TOURISM IN NEPAL

Prepared for: Dr. Hamimi Binti OmarGroup members:NUR AZRIN ADILLA BT ABDULLAH (225867)

NUR AMIRA BT MAHIDOM (226116)

SITI AISYAH BT AHMAD (226492)

SYAHIRA BT ISHAK (226533)

FATIN NADIAH BT HAMIDUN (227117)

Geographical in Nepal

• Nepal (Asia Country) located in South Asia.

• It lying along the southern slopes of Himalayan mountain ranges

• Main gate to enter to Himalaya.

• Landlocked country located between India to east , south and west while China to the north.

• From east to the west, it extends roughly about 500miles(800km) and 90 to 150mile from north to south.

Cont.

• The capital city is Kathmandu, the country’s largest metropolis.

• Nepal has an area with 147, 181 km square, (2.8% is water ).

• The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in Nepali.

• Basically, Nepal divided into 3 physiographic areas:

i. Mountain Region

ii. Hill Region

iii. Terai Region

Climate of Nepal

• Influenced by maritime and continental factors

• Has 4 distinct seasons:

1. Spring (March to May) – warm with rain showers

2. Summer ( June to August) – monsoon season when hill turn lush and green

- trekking difficult because the trail become muddy

3. Autumn (Sept to Nov) – not too cool with clear skies and most popular season for trekking

4. Winter (Dec to Feb) – cool at night

Environment of Nepal

• Variety of biomes, from tropical savannas along Indian border, subtropical broadleaf and coniferous forest in Hill Region.

• Biogeography of Nepal divided from east to west by Gandaki River.

• Eco region to the east tend to receive more precipitation and to be more species rich.

Type of tourism

NATURE OF TOURISM

Rural tourism

• Nepal is rural village based country where majority of people are residing in the remote area with various ethnicities.

• Tourist like to visit Nepal because they want to experience the different unique life and culture there.

• According to NTB (2008) state that rural tourism supports different significant activity such as forestation, transformation of agriculture, conservation, income generation, exchange of culture and knowledge.

Mountain tourism

• Nepal is famous for its unique mountain landscape.

• One of the mountain is Mount Everest also known Sagarmatha which is the highest mountain in the world, 8848 meters or 29029ft above sea level and it located at Khumbu Mahalangur.

• Another mountain at Nepal is Kanchenjunga (8586 meters), Lhotse (8516 meters), Makalu (8463 meters) and more.

Mount Everest

Lhotse mountain

Adventure tourism

• Trekking• Nepal have wonderful trekking destination that attract tourists

come to their country.

• The shortest trek only take 2-7 days journey. For example is Dhampus Village Trek and Ghorepani Trek (Poon Hill).

• The longest trek can take more than 10 days journey or even near to a month. For example is Upper Mustang Trek, Upper Dolpo Trek, Annapurna Circuit and more.

Upper Mustag Trek

• Rafting• There are numerous rivers which some are very fast flowing rivers

and it is suitable for water rafting activities.

• Tourist can explore the natural beauty of the country.

• Example of river spot for this activity is Karnali, Kali Gandaki, Seti River and more.

Cont.

• Bungee jumping

• There are many thrilling site for bungee jumping in Nepal which can provide tourist with great experience.

• The Last Resort at Bhote Koshi is the most popular site for this activity. The distance from the bungee station to the basement is 160 meter long.

Cont.

The Last Resort, Bhote Koshi (160m)

Cultural tourism

• Nepal has many important religious and cultural site significance in Hinduism and Buddhism.

• There are 4 properties of Nepal inscribed by UNESCO as World Heritage Site. But it divided into 2 part which is 2 site for cultural and 2 site for natural.

• Khatmandu Valley consist 7 temples which represent different history about their culture and religion.

• Lumbini is boardered by a large monastic zone which only monasteries can be built.

Lumbini “Birth place of Buddha”

Why tourism is important?

Economic• Tourism can be the diversification of the economy and critical

source of foreign exchange earning.

• Tourism provide a lot of job opportunities to the local residents.

• Nepal is surrounded with mountain and hill and only tourism can be an attraction to tourist come to this country.

• Tourism is a fast growing industry, so it is opportunity to Nepal increase their economic growth and being well-known around the world.

• There are 3 type of agencies involved in the tourism in Nepal. Which is:• Government

• Nepal Tourism Board

• Private sector

• This agencies is responsible towards the development of tourism sector in Nepal

How they manage the tourism?

Government

• Government has focused on creating a conducive policy environment, development of physical infrastructure mainly roads and airports and also human resource development.

• Government regulatory of licensing of tourism agencies and service providers.

• Government also manage almost all rural tourist destination in Nepal which is national parks or protected areas.

Nepal Tourism Board

• Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) is was established as a self governing body with the majority of the board members representing the private sector and was charged with the responsibility of promoting Nepal as a premier holiday destination with a definite brand image.

• NTB also responsible in marketing Nepal to outside and providing promotional support for domestic tourism.

Private Sector

• Tourism in Nepal has been the success of the private sector.

• Nepal is a country where the government does not run travel and tour services or hospitality establishments.

• Private sector also managed and operate the operational aspect in tourism. It also remained active in human resources training and product innovation such as rafting, bungee jumping and more.

MAN MADE:

a) Air pollution

• Air pollution mostly results from vehicle exhaust, industry fumes and the burning of rubbish and fuels. Vehicles that are poorly maintained and that use poor quality gasoline cause increased pollution in our air.

b)  Water Pollution

• Poor water quality results mostly from a lack of good rubbish disposal and sewage sites. The water flowing through the cities and some rural areas includes various types of bacteria, disease causing agents and organic matter such as sewage and animal waste. This poor quality water makes people sick.

TOURISM IMPLICATION TO ENVIRONMNET

c) Deforestation

• They destroy the forests in order to build and develop the infrastructure such as road, railways, airport and port.

• Forest change because of the tree felling for timber and firewood collection. Wood is the main cooking and heating fuel in all settlements for domestic and tourist use as impacts on soil. The soil will become unstable and prone to erosion.

Cont.

d) Wildlife Habitat Destruction

• Linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. Uncontrolled felling of trees, over grazing of grassland, poaching of wildlife and burning forests can caused the habitat for wildlife will be destroyed.

e) The World highest garbage dump

• With the increasing number of tourists comes a growing amount of rubbish left behind on mountains such as food wrappers, climbing gear, oxygen cylinders, and even the bodies of climbers who died along the way

Cont.

Natural disaster

• Earthquake

When the earthquakes happened at Nepal especially Kathmandu Village , this will lead to the landslides and ground failure. All the plants were destroyed and mud will go into the river. Therefore, the river will dirty and aquatic life die.

OTHER CONTRIBUTORS IN NEPAL

Agriculture

• Although the major contributor to Nepal GDP is agriculture.

• It relies heavily in traditional methods of farming. Despite the major labor force being engaged in agriculture (66%).

• Nepal is heavily dependent on other countries for its food supply.

• Low productivity is the stark reality, domestic production is unable to meet the growing demand.

Hydropower

• Theoretically, Nepal is said to be techno-economically feasible. Nepal baseline for electricity is hydro but less than 1% has been harnessed so far.

• Despite the huge potential, Government of Nepal has declared national energy crisis due to the mismatch between demand and supply.

• Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) has signed Power Purchasing Agreements (PPAs) in 2011 for domestic consumption and many are under way.

Manufacturing

• Industrial Policy 2010, develop the industrial sector and provided protection and facilities to investors same with the draft made by Foreign Investment Policy.

• Industrialization is considered one of the most vital indicators of economic growth and prosperity of the nation.

• In Nepal, steel-rolling mills, cement, cigarettes, sugar, tea, beer, carpets, garments, textiles, and food mills are some of the viable areas for investment in manufacturing and production industries.

Service

• Although Nepal is categorized as a Least Developed Country according to the United Nations, there is a growing middle class.

• According to Asian Development Bank (ADB 2010), based on a 2004 survey, Nepal had a middle and higher class population of 23.36 % combined annual expenditure of US$10.72 billion in purchasing power term.

• The increasing trend of middle class opens up the avenue for further investment in education, hospitals and IT business.

STRATEGIES TO BE TAKEN TO MITIGATE THE ISSUES

Holistic planning

Holistic planning is the term used to describe the ultimate meshing of the two planning practices. Holistic planning takes a multi-disciplinary approach to financial planning and involves developing a team of professionals who can deliver investment, retirement, and estate planning.

Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development(LI-BIRD)

Non-governmental organization (NGO) established in 1995 in Nepal. It capitalizes on local initiatives for sustainable management of renewable natural resources and helps improve the livelihoods of resource poor and marginalized people.

Making sustainable tourism

Sustainable tourism embraces all segments of the industry with guideline and criteria that seek to reduce environmental impacts, particularly the use of non-renewable resource, using measurable benchmarks, and to improve tourism’s contribution to sustainable development and environment conservation.

Environmental Awareness Project

• Promote environmental awareness and conservation among local children and villages.

• To provide foreign volunteers an opportunity to study and gain new insights into sustainable agriculture, environmental protection and resource management in Nepal.

• To promote community development activities.

Cont.

Cont.

Innovative leadership

philosophy and technique that combines the different leadership styles to influence employees to produce creative, ideas, products, and services. The key role in the practice of innovation leadership is the innovation leader.

PROTECTED AREAS IN NEPAL

• CULTURAL

1. Kathmandu Valley. 2. Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha.

• NATURAL

1. Chitwan National Park.

2. Sagarmatha National Park

PROTECTED AREA BY UNESCO

Kathmandu Valley

• The cultural heritage of the Kathmandu Valley is illustrated by seven groups of monuments and buildings which display the full range of historic and artistic achievements for which the Kathmandu Valley is world famous.

• The seven include the Durbar Squares of Hanuman Dhoka (Kathmandu), Patan and Bhaktapur, the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Bauddhanath and the Hindu temples of Pashupati and Changu Narayan.

• Located in the foothills of the Himalayas.

• The seven monument ensembles represent an exceptional testimony to the traditional civilization of the Kathmandu Valley.

• The designated property has been declared a protected monument zone under the Ancient Monument Preservation Act, 1956, providing the highest level of national protection.

Cont.

Kathmandu Valley Bakhtapur

Hanuman Doka.

Patan. Kathmandu Valley (Nepal)

Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha

• Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C. in the famous gardens of Lumbini.

• Lumbini is one of the holiest places of one of the world's great religions, and its remains contain important evidence about the nature of Buddhist pilgrimage centres from as early as the 3rd century BC.

• The property site is protected by the Ancient Monument Preservation Act 1956.

•  The entire property is owned by the Government of Nepal.

Chitwan, National Park

• Chitwan National Park (CNP), established in 1973, was Nepal’s first National Park. Located in the Southern Central Terai of Nepal, it formerly extended over the foothills, the property covers an area of 93,200 hectares, extends over four districts Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Parsa and Makwanpur. 

• Chitwan has a particularly rich flora and fauna and is home to one of the last populations of single-horned Asiatic rhinoceros and is also one of the last refuges of the Bengal Tiger.

Sagarmatha National Park

• Sagarmatha is an exceptional area with dramatic mountains, glaciers and deep valleys, dominated by Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world (8,848 m).

• Several rare species, such as the snow leopard and the lesser panda, are found in the park.

Archaeological zone in the sacred garden.

Temple, pillar, pond and remains

Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha

Chitwan National Park

Sagarmatha National Park

CONCLUSION

• Nepal is one of the popular destination in tourism industry.

• There are many interesting places, one of the most popular is Mount Everest.

• However in Nepal there are more negative impacts to their country.

• Even there are many negative issues regarding to tourism industry, but they managed to mitigate these issues.