLS Will Create Excitation Levels That Are Observable in Emission

• Schematic experiment

• Simulations

CH

Visible laser

0.1 µm

25 µ

m A

l

He-like H-like1s2

1s2l1s3l

1

23

• t = 100 ps LCLS irradiates plasma

CH

Al

LCLS tuned to 1869 eV

Observe emission withx-ray streak camera

• t = 0 laser irradiates Al dot

LCLSStructural Studies on Single Particles and Biomolecules

Proposed method: diffuse x-ray scattering from single protein moleculeNeutze, Wouts, van der Spoel, Weckert, Hajdu Nature 406, 752-757 (2000)

Implementation limited by radiation damage:

In crystals limit to damage tolerance is about 200 x-ray photons/Å2

For single protein molecules need about 1010 x-ray photons/Å2 (for 2Å resolution)

LysozymeCalculated scattering pattern from lysozyme molecule

Conventional method: x-ray diffraction from crystal

LCLSX-Ray Diffraction from a Single Molecules

Just before LCLS pulse

Just after pulse

A bright idea:

Use ultra-short, intense x-ray pulse to produce scattering pattern before molecule explodes

Long after pulse

The million dollar question: Can we produce an x-ray pulse that isshort enough?intense enough?

LCLS

RUBISCO 562,000 Da

HRV ~3,000,000 DaLYSOZYME 19,806 Da

Structure of content unknown

LCLS

Pulse duration (FWHM) 10 fs 50 fs 100 fs 230 fs

Photons/pulse (100 nm spot)(R = 15%)

5x1012 8x1011 3x1011 5x1010

Single lysozyme moleculeMW: 19,806

26 Å 30 Å >30 Å >30 Å

3x3x3 cluster of lysozymesTotal MW: 535,000

<2.0 Å 3.0 Å 6.5 Å 12 Å

Single RUBISCO moleculeMW: 562,000

2.6 Å 4.0 Å 20 Å 30 Å

Single viral capsid (TBSV)MW: ~3,000,000

<2.0 Å <2.0 Å <2.0 Å 2.4 Å

• Single virus particles look very promising• If we could orient protein molecule – we could determine its structure by averaging!

Calculated Limits of Resolution with Relectronic = 15 %

LCLS delivers 230 fs pulse with 2x1012 photons/100nm2

LCLSX-Ray Diffraction from a Single Protein Molecule

Complete 2Å structure would require multiple samples, orientations

LCLS pulses

Protein molecule gun

CCD detector

CCD detectorLCLS pulse

Protein molecules on membrane

Serial method

Parallel method

LCLSLCLS – X-ray Laser Physics

The “sixth” experiment – Produce < 230 fsec pulses of SASE radiation

LCLS will be used to explore means of producing ultra short bunches (< 50 fs). Alternative techniques will be investigated:

Stronger compression of the electron bunch• No new hardware is required

Photon bunch compression or slicing• Spread the electron and photon pulses in energy;

recombine optically or select a slice in frequency

z

∆Ε/Ε

Seeding the FEL with a slice of the photon pulse

• Select slice in frequency, then use it to seed the FEL

LCLS

X-ray optics

SASE FEL

Undulator

electron beam

electron beam dump

radiation

Standard SASE X-ray FEL:

experimental stations

output radiation

mono-chromator

SASE FEL FEL Amplifier

1st Undulator 2nd Undulator

output radiation

energy-chirped electron

beam

electron beam bypass

input radiation

frequency-chirped

radiation

Two-stage chirped pulse seeding for short pulse production:

LCLS scheme by: C. Schroeder, J. Arthur, P. Emma, S. Reiche, and C. Pellegrini

Ultrashort Pulses through Chirped Pulse Seeding

LCLSLCLS Organization Chart

LCLSMembers of the LCLS Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC)

Phil Bucksbaum University of MichiganRoger Falcone University of California, BerkeleyRick Freeman University of California, DavisAndreas Freund European Synchrotron Research Facility (ESRF)Janos Hadju Uppsala UniversityJerry Hastings National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS)Richard Lee Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)Ingolf Lindau SSRL, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC)Gerd Materlik HASYLABSimon Mochrie University of ChicagoKeith Nelson Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyFrancisco Sette European Synchrotron Research Facility (ESRF)Sunni Sinha APS, Argonne National LaboratoryBrian Stephanson APS, Argonne National LaboratoryZ.-X. Shen Stanford UniversityGopal Shenoy APS, Argonne National Laboratory, Co-ChairmanJoachim Stohr SSRL, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Chairman

LCLS Technical and Scientific Advisory Committees

Members of the LCLS Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)

Bill Colson Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), ChairmanDave Attwood Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)Jerry Hastings National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS)Pat O’Shea University of Maryland (UMD)Ross Schlueter Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)Ron Ruth Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC)

LCLSFunding Profile

Total Estimated Cost Other Project Costs TPCFiscal Year Project

Engineering &Design

Construction Research andDevelopment

Pre-operations Total

Prior 4,425 4,4252002 1,500 1,5002003 6,000 3,000 9,0002004 15,000 40,000 500 55,5002005 10,000 55,000 2,000 67,0002006 2,500 46,500 4,000 53,000

Total 33,500 141,500 9,425 6,000 190,425

175,000* 15,425 190,425* The TEC is a preliminary estimate and the projected TEC range is $165M to $225M.

LCLSProject Schedule

CD-0 Approve Mission Need June 2001

CD-1 Approve Preliminary Baseline Range January 2002

CD-2 Approve Performance Baseline Range May 2002

CD-3 Approve Start of Construction October 2003*

CD-4 Approve Start of Operations October 2006

* The CD-3 approval may be phased with initial approval for key elements in October 2003 and approval for the remaining phased over FY 2004.

LCLS

SLAC LinacSLAC Linac

Damping Ring Damping Ring ((γεγε ≈≈ 30 30 µµm)m)

1 GeV1 GeV 2020--30 GeV30 GeV

FFTB lineFFTB line

Existing bends compress to Existing bends compress to <100 fsec<100 fsec

~1 Å~1 Å

Add 12-meter chicane compressor in linac at 1/3-point (9 GeV)

Add 12Add 12--meter chicane compressor meter chicane compressor in linac at 1/3in linac at 1/3--point (9 GeV)point (9 GeV)

30 kA30 kA

80 fsec FWHM80 fsec FWHM28 GeV28 GeV

9 psec9 psec 0.4 psec0.4 psec<100 fsec<100 fsec

47 psec47 psec

Toward LCLS: Sub-Picosecond Photon Source (SPPS)

LCLSWhy SPPS before LCLS?

• Stepping stone towards LCLStogether with table top sources and ALS slicing source (Leone panel BESAC report)

• Engages international XFEL community

• Engages ultra-fast laser and x-ray communityalso creates larger scientific base for LCLS and creates local “ultrafast” expertise

• Allows R&D on accelerator physics and pump-probe synchronization

• Install compressor in ’02, start program in early ‘03

LCLSRadiation characteristics of the SPPS and other ultra-fast x-ray facilities

Facilities Peak brightness

*

Pulse length (fwhm, fsec)

Averagebrightness

*

Averageflux

(ph/s, 0.1%-bw)

Photons/pulse 0.1%-bw

Rep. rate(Hz)

SLAC SPPS 9.1×1024 80 2.2×1013 3.1×109 1.0×108 30

ALS Ultrafast Fac.(undulator)1

6×1019 100 6×1010 3×106 300 1×104

LBNL ERL2 1.0×1023 100 1×1014 2×1010 2.0×106 1×104

LCLS FEL3 1.5×1033 230 4.2×1022 2×1014 1.7×1012 120

* photons/sec/mm2/mrad2/0.1%-bandwidth

1 Schoenlein and others, “Generation of femtosecond x-ray pulses via laser-electron beam interaction”, Appl. Phys. B 71, 1-10 (2000), Table 12 A. Zholents, “On the possibility of a femtosecond x-ray pulse source vased on a recirculator linac”, CBP Tech Note-210, Nov. 14, 2000.3 LCLS Design Study Report, SLAC-R-521 (1998).

LCLS

The LCLS will be a source of unprecedented brightness and coherence, delivered in femtosecond range length pulses

It is based on technology and know-how available at the collaborating institutions and takes advantage of the availability of the existing SLAC linac

Builds on activities of DOE laboratories and universities in next generation R&D and laser physics and science

R&D activities coordinate well with efforts in Europe and plans for future XFEL facility at DESY and in Japan

Will be an extraordinary new scientific tool

Summary