toward an urban america - your history site american journey/chap20… · · 2013-10-08history...

580

Why It MattersBy 1914 as many Americans lived in cities as in rural areas Between 1860 and 1910

the urban population of the nation grew from a little over 6 million people to morethan 40 million

The Impact TodayDuring these years of urban growth many aspects of modern city life emerged Prob-

lems arose such as poverty crime and inadequate housing but benefits such asdaily newspapers libraries and public parks appeared as well

The American Journey Video The chapter 20 video ldquoEllis Island In theShadow of Lady Libertyrdquo details the hardships immigrants faced when arriving in America

1871bull Great Chicago fire

1882bull Chinese

Exclusion Act passed

1866bull Transatlantic telegraph line

successfully completed

1884bull First skyscraper built

in Chicago

CHAPTER 20 Toward an Urban America

1865 1875 1885

Grant1869ndash1877

Hayes1877ndash1881

Garfield1881

Arthur1881ndash1885

Cleveland1885ndash1889

1886bull Statue of Liberty

dedicated

Toward anUrban America

1865ndash1914

B Harrison1889ndash1893

1900bull Freudrsquos Interpretation

of Dreams published

1889bull Eiffel Tower

erected

A Johnson1865ndash1869

AJ-580

null

44773964

581

1900bull Nationrsquos population

passes 75 million

1906bull San Francisco rocked

by earthquake

1913bull Ford develops first

moving assembly line

c 1907bull Cubism arises in art

1911bull Italy seizes Libya

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 20mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

New York City East Side 1900 New arrivals crowded into Americarsquos citiesand brought with them the cultural heritage of their homelands


1895 1905 1915

McKinley1897ndash1901

T Roosevelt1901ndash1909

Taft1909ndash1913


1892bull Ellis Island

admits immigrants

12

Fold it so the leftedge lies about inch from the

right edge

Step 1 Fold a sheet of paper in half fromside to side

Step 2 Turn the paper and fold it into thirds

Step 3 Unfold and cut the top layer only alongboth folds

Step 4 Label as shown

This will makethree tabs

Sequencing Events Study Foldable Analyze andsequence key influences that led to the urbaniza-tion of the United States by making this foldable

Reading and Writing As you read the chapterwrite information about these influences underthe appropriate tabs Think about how theseinfluences followed and affected one another

The NewImmigrants

Movingto the

City

A ChangingCulture

1882Chinese ExclusionAct is passed

1886Statue of Liberty is erected

1892Ellis Island starts processing immigrants

1917Immigration Act of1917 requires literacy

Main IdeaIn the late 1800s and early 1900s thepattern of immigration was changing

Key Termsemigrate ethnic group steeragesweatshop assimilate

Reading StrategyAnalyzing Information As you studySection 1 re-create the diagrambelow and write the reasons immi-grants came to America

Read to Learnbull what opportunities and difficulties

immigrants found in the UnitedStates

bull how the arrival of new immigrantschanged American society

Section ThemeCulture and Traditions The numberof immigrants from southern and east-ern Europe increased dramatically

The New Immigrants

In the 1870s two young brothers left Italy for America ldquoWe were so long on thewater that we began to think we should never get to America We were all landedon an island and the bosses there said that Francisco and I must go back because wehad not enough money but a man named Bartolo came up and told them that hewas our uncle and would take care of us We came to Brooklyn to a wooden houseon Adams Street that was full of Italians from Naples Bartolo had a room on the thirdfloor and there were fifteen men in the room all boarding with Bartolo It was veryhot in the room but we were soon asleep for we were very tiredrdquo

A Flood of ImmigrantsBefore 1865 most immigrants to the United Statesmdashexcept for the enslaved

mdashcame from northern and western Europe The greater part of these ldquooldrdquoimmigrants were Protestant spoke English and blended easily into Americansociety After the Civil War even greater numbers of immigrants made the

Immigrantrsquos ticket

582 CHAPTER 20 Toward an Urban America

Reasons forimmigrating

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1880 1900 1920

AJ-582

null

6755311


journey to the United States The tide of new-comers reached a peak in 1907 when nearly 13million people came to America

GeographyNew Immigration

In the mid-1880s the pattern of immigrationstarted to change Large groups of ldquonewrdquo immi-grants arrived from eastern and southernEurope Greeks Russians Hungarians ItaliansTurks and Poles were among the newcomersAt the same time the number of ldquooldrdquo immi-grants started to decrease By 1907 only about 20percent of the immigrants came from northernand western Europe while 80 percent camefrom southern and eastern Europe

Many of the newcomers from eastern andsouthern Europe were Catholics or Jews Fewspoke English Because of this they did notblend into American society as easily as theldquooldrdquo immigrants had Many felt like outsidersand they clustered together in urban neighbor-hoods made up of people of the same nationality

After 1900 immigration from Mexico alsoincreased In addition many people came to theUnited States from China and Japan They toobrought unfamiliar languages and religiousbeliefs and had difficulty blending into Ameri-can society

Leaving Troubles BehindWhy did so many people leave their home-

lands for the United States in the late 1800s andearly 1900s They were ldquopushedrdquo away by diffi-cult conditions at home and ldquopulledrdquo to theUnited States by new opportunities

Many people emigrated or left their home-lands because of economic troubles In Italyand Hungary overcrowding and poverty madejobs scarce Farmers in Croatia and Serbiacould not own enough land to support theirfamilies Sweden suffered major crop failuresNew machines such as looms put many craftworkers out of work

Persecution also drove people from theirhomelands In some countries the governmentpassed laws or followed policies against certainethnic groupsmdashminorities that spoke differentlanguages or followed different customs fromthose of most people in a country Members ofthese ethnic groups often emigrated to escapediscrimination or unfair laws Many Jews fledpersecution in Russia in the 1880s and came tothe United States

Seeking OpportunityImmigrants saw the United States as a land of

jobs plentiful and affordable land and opportu-nities for a better life Although some immi-grants returned to their homelands after a fewyears most came to America to stay

Describing Who were the ldquonewrdquoimmigrantsImmigrants arrive in New York Harbor

from Hamburg Germany in 1906Where did most immigrants toAmerica come from after 1880

History

AJ-583

null

16802036

The Journey to AmericaImmigrants often had a difficult journey to

America Many had to first travel to a seaport toboard a ship Often they traveled for hundredsof miles on foot or on horseback and throughforeign countries to get to the port cities

Then came the long ocean voyage to Amer-icamdash12 days across the Atlantic or several weeksacross the Pacific Immigrants usually couldafford only the cheapest tickets and they trav-eled in steeragemdashcramped noisy quarters onthe lower decks

The Statue of LibertyMost European immigrants landed at New

York City After 1886 the magnificent sight of theStatue of Liberty greeted the immigrants as theysailed into New York Harbor The statue a giftfrom France seemed to promise hope for a betterlife in the new country On the base of the statuethe stirring words of Emma Lazarus an Ameri-can poet welcomed immigrants from Europe

ldquoGive me your tired your poorYour huddled masses yearning to breathe free The wretched refuse of your teeming shore Send these the homeless tempest-tossed to me I lift my lamp beside the golden doorrdquo

Entering AmericaBianca De Carli arrived from Italy in 1913 as a

young girl Many years later she rememberedhow she felt as her ship reached New York City

ldquoWe all trembled because of the strangenessand the confusion Some were weak fromno movement and exercise and some were sickbecause of the smells and the unfresh air Butsomehow this did not matter because we nowknew it was almost overrdquo

Before the new arrivals could actually passthrough the ldquogolden doorrdquo to America they hadto register at government reception centers Inthe East immigrants were processed at CastleGarden a former fort on Manhattan Island andafter 1892 at Ellis Island in New York HarborMost Asian immigrants arrived in America onthe West Coast and went through the processingcenter on Angel Island in San Francisco Bay

Examiners at the centers recorded the immi-grantsrsquo namesmdashsometimes shortening or sim-plifying a name they found too difficult to writeThe examiners asked the immigrants wherethey came from their occupation and whetherthey had relatives in the United States Theexaminers also gave health examinations Immi-grants with contagious illnesses could berefused permission to enter the United States

Describing How long did the oceanvoyage across the Atlantic take

The Immigrant ExperienceAfter passing through the reception centers

most immigrants entered the United StatesWhere would they go How would they liveSome had relatives or friends to stay with and tohelp them find jobs Others knew no one andwould have to strike out on their own

Finding WorkAn immigrantrsquos greatest challenge was find-

ing work Sometimes organizations in his or herhomeland recruited workers for jobs in theUnited States The organization supplied Amer-ican employers with unskilled workers whoworked unloading cargo or digging ditches

Some of Americarsquos fastest-growing indus-tries hired immigrant workers In the steelmills of Pittsburgh for example most of the


The first stop for millions of immigrants was

Ellis Island About 12 million people passed through theEllis Island immigration center between 1892 and 1954The main building was reopened in 1990 as the EllisIsland Museum of Immigration Located a short distancenorth of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor EllisIsland stands as a memorial to the traditions of freedomand opportunity in America

Ellis Island





















Ellis Island

AJ-584

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20605836


Language highlightedthe differences betweengenerations Many immi-grant parents continuedto speak their native lan-guages Their childrenspoke English at schooland with friends but theyalso spoke their nativelanguage at home On the other hand the grand-children of many immigrants spoke only English

The role of immigrant women also changed inthe United States where women generally hadmore freedom than women in European andAsian countries New lifestyles conflicted withtraditional ways and sometimes caused familyfriction (See page 971 of the Primary Sources Library for one

womanrsquos account of leaving her native country)

Building CommunitiesMost of the new immigrants were from rural

areas Because they lacked the money to buyfarmland in America however they often set-tled in industrial cities With little or no educa-tion they usually worked as unskilled laborers

Relatives who had immigrated earlierhelped new arrivals get settled and people ofthe same ethnic group naturally tended to form

Immigrant children learn American ways in the classroom

common laborers in the early 1900s were immi-grant men They might work 12 hours a dayseven days a week

Many immigrants including women andchildren worked in sweatshops in the garmentindustry These were dark crowded workshopswhere workers made clothing The work wasrepetitious and hazardous the pay low and thehours long

Pauline Newman who later became an offi-cial in the International Ladiesrsquo Garment Work-ers Union worked in a New York sweatshop asa child She recalled

ldquoWe started work at seven-thirty in the morn-ing and during the busy season we worked untilnine in the evening They didnrsquot pay you anyovertime and they didnrsquot give you anything forsupper money Sometimes theyrsquod give you a lit-tle apple pie if you had to work very laterdquo

Adjusting to AmericaIn their new homes immigrants tried to pre-

serve some aspects of their own cultures At thesame time most wanted to assimilate orbecome part of the American culture These twodesires sometimes came into conflict

HISTORY

Student Web ActivityVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 20mdashStudent Web Activitiesfor an activity on immigration

AJ-585

null

11875045


Should We Welcome or Prevent Immigration to Our Country

Immigrants struggled to find their place in American society They changed American society with customs from their cultures Many Americans resisted these changes and warned against further immigration

San Francisco Real Estate Circular September 1874

The Chinese come for a season only

and while they give their labor they do not

[spend the money they earn] in the coun-

try They do not come to settle or make

homes To compare the Chinese with

even the lowest white laborers is there-

fore absurdOur best interests are suffering of

these Asiatic slaves we are trying to

make them live decently while here and

to discourage their arrival in such numbers

as to drive white laborers out of the country

communities As a result neighbor-hoods of Jewish Italian Polish Chi-nese and other groups quicklydeveloped in New York ChicagoSan Francisco and other large cities

The immigrants sought to re-createsome of the life they had left behindThe communities they establishedrevolved around a number of tradi-tional institutions Most importantwere the houses of worshipmdashthechurches and synagoguesmdashwhereworship was conducted and holidayswere celebrated as they had been intheir homelands Priests and rabbisoften acted as community leaders

The immigrants published news-papers in their native languagesopened stores and theaters andorganized social clubs Ethnic com-munities and institutions helped theimmigrants preserve their culturalheritage

Describing What isassimilation

Nativist MovementAssimilation was also slowed by

the attitudes of many native-bornAmericans Although employers werehappy to hire immigrant workers atlow wages some American-bornworkers resented the immigrantsThese Americans feared that theimmigrants would take away theirjobs or drive down everyonersquoswages by accepting lower pay

Ethnic religious and racial differ-ences contributed to tensions betweenAmericans and the new immigrantsSome Americans argued that thenew immigrantsmdashwith their foreignlanguages unfamiliar religions anddistinctive customsmdashdid not fit intoAmerican society

Attorney Louis Marshall Speaks Out Against LimitingImmigration 1924In common with all other immigrants those whohave come from the countries sought to be tabooed[forbidden] have been industrious and law-abiding and have made valuable contributions to our industrialcommercial and social development To say that they are not assimilable argues igno-rance The facts show that they adopt Americanstandards of living and that they are perme-ated [filled] with the spirit of our institutionsIt is said that they speak foreign languagesbut in those foreign languages they aretaught to love our Government

Louis Marshall

1 What did the writer from San Fran-cisco seem to fear

2 What did Louis Marshall claimabout the immigrantsrsquo contribu-tions

3 What facts does Marshall use to support his view that the new-comers are ldquoassimilablerdquo

Learning From History

Chinese immigrants

AJ-586

null

9644304

People found it easy to blame immigrants forincreasing crime unemployment and otherproblems The nativist movement for examplehad opposed immigration since the 1830sNativism gained strength in the late 1800s Callsfor restrictions on immigration mounted

New Immigration LawsLawmakers responded quickly to the tide of

anti-immigrant feeling In 1882 Congress passedthe first law to limit immigrationmdashthe ChineseExclusion Act This law prohibited Chineseworkers from entering the United States for 10years Congress extended the law in 1892 andagain in 1902

In 1907 the federal government and Japancame to a ldquogentlemanrsquos agreementrdquo The Japan-ese agreed to limit the number of immigrants tothe United States while the Americans pledgedfair treatment for Japanese Americans already inthe United States

Other legislation affected immigrants from allnations An 1882 law made each immigrant paya tax and also barred criminals from entering thecountry In 1897 Congress passed a bill requiringimmigrants to be able to read and write in somelanguage Although President Cleveland vetoedthe bill as unfair Congress later passed theImmigration Act of 1917 which included a sim-ilar literacy requirement

Support for ImmigrantsDespite some anti-immigrant sentiment

many Americansmdashincluding Grace Abbott andJulia Clifford Lathrop who helped found theImmigrantsrsquo Protective Leaguemdashspoke out insupport of immigration These Americans rec-ognized that the United States was a nation ofimmigrants and that the newcomers made last-ing contributions to their new society

Immigrantsrsquo ContributionsThe new immigrants supplied the countryrsquos

growing industries with the workers that werenecessary for economic growth At the sametime the new immigrants and their childrenmdashlike the old immigrants before themmdashhelpedshape American life They gave the nation itsmajor religious groupsmdashProtestants Catholicsand Jews As they became part of the societyaround them they enriched that society withthe customs and cultures and the language andliterature of their homelands

The effects of immigration were most visiblein the cities with their fast-growing ethnicneighborhoods The flow of immigrants was oneof the factors that transformed Americarsquos citiesin the late 1800s and the early 1900s

Explaining What was the nativistmovement

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use each of these terms

in a sentence that will help explain itsmeaning emigrate ethnic groupsteerage sweatshop assimilate

2 Reviewing Facts Explain the differ-ence between ldquoold immigrationrdquo andldquonew immigrationrdquo

Reviewing Themes3 Culture and Traditions What were

some of the cultural differences thatimmigrants had to adjust to in theUnited States

Critical Thinking4 Drawing Conclusions Why do you

think some Americans blamed theldquonewrdquo immigrants for many of soci-etyrsquos problems

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and give threereasons why some Americans did notaccept the new immigrants

Analyzing Visuals6 Picturing History Select one of the

photographs that appear in Section 1and write a paragraph in which youdescribe the scene Include a title forthe photograph

CHAPTER 20 Toward an Urban America 587

Art Create a collage illustrating theorigins of immigrants who came to the United States after 1880Clip photographs from advertise-ments and newsmagazines tomake your collage

Anti-immigrant feelings

AJ-587

null

15349486


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s

1 Why do you think Italian Polish and Japaneseimmigrants settled where they did

2 In what regions of the world did the number ofemigrants change the most from 1890 to 1930

L E A R N I N G f r o m G E O G R A P H Y

NEW AMERICANSBETWEEN 1890 AND 1930 people viewed the UnitedStates as a land of opportunity because growing Americanindustries were searching for workers More than 20 millionimmigrants poured into the country The largest groupscame from southern central and eastern EuropeImmigrants came seeking jobs and freedom They fled from crop failures political repression and military service

LIFE IN AMERICA

Most newcomers settled near other immigrants from theirown country The largest group Italians settled primarily inthe Midwest and Northeast They were escaping from a disas-trous cholera epidemic and repeated crop failures Althoughthey had been farm workers in southern Italy they settled incities and found jobs building railroads streets and buildingsor selling produce Many of the women went to work for thegarment industry

Poles Czechs Serbs Croats and Russians came seekingmore freedom Poles tended to form close-knit communities in the industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast For many of them life centered on the Catholic Church and theysent their children to parochial schools Women tended toestablish boardinghouses or laundries The men worked in steel mills and slaughterhouses

Japanese immigrants settled in Hawaii California and thePacific Northwest They found work in agriculture forestryand fisheries Soon Japanese immigrants were growing 10 per-cent of Californiarsquos produce

The tide of immigration slowed in the early 1920s when the government imposed new restrictions Neverthelessimmigrants still continued to play an important role shapingAmerican culture

ampGEOGRAPHY HISTORY

0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers

US Immigration 1890ndash1930

Number of immigrants per region

3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE

EASTERN EUROPE and RussiaNORTHERN

EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan

Where Immigrants Settled

1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000

JapanesePolishItalian

Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43

Other 2(Canada Africa Asia

Latin America Oceania)

Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890

Other 1(Africa Latin America Oceania)

Latin America

9

Main IdeaCities in the United States expandedrapidly in the late 1800s

Key Termstenement slum suburb The GildedAge settlement house

Reading StrategyAnalyzing Information As you studySection 2 re-create the diagrambelow and list three serious problemsfacing American cities in the late1800s

Read to Learnbull how American cities grew and

changedbull what problems cities faced and

how people tried to solve them

Section ThemeScience and Technology ManyAmericans left the nationrsquos farms hoping to make their fortunes in the cities

Moving to the City

A train pulling into Chicago in 1884 carried a young passenger named Hamlin Garland For Garland who had grown up on a farm the big city was a bewilderingsight Garland later became famous for his stories about the Midwest In one novel hedescribed his feeling of dismay when he first saw Chicago ldquoThe mere thought of a mil-lion people stunned my imaginationrdquo Garland wondered ldquoHow can so many peoplefind a living in one placerdquo

Growth of CitiesAmerican cities grew rapidly after the Civil War In 1870 one American in

four lived in cities with 2500 or more people By 1910 nearly half of the Ameri-can population were city dwellers The United States was changing from a ruralto an urban nation

Immigrants played an enormous part in the growth of cities In major urbancenters such as New York Detroit and Chicago immigrants and their childrenmade up 80 percent or more of the population in 1890


Immigrantrsquos suitcaseand Bibles

1873The Gilded Ageis published

1889Jane Addams founds Hull House

1883The Brooklyn Bridge opens

1884First skyscraper constructed in Chicago

Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

591CHAPTER 20 Toward an Urban America

Native-born Americans also contributed tourban growth Americans moved in huge num-bers from farming areas to cities looking for jobs

The industrialization of America had changedwork on farms New farm machinery made itpossible to produce crops using fewer farm-workers In addition women in rural areas nolonger had to make clothing and householdgoods These items made by machine couldnow be bought in stores or from catalogs Freedfrom such chores many women left farms tolook for jobs in the cities

African Americans also migrated to cities inlarge numbers The vast majority of the coun-tryrsquos African American population lived in therural South in great poverty Many AfricanAmericans began moving to Southern cities insearch of jobs and to escape debt injustice ordiscrimination After 1914 a large number ofAfrican Americans moved to Northern citieswhich offered more jobs in industry and manu-facturing than Southern cities did Many AfricanAmericans also hoped to find less discrimina-tion and violence in the North

Transportation and ResourcesAmericarsquos expanding railroad network fed the

growth of the cities Railroads helped peoplemove to the cities and they transported the rawmaterials for industry Trains carried cattle toChicago and Kansas City making these citiesgreat meatpacking centers

Some cities flourished because of nearbyresources Pittsburgh developed rapidly as acenter for iron and steel manufacturing becauseboth iron ore and coalmdashto fuel the industryrsquoshuge furnacesmdashwere found in the area

Seaports such as New York and San Franciscodeveloped as American trade with the rest of theworld increased In addition the immigrant pop-ulation of these cities provided a large pool ofworkers who were available for low wages

Tenement LivingCities were exciting places that offered jobs

stores and entertainment But there was alsosubstandard housing and desperate povertyPeople poured into the cities faster than housingcould be built to accommodate them In the

biggest most crowded cities the poorest resi-dentsmdashincluding most immigrantsmdashlived intenements Originally a tenement was simply abuilding in which several families rented roomsBy the late 1800s however a tenement had cometo mean an apartment building in the slumsmdashpoor run-down urban neighborhoods

Tenements had many small dark rooms Oneyoung immigrant from Poland spoke of living inthe dimly lit rooms in the back of a New YorkCity tenement

ldquoWe would so like to live in the front but wecanrsquot pay the rent Why they have the sun inthere When the door is opened the light comesright in your facerdquo

Three four or more people lived in each roomUsually several families had to share a cold-watertap and a toilet Few tenement houses had hotwater or bathtubs A government inspector wroteof the ldquofilthy and rotten tenementsrdquo of theChicago slums in 1896 where children filledldquoevery nook eating and sleeping in every win-dowsill pouring in and out of every doorrdquo

Urban and Rural PopulationGrowth 1860ndash1900

Source Historical Statistics of the United States

Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban

The gap between the urban and rural populationsnarrowed in the late 1800s

Comparing About how many more people livedin urban areas in 1900 than in 1860

AJ-591

null

19059236

Middle-Class ComfortThe cities also had a growing middle class

The middle class included the families of profes-sional people such as doctors lawyers and min-isters An increasing number of managers andsalaried office clerks also became part of themiddle class

The middle class enjoyed a comfortable lifeMany families moved from cities to the suburbsresidential areas that sprang up outside of citycenters as a result of improvements in trans-portation There they lived in houses with hotwater indoor toilets andmdashby 1900mdashelectricityMiddle-class families might have one or twoservants and the leisure time to enjoy music artand literature

The Gilded AgeAt the top of the economic and social ladder

stood the very rich The wealthy lived very dif-ferent lives from most Americans They builtenormous mansions in the cities and hugeestates in the country Some homes such asthose of JP Morgan and Henry Clay Frick inNew York City are now museums

In these mansions the rich lived lives ofextreme luxury throwing enormous partiesand dinners In 1883 Alva and William KissamVanderbilt gave a party for more than 1000guests at their New York mansion The partywas estimated to have cost $75000 for food andentertainment which is equal to about $13 mil-lion today

Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner pub-lished a novel in 1873 called The Gilded Age Thenamemdashwhich refers to something covered witha thin layer of goldmdashbecame associated withAmerica of the late 1800s The Gilded Age sug-gested both the extravagant wealth of the timeand the terrible poverty that lay underneath

Describing Why was tenement living difficult

Cities in CrisisThe rapid growth of the cities produced serious

problems The terrible overcrowding in tenementdistricts created sanitation and health problemsGarbage and horse manure accumulated in city


Jacob Riis came to theUnited States from Den-mark when he was 21Riis worked as a reporterand photographer forNew York City newspa-pers for 20 years Manyof his stories and picturescalled attention to the liv-ing conditions in thepoorer sections of thecity In 1890 Riis wroteHow the Other Half Lives

By taking pictures of thetenements Riis was ableto bring the terrible con-ditions of the slums tothe attention of readersHis book helped establishhousing codes to preventthe worst abuses

When Theodore Roosevelt became thecityrsquos police commis-sioner he asked Riis to present a reform

program Through Riisrsquosefforts many playgroundsand parks were estab-lished in the city Riishelped make othersaware of the problemsmany urban Americansfaced in their daily livesIn addition he served asan example of what indi-viduals could do to lessenthese problems

AJ-592

null

13186336


streets and the sewers could not handle the flowof human waste Filth created a breeding groundfor diseases which spread rapidly through thecrowded districts

Fires were an ever-present threat About 18000buildings were destroyed and 100000 Chicagoanslost their homes in the Chicago fire of 1871 Twoyears later Boston experienced a devastating fire

Health and Crime ProblemsIn a poor Chicago neighborhood in 1900

babies often died of whooping cough diphthe-ria or measles before their first birthday A sec-tion of New York was called the ldquolung blockrdquobecause so many residents had tuberculosis

In an effort to control disease New York Citybegan to screen schoolchildren for contagiousdiseases and to provide visiting nurses to moth-ers with young children The city also estab-lished public health clinics for those who couldnot pay for medical care

The poverty in the cities inevitably led tocrime Orphaned and homeless children some-times resorted to picking pockets and otherminor crimes to survive Gangs roaming thepoor neighborhoods committed more seriouscrimes Jacob Riis reported

ldquoThe gang is an institution in New York Thepolice deny its existence while nursing thebruises received in nightly battles with it Thegang is the ripe fruit of tenement-house growthIt was born thererdquo

Seeking SolutionsThe problems of the cities did not go unno-

ticed Many dedicated people worked to improveurban life and help the poor

Religious groups aided the poor Some religious orders helped the poor in orphanagesprisons and hospitals Organizations such asthe YMCA (Young Menrsquos Christian Association)and YWCA (Young Womenrsquos Christian Associa-tion) offered recreation centers where cityyoungsters could meet and play

The poor also received assistance from estab-lishments called settlement houses The settle-ment house movement had spread to the

United States from Britain Located in poorneighborhoods settlement houses providedmedical care playgrounds nurseries andlibraries as well as classes in English musicand arts and crafts Settlement workersmdashmostly womenmdashalso tried to get better policeprotection garbage removal and public parksfor poor districts

One of the most famous settle-ment houses was ChicagorsquosHull House founded by JaneAddams in 1889 Addamsexplained

ldquoWe were ready toperform the humblestneighborhood servicesWe were asked to washthe new-born babies andto prepare the dead for bur-ial to nurse the sick and tolsquomind the childrenrsquordquo

Explaining What purpose did set-tlement houses serve

The Changing CityUrban growth led to important new develop-

ments In the late 1800s cities saw the introduc-tion of a new type of building new kinds ofpublic transportation and public parks

Building UpmdashNot OutBecause of the limited space in cities imagi-

native architects began building upward ratherthan outward In the 1860s architects started touse iron frames to strengthen the walls of build-ings Iron supportsmdashtogether with the safetyelevator that Elisha Otis invented in 1852mdashmade taller buildings possible

In 1884 William LeBaron Jenney con-structed a 10-story office building in ChicagoSupported by an iron-and-steel frame it wasthe worldrsquos first skyscraper Architect LouisSullivan gave style to the skyscraper ldquoIt mustbe every inch a proud and soaring thing rising

Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501

in sheer exultationrdquo he said Sullivan and hiscolleagues changed the face of Americarsquos citiesSoon people built even higher structures NewYorkrsquos Woolworth Building completed in1913 soared an incredible 55 storiesmdash792 feet(241 m) high People called the building theCathedral of Commerce

New DesignsSome people looked to reshape the urban

landscape A group known as the ldquoCity Beauti-fulrdquo movement believed city dwellers should beable to enjoy the beauties of nature FrederickLaw Olmsted a leader in this movementdesigned New Yorkrsquos Central Park as well asseveral parks in Boston

In 1892 and 1893 Chicago hosted a WorldrsquosFair on fairgrounds designed by Olmsted TheFair revealed that American architecture wasdynamic and original The best architects thoroughly understood European styles andadapted them for modern use The firm of

McKim Mead and White used the ItalianRenaissance style in its design for the BostonPublic Library Henry Richardson adaptedstyles from ancient Rome in his design forchurches libraries and even department stores

New Forms of TransportationAs cities grew people needed new means

of transportation Mark Twain complained in1867 that

ldquoNew York is too large You cannot accom-plish anything without devoting a whole dayto it The distances are too greatrdquo

Streetcars which horses pulled on tracks pro-vided public transportation at the time Horseswere slow however and left piles of manure In 1873 San Francisco began construction ofcable-car lines A large underground cable powered by a motor at one end of the rail linemoved passengers along In 1888 Richmond


The Woolworth building was designed and built to be the tallest building in the world

AJ-594

null

12961682

Virginia pioneered the use of the trolley car amotorized train that was powered by electricitysupplied through overhead cables By the turnof the century the trolley was everywhere In1897 Boston opened the nationrsquos first subwayor underground railway In 1904 New York Cityopened the first section of what was to becomethe largest subway system in the world

Another improvement that helped trans-portation was the paving of streets During mostof the 1800s city streets remained poorly pavedFor example although the rapid growth ofCleveland Ohio made that city an importanturban center most of its streets were nothingmore than sand and gravel Other cities usedwood blocks brick or cobblestone all of whichwere bumpy noisy and hard to repair Thegrowing use of asphaltmdasha by-product of petro-leum refiningmdashbeginning in the 1890s made citystreets smoother and quieter

Building BridgesBridge construction provided another

improvement in urban transportation ManyAmerican cities were divided or bounded byrivers Using new construction technologyarchitects and engineers designed huge steelbridges to link sections of cities The 520-foot(156-m) Eads Bridge across the MississippiRiver in St Louis opened in 1874 Ten years later

New Yorkrsquos majestic Brooklyn Bridge 1600 feet(488 m) long connected Manhattan and Brook-lyn Both bridges remain in use today

The new forms of transportation not onlyhelped people travel within the cities but theyalso helped the cities grow Middle-class sub-urbs developed along train or trolley linesstretching away from city centers People whomoved out of the city centers could easily traveldowntown to work or shop

The increase in immigration and the growthof the cities went hand in hand with otherchanges in American life Education cultureand recreation were changing too

Summarizing What new forms ofurban transportation were developed

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use the vocabulary

terms that follow to write a paragraph about life in the cities tenement slum suburb settle-ment house

2 Reviewing Facts Who founded Hull House

Reviewing Themes3 Science and Technology What

improvements in transportationhelped cities and suburbs grow

Critical Thinking4 Analyzing Information How did the

efforts of religious groups help thoseliving in poverty

5 Summarizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and describethree efforts made to improve livingconditions in the cities

Analyzing Visuals6 Graph Skills According to the graph

on page 591 what was the range ofurban population between 1890 and1900 About how many more peoplelived in rural than in urban areas in1860


Art Draw the front of a postcardthat shows a scene of an Americancity in 1900 On the reverse sidewrite a note that an immigrant mayhave sent home to relatives

Improving city life

The Empire State Building is the worldrsquos tallest building That was once true but no longer By 1931 theEmpire State Building dwarfed all other buildings in theworld at 102 stories Today the nationrsquos tallest building isthe Sears Tower in Chicago It is 1450 feet (442 m) highand has 110 stories

Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511


Reading a Line GraphWhy Learn This Skill

Graphs are a way of showing numbers visuallymaking them easier to read and understand Graphsare often used to compare changes over time or dif-ferences between places groups of people orrelated events

Learning the SkillOn a line graph numbers usually appear along the

left side of the graph or the vertical axis Time isusually shown along the bottom of the graph or thehorizontal axis A line on the graph shows whetherthe numbers go up or down over time Sometimes agraph contains more than one line to record two ormore related quantities

To read a line graph follow these stepsbull Read the title of the graphbull Read the information on the horizontal axis and

the vertical axisbull Study the points where the line intersects the grid

on the line graph This step tells you whatamount existed at a given time

bull Study the changes over time that the line on thegraph illustrates Look for increases decreasesand sudden shifts

bull Draw conclusions from the statistics presentedWhat trends or patterns appear

Practicing the SkillStudy the line graph on this page and answer thefollowing questions

1 What is the subject of this line graph

2 What information is presented on the horizontalaxis On the vertical axis

3 In about what year did immigration from north-ern and western Europe peak

4 In about what year was immigration from AsiaAfrica and South America the lowest

5 During what two decades did immigration fromsouthern and eastern Europe peak

Social StudiesSocial Studies

Immigration to theUnited States 1860ndash1920

Source US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United StatesColonial Times to 1970 Bicentennial Edition Washington DC

Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870

Northern andWestern Europe

Southern andEastern Europe

Asia AfricaSouth America

1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year

Applying the SkillMaking a Line Graph Keep track of the numberof hours you spend on homework each day for aone-week period Chart the information on a line graph

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder InteractiveWorkbook CD-ROM Level 1 providesinstruction and practice in key social studies skills

AJ-596

null

13222911

597

1862Morrill Act is passed

1879Carlisle IndianIndustrial School is founded

1881Booker T Washingtonopens the TuskegeeInstitute

1883Joesph Pulitzer purchases the New York World

Main IdeaThe states worked to expand andimprove the system of education

Key Termsland-grant college yellow journal-ism realism regionalism ragtime vaudeville

Reading StrategyClassifying Information As youstudy Section 3 re-create the diagrambelow and describe the achievementsof the persons listed

Read to Learnbull how education became more

widely availablebull how Americans spent their leisure

time

Section ThemeContinuity and Change A distinctiveAmerican culture was developing thataffected many parts of American life

A Changing Culture


Mary Antin a young girl who came to the United States from Russia in 1894 neverforgot her first day of school ldquoFather himself conducted us to school He would nothave delegated that mission to the president of the United Statesrdquo For her father Mary explained education was ldquothe essence of American opportunity the treasure nothief could touch not even misfortune or poverty The door stood open for everyone of usrdquo

Expanding EducationMost Americans in 1865 had attended school for an average of only four

years Government and business leaders and reformers believed that for thenation to progress the people needed more schooling Toward the end of the1800s the ldquotreasurerdquo of education became more widely available to Americans

By 1914 most states required children to have at least some schooling Morethan 80 percent of all children between the ages of 5 and 17 were enrolled in ele-mentary and secondary schools

A studentrsquos award

Achievements

John Dewey

George Washington Carver

Mary Cassatt

Scott JoplinPreview of Events

Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782

Public SchoolsThe expansion of public education was

particularly notable in high schools Thenumber of public high schools increased from100 in 1860 to 6000 in 1900 and increased to12000 in 1914 Despite this huge increasehowever many teenagers did not attend highschool Boys often went to work to help theirfamilies instead of attending school Themajority of high school students were girls

The benefits of a public school educationwere not shared equally by everyone In theSouth many African Americans received littleor no education In many parts of the countryAfrican American children had no choice butto attend segregated elementary and second-ary schools

Progressive EducationAround 1900 a new philosophy of educa-

tion emerged in the United States Supportersof this ldquoprogressive educationrdquo wanted toshape studentsrsquo characters and teachthem good citizenship as well as factsThey also believed children shouldlearn through the use of ldquohands-onrdquoactivities These ideas had the greatesteffect in elementary schools

John Dewey the leading spokes-person for progressive educationcriticized schools for overemphasizingmemorization of information InsteadDewey argued schools should relatelearning to the interests problems andconcerns of students

Higher EducationColleges and universities also changed and

expanded An 1862 law called the Morrill Actgave the states large amounts of federal landthat could be sold to raise money for educationThe states used these funds to start dozens ofschools called land-grant colleges Wealthyindividuals also established and supported col-leges and universities Some schools werenamed for the donorsmdashfor example CornellUniversity for Ezra Cornell and Stanford Uni-versity for Leland Stanford


Women and Higher EducationIn 1865 only a handful of American colleges

admitted women The new land-grant schoolsadmitted women students as did new womenrsquoscollegesmdashVassar Smith Wellesley and BrynMawrmdashfounded in the late 1800s By 1890women could attend a wide range of schoolsand by 1910 almost 40 percent of all Americancollege students were women

598

School DaysOn the BusStudents line up for a ride to school in Fresno Cali-fornia Few schools were lucky enough to have theirown buses in the early 1900s Not until 1939 werenational standards for school buses adopted includ-ing the color ldquoschool-bus yellowrdquo to promote visibilityand safety

AJ-598

null

14701585


One Hampton Institute student Booker TWashington became an educator In 1881 Wash-ington founded the Tuskegee Institute inAlabama to train teachers and to provide practicaleducation for African Americans As a result of hiswork as an educator and public speaker Wash-ington became influential in business and politics

In 1896 scientist George Washington Carverjoined the Tuskegee faculty His research trans-formed agricultural development in the SouthFrom the peanut which was formerly of littleuse Carver developed hundreds of productsincluding plastics synthetic rubber shavingcream and paper

Minorities and Higher EducationSome new colleges such as Hampton Insti-

tute in Virginia provided higher education forAfrican Americans and Native AmericansHoward University in Washington DCfounded shortly after the Civil War had alargely African American student body By theearly 1870s Howard offered degrees in theol-ogy medicine law and agriculture Prominentgraduates of Howard include Thurgood Mar-shall who later became a justice of the SupremeCourt writer Toni Morrison and political scien-tist Ralph Bunche the first African American towin the Nobel Peace Prize

Elementary StudentsThe classroom was the major place whereimmigrant children learned American ways

The ClassroomStudents observe an experi-ment and take notes duringscience class in 1900

WritingBy 1900 the Palmer method of penmanshipwas taught everywhere In the Palmermethod some capital letters were nolonger written separately and entire words could be completed before the pen was lifted to cross a ldquotrdquo or dot an ldquoirdquoWriting sets included ink bottles like thisone Its double covers prevented evapora-tion and protected against leakage

Crossing GuardA New York City police officer guidesstudents on their way to school in 1899By the early 1900s the police providedthis service in many communities

BookmobileLibrarians attempted to provide readingmaterial to rural communities Here atraveling library makes book deliveriesin Washington County Maryland

AJ-599

null

8144953


Schools for Native AmericansReservation schools and boarding schools

also opened to train Native Americans for jobsThe Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Penn-sylvania was founded in 1879 and similarschools opened in the West Although theseschools provided Native Americans with train-ing for jobs in industry they also isolated NativeAmericans from their tribal traditions Some-times boarding schools were located hundredsof miles away from a studentrsquos family

Comparing What did the collegesBryn Mawr Vassar and Smith have in common

A Nation of ReadersAs opportunities for education grew a grow-

ing number of Americans became interested inreading Public libraries opened across thenation and new magazines and newspaperswere created for the reading public

Public LibrariesIn 1881 Andrew Carnegie the wealthy steel

industrialist made an extraordinary announce-ment He pledged to build a public library inany city that would agree to pay its operatingcosts In the next 30 years Carnegie donatedmore than $30 million to found more than 2000libraries throughout the world With gifts fromCarnegie and others and the efforts of state andlocal governments every state in the Unionestablished free public libraries

Spreading the NewsTechnological advances in printing paper

making and communications made it possibleto publish a daily paper for a large number ofreaders The growing cities provided readers forthe newspapers

In 1883 Joseph Pulitzer purchased the NewYork World and created a new kind of newspaperThe paper grabbed the readerrsquos attention withillustrations cartoons and sensational storieswith huge scary headlinesmdashsuch as ldquoANOTHERMURDERER TO HANGrdquo Under Pulitzerrsquos man-agement the World built up its circulation to morethan one million readers every day

Other newspapers soon imitated Pulitzerrsquosstyle William Randolph Hearstrsquos New YorkMorning Journal became even more successfulthan the World attracting readers by exaggeratingthe dramatic or gruesome aspects of stories Thisstyle of sensational writing became known as yel-low journalismmdasha name that came from thepaperrsquos popular comic strip ldquoThe Yellow Kidrdquo

Ethnic and minority newspapers thrived aswell By 1900 there were six daily Jewish-language newspapers operating in New YorkCity African Americans started more than 1000newspapers between 1865 and 1900

More magazines took advantage of printingimprovements and mass circulation techniques to reach a national market Between 1865 and1900 the number of magazines in the UnitedStates rose from about 700 to 5000 Some mag-azines of that eramdashthe Atlantic MonthlyHarperrsquos Magazine and Ladiesrsquo Home Journalmdashare still published today

Changes in LiteratureMany writers of the era explored new themes

and subjects Their approach to literature wascalled realism because they sought to describethe lives of people Related to realism wasregionalism writing that focused on a particu-lar region of the country

Mark Twain was a realist and a regionalistMany of his books including Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn and The Adventures of TomSawyer are set along the Mississippi Riverwhere Twain grew up

600

These two photographs of ayoung Navajo Tom Torlinoshow how his appearance changeda short time after he entered the Carlisle Indian School

AJ-600

null

2137391

Stephen Crane wrote about city slums inMaggie and about the Civil War in The Red Badgeof Courage In books such as The Call of the Wildand The Sea Wolf Jack London portrayed thelives of miners and hunters in the far NorthwestEdith Wharton described the joys and sorrowsof the upper-class Easterners in The House ofMirth and The Age of Innocence

Paul Laurence Dunbar the son of formerslaves wrote poetry and novels that used thedialects and folktales of Southern AfricanAmericans Dunbar was one of the first AfricanAmerican writers to gain fame worldwide

Paperback books appeared for the first time inthe late 1800s and these inexpensive bookshelped expand the reading public Many paper-backs featured lively adventure tales or storiesof athletic boys and girls

Horatio Alger wrote a successful series ofyoung adult books with such titles as Work andWin and Luck and Pluck Based on the idea thathard work and honesty brought success Algerrsquosbooks sold millions of copies

Explaining What is regionalism

Art Music and LeisureFor most of the 1800s the work of American

artists and musicians reflected a European influ-ence After the Civil War Americans began todevelop a distinctively American style

American ArtistsSome American painters pursued realist

themes Thomas Eakins painted the humananatomy and surgical operations One ofEakinsrsquos students Henry Tanner depicted warmfamily scenes of African Americans in the SouthFrederic Remington portrayed the AmericanWest focusing on subjects such as cowhands andNative Americans Winslow Homer paintedSouthern farmers Adirondack campers andstormy sea scenes James Whistlerrsquos Arrange-ment in Grey and Black commonly known asldquoWhistlerrsquos Motherrdquo is one of the best-knownAmerican paintings Mary Cassatt was influen-tial in the French Impressionist school of


painting Impressionists tried to capture the playof light color and patterns as they made imme-diate impressions on the senses

Music in AmericaMore distinctively American kinds of music

were also becoming popular Bandleader JohnPhilip Sousa composed many rousing marchesincluding ldquoThe Stars and Stripes ForeverrdquoAfrican American musicians in New Orleans inthe late 1800s developed an entirely new kind ofmusicmdashjazz Jazz combined elements of worksongs gospel music spirituals and Africanrhythms Related to jazz was ragtime music Forabout 20 years beginning around the turn of thecentury ragtimemdashwith its complex rhythmsmdashwas the dominant force in popular music Oneof the best-known ragtime composers is ScottJoplin He wrote ldquoMaple Leaf Ragrdquo and manyother well-known works

The symphony orchestras of New York Bostonand Philadelphiamdashall founded before 1900mdashwere among the worldrsquos finest Great singers andconductors came from all over the world to per-form at New Yorkrsquos Metropolitan Opera House

Leisure TimeAlthough sweatshop workers labored long

hours for six or even seven days a week middle-class people and even some factory workersenjoyed increasing amounts of leisure time

Girls with Lobster by Winslow Homer Homer paintedscenes of people enjoying the New Jersey and NewEngland seashores What themes did many Ameri-can painters represent in their works

History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


in a complete sentence that will helpexplain its meaning land-grant col-lege yellow journalism realismregionalism ragtime vaudeville

2 Reviewing Facts Summarize thenew philosophy of education thatemerged around 1900

Reviewing Themes3 Continuity and Change What

sparked an increase in the number ofnewspapers magazines and booksin the late 1800s

Critical Thinking4 Determining Cause and Effect

Explain the connection betweenleisure time and the development of the arts

5 Analyzing Information Re-createthe diagram below and describe thework of each of these writers

Analyzing Visuals6 Picturing History Look at the pic-

tures of classrooms that appear inthe section In what ways are theysimilar to and in what ways are theydifferent from classrooms today

Unlike round-the-clock farmwork professionaland industrial jobs gave people hours and evendays of free time Americans developed newforms of recreation

A favorite leisure-time activity for manypeople was watching and following sportsBaseball became the most popular spectatorsport in America By the turn of the centuryboth the National and American Leagues hadbeen foundedmdasheach made up of teams frommajor cities Their games drew large crowds ofenthusiastic fans and in 1903 the first WorldSeries was held

Another popular spectator sport was footballwhich developed from the English game ofrugby By the 1890s college games were drawinghuge crowds

Basketball invented by Dr James Naismith ofSpringfield Massachusetts also became popu-lar Naismith developed the game in the 1890s asan indoor winter sport for the boys in his YMCAphysical education classes Considered the onlymajor sport that is completely American in ori-gin basketball soon spread to other countries

Americans not only watched but also partici-pated in sports Tennis and golf were enjoyed bythe wealthy usually in exclusive private clubsBicycling grew in popularity after the ldquosafetyrdquobicycle was developed Older bicycles had

metal-rimmed wheelsmdasha large one in front anda small one in backmdashwhile the new ones hadtwo air-filled rubber tires of the same size

These improvements helped bicycle ridingtake the country by storm One romantic songcelebrated the bicycle

ldquoIt wonrsquot be a stylish marriageI canrsquot afford a carriageBut yoursquoll look sweet on the seat of a

bicycle built for twordquoLarge cities had many theaters Plays per-

formed ranged from serious dramas by Shake-speare to vaudeville shows which were varietyshows with dancing singing comedy andmagic acts Many people could afford the priceof a ticket and in the early 1900s vaudevilleoffered the most popular shows in town Thecircus also attracted large crowds In 1910 theUnited States had about 80 traveling circuses

Thomas Edison invented ldquomoving picturesrdquoin the 1880s The ldquomoviesrdquo soon became enor-mously popular Some theaters called nick-elodeons charged five cents to see short filmsThe nickelodeons were the beginning of todayrsquosfilm industry

Describing What elements madeup jazz music


Art Create your own moving pic-tures by making a series of draw-ings (that build on one another) on2-inch by 4-inch slips of paper Sta-ple the slips of paper together onone side then flip through themslowly to view your motion picture

Writer Description of work

Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see

When I was a boy therewas but one permanentambition among my

comrades in our village on the westbank of the Mississippi River Thatwas to be a steamboatman

Once a day a cheap gaudypacket arrived upward from StLouis and another downward fromKeokuk Before these events theday was glorious with expectancyafter them the day was a dead andempty thing Not only the boys butthe whole village felt this After allthese years I can picture that oldtime to myself now just as it wasthen the white town drowsing inthe sunshine of a summerrsquos morn-ing the streets empty the mag-nificent Mississippi rolling itsmile-wide tide along shining in thesun Presently a film of darksmoke appears instantly a drayman famous for his quick eyeand prodigious voice lifts up thecry ldquoS-t-e-a-m-boat a-cominrsquordquo andthe scene changes [A]ll in atwinkling the dead town is aliveand moving Drays carts menboys all go hurrying from manyquarters to a common center thewharf Assembled there the peoplefasten their eyes upon the comingboat as upon a wonder they are see-ing for the first time And the boat israther a handsome sight too [T]he captain stands by the big bell

calm imposing the envy of allgreat volumes of the blackestsmoke are rolling and tumbling outof the chimneys the captain liftshis hand a bell rings the wheelsstop then they turn back churningthe water to foam and the steameris at rest Then such a scramble asthere is to get aboard and to getashore and to take in freight and todischarge freight all at one and thesame time Tenminutes later thesteamer is underway again withno flag on thejack-staff and no black smokeissuing fromthe chimneysAfter ten moreminutes thetown is deadagain

Life on the MississippiMark Twain (1835ndash1910)Mark Twainwho was bornSamuel Lang-horne Clemensin 1835 spenthis early life inHannibal Mis-

souri There he became aprinter and later a riverboatpilot So much did he love lifeon the Mississippi River that helater chose a pen name thatwould link him with the riverforever ldquoMark twainrdquo was ariver call meaning ldquotwo fath-omsrdquo or that the water wasdeep enough for safe passage

READ TO DISCOVERMark Twainrsquos boyhood dreamsand memories are the sourcesof Life on the Mississippi Asyou read this excerpt thinkabout the importance of theriverboatrsquos arrival to the townand to young Twain

READERrsquoS DICTIONARYpacket boat that carries mail

passengers and freight atfixed times over a fixed route

Keokuk town at the south-eastern tip of Iowa

drayman driver of a draymdashalow sturdy cart with remov-able sides

603

ANALYZING LITERATURE1 Recall and Interpret What

major event takes place once a day

2 Evaluate and Connect Why is the event so important

Interdisciplinary ActivityArt Read again Twainrsquos descriptionsThen draw a picture of one of thesescenes Be sure to add details thatreflect Twainrsquos words

AJ-603

null

19027885

604

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper define the following terms1 ethnic group 4 yellow journalism2 tenement 5 ragtime3 settlement house 6 assimilate

Reviewing Key Facts7 What did nativist groups try to do8 What was the purpose of the Morrill Act9 What project did Andrew Carnegie fund

Critical Thinking10 Analyzing Information What new styles of writing

did American authors adopt during this period11 Drawing Conclusions Re-create the diagram below

and describe three ways newcomers to America triedto preserve their culture

Practicing SkillsReading a Line Graph Study the line graph below andanswer the questions that follow12 What was the average number of school days in 192013 What trend is shown in this line graph

Toward an Urban America

Cities grow as immigrants and people from rural areas move

to them

An Urban America was replacing a

rural one

Transportation improvements allowed

families to live in suburbs

Cities grewupward as spacebecame limited

Problems in cities included overcrowding

crime and public health dangers

UrbanAmerica

Preserving cultural heritage

Length of School Year 1880ndash1920

Source Department of Education

Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year

Limited housing in crowded cities meant many lived

in tenements

Self-Check QuizVisit tajglencoecom and click on Chapter 20mdashSelf-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY


Read the passage about American life and choosethe best answer to the question that follows

ldquoBetween 1860 and 1900 American urban areasgrew twice as fast as the total population Chicagowhich in the 1830s had been a frontier town with afew hundred residents became a vast metropolisNew York became the second-largest city in theworld During the same span of years the popula-tions of Boston Baltimore and Philadelphia alsogrew rapidlyrdquo

The main idea of the passage is best expressed by

A New York City grew rapidly B Only cities in the northeastern United States

grew rapidlyC Population of urban America grew at a very fast

rate during this eraD Rural growth continued but not as quickly as

urban growth

Test-Taking Tip

Make sure that your answer is supported by informationin the quotation Do not rely only on your memory

Keep in mind that a metropolis is a ldquolarge cityrdquo

Standardized Test Practice

Geography and History ActivityStudy this map and answer the questions below

14 Location Which cities had more than 500000 people15 Place About how many people lived in Louisville16 Location What do the cities with more than 500000

people have in common

Citizenship Cooperative Activity17 Citizenship Test Immigrants who want to become

United States citizens today must pass a written test toqualify Many of the questions on the test deal withUnited States history and customs Work with membersof your group to design a 15-question test that you thinkprospective citizens should be required to pass

Economics Activity18 Research for information and then summarize your find-

ings in a short report that answers these questions Whatfield or career area interests you What education andskills are required to enter it What attitudes work habitsand other qualities does it take to succeed on the job

Alternative Assessment19 Portfolio Writing Activity Choose one problem of

the early 1900s and describe what you would do to help correct it

N

S

EW

500 kilometers0Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection

500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton

Washington DCBaltimore

PhiladelphiaJersey CityNew York City

Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis

100000ndash500000 peopleMore than 500000 people

Largest Eastern Cities in Population 1900

The American JourneymdashIllinois Edition

Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science

How Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the Standards

How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge of Social Science

The Illinois Constitution A Summary

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

How Do I Study History

The Structure of Illinois Government

Constitution Test Practice

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building Vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States Territorial Growth

North America Physical

North America Political

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography

How Do I Study Geography

How Do I Use Maps

How Does Geography Influence History

Geographic Dictionary

Be an Active Reader

Unit 1 Different Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1625

Chapter 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492

Section 1 Early Peoples

Section 2 Cities and Empires

Section 3 North American Peoples

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400ndash1625

Section 1 A Changing World

Section 2 Early Exploration

Section 3 Spain in America

Section 4 Exploring North America


Unit 2 Colonial Settlement 1587ndash1770

Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587ndash1770

Section 1 Early English Settlements

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies


Chapter 4 The Colonies Grow 1607ndash1770

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Section 2 Government Religion and Culture

Section 3 France and Britain Clash

Section 4 The French and Indian War


Unit 3 Creating a Nation 1763ndash1791

Chapter 5 Road to Independence 1763ndash1776

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

Section 3 A Call to Arms

Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence


Chapter 6 The American Revolution 1776ndash1783

Section 1 The Early Years

Section 2 The War Continues

Section 3 The War Moves West and South

Section 4 The War Is Won


Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union 1777ndash1790

Section 1 The Articles of Confederation

Section 2 Convention and Compromise

Section 3 A New Plan of Government


Civics in Action A Citizenship Handbook

Section 1 The Constitution

Section 2 The Federal Government

Section 3 Citizens Rights and Responsibilities

Handbook Assessment

The Constitution of the United States

Unit 4 The New Republic 1789ndash1825

Chapter 8 A New Nation 1789ndash1800

Section 1 The First President

Section 2 Early Challenges

Section 3 The First Political Parties


Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era 1800ndash1816

Section 1 The Republicans Take Power

Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3 A Time of Conflict

Section 4 The War of 1812


Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion 1790ndash1825

Section 1 Economic Growth

Section 2 Westward Bound

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism


Unit 5 The Growing Nation 1820ndash1860

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era 1824ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

Section 3 Jackson and the Bank


Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny 1818ndash1853

Section 1 The Oregon Country

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 War with Mexico

Section 4 New Settlers in California and Utah


Chapter 13 North and South 1820ndash1860

Section 1 The Norths Economy

Section 2 The Norths People

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

Section 4 The Souths People


Chapter 14 The Age of Reform 1820ndash1860

Section 1 Social Reform

Section 2 The Abolitionists

Section 3 The Womens Movement


Unit 6 Civil War and Reconstruction 1846ndash1896

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War 1820ndash1861

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Section 2 A Nation Dividing

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery

Section 4 Secession and War


Chapter 16 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Two Sides

Section 2 Early Years of the War

Section 3 A Call for Freedom

Section 4 Life During the Civil War

Section 5 The Way to Victory


Chapter 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Radicals in Control

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 4 Change in the South


Unit 7 Reshaping the Nation 1858ndash1914

Chapter 18 The Western Frontier 1858ndash1896

Section 1 The Mining Booms

Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers

Section 3 Native American Struggles

Section 4 Farmers in Protest


Chapter 19 The Growth of Industry 1865ndash1914

Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way

Section 2 Inventions

Section 3 An Age of Big Business

Section 4 Industrial Workers


Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865ndash1914

Section 1 The New Immigrants

Section 2 Moving to the City

Section 3 A Changing Culture


Unit 8 Reform Expansion and War 1865ndash1920

Chapter 21 Progressive Reforms 1877ndash1920

Section 1 The Progressive Movement

Section 2 Women and Progressives

Section 3 Progressive Presidents

Section 4 Excluded from Reform


Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion 1865ndash1917

Section 1 Expanding Horizons

Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific

Section 3 Spanish-American War

Section 4 Latin American Policies


Chapter 23 World War I 1914ndash1919

Section 1 War in Europe

Section 2 Americas Road to War

Section 3 Americans Join the Allies

Section 4 The War at Home

Section 5 Searching for Peace


Unit 9 Turbulent Decades 1919ndash1945

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age 1919ndash1929

Section 1 Time of Turmoil

Section 2 Desire for Normalcy

Section 3 A Booming Economy

Section 4 The Roaring Twenties


Chapter 25 The Depression and FDR 1929ndash1941

Section 1 The Great Depression

Section 2 Roosevelts New Deal

Section 3 Life During the Depression

Section 4 Effects of the New Deal


Chapter 26 World War II 1939ndash1945

Section 1 Road to War

Section 2 War Begins

Section 3 On the Home Front

Section 4 War in Europe and Africa

Section 5 War in the Pacific


Unit 10 Turning Points 1945ndash1975

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era 1945ndash1954

Section 1 Cold War Origins

Section 2 Postwar Politics

Section 3 The Korean War

Section 4 The Red Scare


Chapter 28 America in the 1950s 1953ndash1960

Section 1 Eisenhower in the White House

Section 2 1950s Prosperity

Section 3 Problems in a Time of Plenty


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Era 1954ndash1973

Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement

Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson

Section 3 The Struggle Continues

Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights


Chapter 30 The Vietnam Era 1960ndash1975

Section 1 Kennedys Foreign Policy

Section 2 War in Vietnam

Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home

Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam


Unit 11 Modern America 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 31 Search for Stability 1968ndash1981

Section 1 Nixons Foreign Policy

Section 2 Nixon and Watergate

Section 3 The Carter Presidency


Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981ndashPresent

Section 1 The Reagan Presidency

Section 2 The Bush Presidency

Section 3 A New Century

Section 4 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One

Primary Sources Library

Presidents of the United States

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgements and Photo Credits

Feature Contents


Documents of Americas Heritage

More Abouthellip

What Life Was Likehellip

National Geographic Geography amp History

Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints

Technology and History

Linking Past amp Present

What Ifhellip

Hands-On History Lab Activity

TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History

Fact Fiction Folklore

Primary Source Quotes

Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Activity Workbook - Student Edition

Local history activities

Activity 1 The First Americans

Activity 2 Exploring the Americas

Activity 3 Colonial America

Activity 4 The Colonies Grow

Activity 5 Road to Independence

Activity 6 The American Revolution

Activity 7 A More Perfect Union

Activity 8 A New Nation

Activity 9 The Jefferson Era

Activity 10 Growth and Expansion

Activity 11 The Jackson Era

Activity 12 Manifest Destiny

Activity 13 North and South

Activity 14 The Age of Reform

Activity 15 Road to Civil War

Activity 16 The Civil War

Activity 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

Activity 18 The Western Frontier

Activity 19 The Growth of Industry

Activity 20 Toward an Urban America

Activity 21 Progressive Reforms

Activity 22 Overseas Expansion

Activity 23 World War I

Activity 24 The Jazz Age

Activity 25 The Depression and FDR

Activity 26 World War II

Activity 27 The Cold War Era

Activity 28 America in the 1950s

Activity 29 The Civil Rights Era

Activity 30 The Vietnam Era

Activity 31 Search for Stability

Activity 32 New Challenges

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 Los primeros habitantes de las Ameacutericas Prehistoria a 1492

Guiacutea de estudio 1-1 Los primeros pueblos

Guiacutea de estudio 1-2 Ciudades e imperios

Guiacutea de estudio 1-3 Pueblos norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 2 La exploracioacuten de las Ameacutericas 1400ndash1625

Guiacutea de estudio 2-1 Un mundo cambiante

Guiacutea de estudio 2-2 Primeras exploraciones

Guiacutea de estudio 2-3 Espantildea en Ameacuterica

Guiacutea de estudio 2-4 Exploracioacuten de Norteameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 3 La Ameacuterica colonial 1587ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 3-1 Primeros asentamientos ingleses

Guiacutea de estudio 3-2 Colonias de Nueva Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 3-3 Colonias del Centro

Guiacutea de estudio 3-4 Colonias del Sur

Capiacutetulo 4 El desarollo de las colonias 1607ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 4-1 La vida en las colonias

Guiacutea de estudio 4-2 Gobierno religioacuten y cultura

Guiacutea de estudio 4-3 Choque entre Francia e Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 4-4 La guerra francesa e india

Capiacutetulo 5 El camino de la Independencia 1763ndash1776

Guiacutea de estudio 5-1 Impuestos sin representacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 5-2 Formacioacuten de la unidad colonial

Guiacutea de estudio 5-3 Un llamado a las armas

Guiacutea de estudio 5-4 Avanzar hacia la independencia

Capiacutetulo 6 La Guerra de Independencia 1776ndash1783

Guiacutea de estudio 6-1 Los primeros antildeos

Guiacutea de estudio 6-2 La guerra continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 6-3 La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el Sur

Guiacutea de estudio 6-4 La guerra se gana

Capiacutetulo 7 Una unioacuten maacutes perfecta 1777ndash1790

Guiacutea de estudio 7-1 Los artiacuteculos de la Confederacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 7-2 Convencioacuten y compromiso

Guiacutea de estudio 7-3 Un nuevo plan de gobierno

Capiacutetulo 8 Una nueva Nacioacuten 1879ndash1800

Guiacutea de estudio 8-1 El primer presidente

Guiacutea de estudio 8-2 Primeros retos

Guiacutea de estudio 8-3 Los primeros partidos poliacuteticos

Capiacutetulo 9 La era de Jefferson 1800ndash1816

Guiacutea de estudio 9-1 Los republicanos toman el poder

Guiacutea de estudio 9-2 La compra de Louisiana

Guiacutea de estudio 9-3 Una eacutepoca de conflicto

Guiacutea de estudio 9-4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 10 Crecimiento y expansioacuten 1790ndash1825

Guiacutea de estudio 10-1 Crecimiento econoacutemico

Guiacutea de estudio 10-2 Rumbo al Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 10-3 Unidad y seccionalismo

Capiacutetulo 11 La era Jackson 1824ndash1845

Guiacutea de estudio 11-1 Democracia jacksoniana

Guiacutea de estudio 11-2 Conflictos por la tierra

Guiacutea de estudio 11-3 Jackson y el banco

Capiacutetulo 12 Destino manifiesto 1818ndash1853

Guiacutea de estudio 12-1 El paiacutes de Oregoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 12-2 Independencia para Texas

Guiacutea de estudio 12-3 Guerra con Meacutexico

Guiacutea de estudio 12-4 Nuevos colonos en California y Utah

Capiacutetulo 13 El Norte y el Sur 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 13-1 La economiacutea del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-2 La gente del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-3 El reino surentildeo del algodoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 13-4 La gente del Sur

Capiacutetulo 14 La era de la reforma 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 14-1 Reforma social

Guiacutea de estudio 14-2 Los abolicionistas

Guiacutea de estudio 14-3 El movimiento femenino

Capiacutetulo 15 Caminono a la Guerra Civil 1820ndash1861

Guiacutea de estudio 15-1 La esclavitud y el Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 15-2 Una nacioacuten dividida

Guiacutea de estudio 15-3 Retos para la esclavitud

Guiacutea de estudio 15-4 Secesioacuten y guerra


Guiacutea de estudio 16-1 Los dos bandos

Guiacutea de estudio 16-2 Los primeros antildeos de la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 16-3 Un llamado a la libertad

Guiacutea de estudio 16-4 La vida durante la guerra civil

Guiacutea de estudio 16-5 El camino a la victoria

Capiacutetulo 17 La reconstruccioacuten y sus consecuencias 1865ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 17-1 Planes de reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-2 Los radicales toman el control

Guiacutea de estudio 17-3 El Sur durante la reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-4 Cambio en el Sur

Capiacutetulo 18 La frontera occidental 1858ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 18-1 El auge de la mineriacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 18-2 Rancheros y agricultores

Guiacutea de estudio 18-3 Luchas de los nativos americanos

Guiacutea de estudio 18-4 Protesta de los agricultores

Capiacutetulo 19 El crecimiento de la industria 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 19-1 Los ferrocarriles ensentildean el camino

Guiacutea de estudio 19-2 Inventos

Guiacutea de estudio 19-3 Una era de grandes negocios

Guiacutea de estudio 19-4 Trabajadores industriales

Capiacutetulo 20 Hacia una Ameacuterica urbana 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 20-1 Los nuevos inmigrantes

Guiacutea de estudio 20-2 Mudarse a la ciudad

Guiacutea de estudio 20-3 Una cultura cambiante

Capiacutetulo 21 Reformas progresistas 1877ndash1920

Guiacutea de estudio 21-1 El movimiento progresista

Guiacutea de estudio 21-2 Las mujeres y los progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-3 Los presidentes progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-4 Los excluidos de la reforma

Capiacutetulo 22 Expansioacuten extranjera 1865ndash1917

Guiacutea de estudio 22-1 Expansioacuten de horizontes

Guiacutea de estudio 22-2 Imperialismo en el Paciacutefico

Guiacutea de estudio 22-3 Guerra hispana-estadounidense

Guiacutea de estudio 22-4 Poliacuteticas latinoamericanas

Capiacutetulo 23 La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914ndash1919

Guiacutea de estudio 23-1 Guerra en Europa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-2 El camino de Estados Unidos hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 23-3 Los estadounidenses se unen a los aliados

Guiacutea de estudio 23-4 La guerra en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-5 En busca de la paz

Capiacutetulo 24 La eacutepoca del jazz 1919ndash1929

Guiacutea de estudio 24-1 Tiempo de caos

Guiacutea de estudio 24-2 Deseo de normalidad

Guiacutea de estudio 24-3 Un auge de la economiacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 24-4 Los clamorosos antildeos veinte

Capiacutetulo 25 La Depresioacuten y FDR 1929ndash1941

Guiacutea de estudio 25-1 La Gran Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-2 El Nuevo Trato de Roosevelt

Guiacutea de estudio 25-3 La vida durante la Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-4 Efectos del Nuevo Trato

Capiacutetulo 26 La Segunda Guerra Mundial 1939ndash1945

Guiacutea de estudio 26-1 El camino hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 26-2 La guerra empieza

Guiacutea de estudio 26-3 En el frente nacional

Guiacutea de estudio 26-4 Guerra en Europa y Aacutefrica

Guiacutea de estudio 26-5 Guerra en el Paciacutefico

Capiacutetulo 27 La Guerra Friacutea 1945ndash1954

Guiacutea de estudio 27-1 Oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-2 Poliacutetica de posguerra

Guiacutea de estudio 27-3 La Guerra de Corea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-4 La amenaza roja

Capiacutetulo 28 Estados Unidos en la deacutecada de 1950 1953ndash1960

Guiacutea de estudio 28-1 Eisenhower en la Casa Blanca

Guiacutea de estudio 28-2 Prosperidad en los antildeos cincuenta

Guiacutea de estudio 28-3 Problemas en tiempos de abundancia

Capiacutetulo 29 La era de los derechos civiles 1954ndash1973

Guiacutea de estudio 29-1 El movimiento de los derechos civiles

Guiacutea de estudio 29-2 Kennedy y Johnson

Guiacutea de estudio 29-3 La lucha continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 29-4 Otros grupos buscan derechos

Capiacutetulo 30 La era de Vietnam 1960ndash1975

Guiacutea de estudio 30-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Kennedy

Guiacutea de estudio 30-2 Guerra en Vietnam

Guiacutea de estudio 30-3 Los antildeos de Vietnam en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 30-4 Nixon y Vietnam

Capiacutetulo 31 En busca de estabilidad 1968ndash1981

UnGuiacutea de estudio 31-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Nixontitled

Guiacutea de estudio 31-2 Nixon y Watergate

Guiacutea de estudio 31-3 La presidencia de Carter

Capiacutetulo 32 Nuevos retos 1981ndashPresente

Guiacutea de estudio 32-1 La presidencia de Reagan

Guiacutea de estudio 32-2 La presidencia de Bush

Guiacutea de estudio 32-3 Un nuevo siglo

Guiacutea de estudio 32-4 La guerra contra el terrorismo

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 3 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 4 Using the Scale of Distance on a Map

Activity 5 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 6 Descriptive Writing About a Visual

Activity 7 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 8 Making Inferences

Activity 9 Drawing Conclusions

Activity 10 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 11 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 12 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 13 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 14 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 15 Detecting Bias

Activity 16 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 17 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 18 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 19 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 20 Analyzing Statistics

Activity 21 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 22 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 23 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 24 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 25 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence

Activity 26 Making Decisions

Activity 27 Writing a News Story

Activity 28 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 29 Making Generalizations

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem

Activity 32 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document

Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601

Page Navigator

Exit

581

1900bull Nationrsquos population

passes 75 million

1906bull San Francisco rocked

by earthquake

1913bull Ford develops first

moving assembly line

c 1907bull Cubism arises in art

1911bull Italy seizes Libya

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 20mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

New York City East Side 1900 New arrivals crowded into Americarsquos citiesand brought with them the cultural heritage of their homelands


1895 1905 1915

McKinley1897ndash1901

T Roosevelt1901ndash1909

Taft1909ndash1913


1892bull Ellis Island

admits immigrants

12

Fold it so the leftedge lies about inch from the

right edge

Step 1 Fold a sheet of paper in half fromside to side

Step 2 Turn the paper and fold it into thirds

Step 3 Unfold and cut the top layer only alongboth folds

Step 4 Label as shown

This will makethree tabs

Sequencing Events Study Foldable Analyze andsequence key influences that led to the urbaniza-tion of the United States by making this foldable

Reading and Writing As you read the chapterwrite information about these influences underthe appropriate tabs Think about how theseinfluences followed and affected one another

The NewImmigrants

Movingto the

City

A ChangingCulture












The New Immigrants







Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1880 1900 1920

AJ-582

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6755311















History

AJ-583

null

16802036





















Ellis Island





















Ellis Island

AJ-584

null

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HISTORY


AJ-585

null

11875045
























Louis Marshall





Chinese immigrants

AJ-586

null

9644304

























AJ-587

null

15349486


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s





LIFE IN AMERICA






0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers



3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

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Improving city life


Skyscrapers

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null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

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see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit












The New Immigrants







Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1880 1900 1920

AJ-582

null

6755311















History

AJ-583

null

16802036





















Ellis Island





















Ellis Island

AJ-584

null

20605836















HISTORY


AJ-585

null

11875045
























Louis Marshall





Chinese immigrants

AJ-586

null

9644304

























AJ-587

null

15349486


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s





LIFE IN AMERICA






0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers



3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit















History

AJ-583

null

16802036





















Ellis Island





















Ellis Island

AJ-584

null

20605836















HISTORY


AJ-585

null

11875045
























Louis Marshall





Chinese immigrants

AJ-586

null

9644304

























AJ-587

null

15349486


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s





LIFE IN AMERICA






0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers



3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit





















Ellis Island





















Ellis Island

AJ-584

null

20605836















HISTORY


AJ-585

null

11875045
























Louis Marshall





Chinese immigrants

AJ-586

null

9644304

























AJ-587

null

15349486


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s





LIFE IN AMERICA






0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers



3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit















HISTORY


AJ-585

null

11875045
























Louis Marshall





Chinese immigrants

AJ-586

null

9644304

























AJ-587

null

15349486


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s





LIFE IN AMERICA






0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers



3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit
























Louis Marshall





Chinese immigrants

AJ-586

null

9644304

























AJ-587

null

15349486


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s





LIFE IN AMERICA






0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers



3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

























AJ-587

null

15349486


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s





LIFE IN AMERICA






0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers



3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


1849000

1215000

L A T I N

A M E R I C A

C a n a d a

U n i t e d

S t a t e s





LIFE IN AMERICA






0

0

1500 miles

1500 kilometers



3323000

588

AJ-588

null

11347399


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


617000

22000

40000

3323000

5617000

3761000

5108000

A F R I C A

A S I AA S I A

O C E A N I A

C h i n a

I n d i a

Turkey

Italy

Poland

SOUTHERN

EUROPE


EUROPE

CENTRAL

EUROPEJapan


1900ndash1930

More than 100000

50000ndash100000

10000ndash49999

5000ndash9999

Less than 5000


Northern Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Southern Europe

12

Eastern Europe

and Russia 8

Central Europe

35

Northern Europe

43



Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern

Europe

Canada

Latin

America

Southern Europe

11

Northern Europe

29

Central Europe

19

Canada

27

Eastern Europe

and Russia

2

2 Asia

1930

1890


Latin America

9








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit








Moving to the City











Urban problems

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1880

AJ-590

null

7429235

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

















Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

RuralUrban



AJ-591

null

19059236
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit
















AJ-592

null

13186336






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit






















Jane Addams

AJ-593

null

2302501












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit












AJ-594

null

12961682





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit





















Improving city life


Skyscrapers

AJ-595

null

13306511




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit




















Imm

igra

nts ndash

by

area

of o

rigin

(in

thou

sand

s)

1880 18901860 1870




1900 1910 1920

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400

300

200

100

0

Year



AJ-596

null

13222911

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

597










time


A Changing Culture







Achievements

John Dewey


Mary Cassatt


Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

AJ-597

null

7115782












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit












598


AJ-598

null

14701585











AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

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AJ-599

null

8144953


















600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

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Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

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see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

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600


AJ-600

null

2137391


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


















History Through Art

AJ-601

null

21102211


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


























Horatio Alger

Stephen Crane

Edith Wharton

AJ-602

null

1586676


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


see












603





AJ-603

null

19027885

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

604









to them


rural one






UrbanAmerica




Aver

age

num

ber o

f day

sat

tend

ed p

er y

ear

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

130

120

110

100

90

80

Year


in tenements


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


HISTORY








urban growth

Test-Taking Tip













N

S

EW


500 miles0

80degW

30degN

90degW

Atlantic

Ocean

CANADA

St Paul

Milwaukee

Chicago

St Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Louisville

Cincinnati

Toledo

Columbus

Cleveland

BuffaloRochester

Pittsburgh

Scranton



Newark

New Haven

Syracuse

Worcester

Boston

Providence

Fall River

Detroit

Indianapolis

Minneapolis








Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit