touring our solar system
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Touring Our Solar System. Chapter 23. 23.1 The Solar System. 99.85% of the mass of our solar system is in the Sun, planets make up the rest. Gravity holds planets in orbit. Overview of the Planets Terrestrial planets : small and rocky Jovian planets : huge gas giants. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Touring Our Solar System
Chapter 23
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23.1 The Solar System
99.85% of the mass of our solar system is in the Sun, planets make up the rest.
Gravity holds planets in orbit.A. Overview of the Planets
Terrestrial planets: small and rockyJovian planets: huge gas giants
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How long is Jupiter’s “year”? How long is Mercury’s “year?
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23.1 The Solar SystemInteriors of the PlanetsClasses: (based on melting
point)gases: H and He (-273oC)rocks: silicate and iron (> 700oC)ices: ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, and water. (between others)
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23.1 The Solar System
Atmosphere of the Planets
Planets can only have an atmosphere if gravity is great enough.
Ex: Earth: 11 km/s escape velocity.
He and H escape from Earth.
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23.1 The Solar System
B. Formation of solar System.
Nebular TheorySun and planets formed from a rotating disk of gas and dust.
Planetesimals collided and built the planets and become round.
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23.2 Terrestrial Planets
A. Mercury:Smallest planet (no atmosphere)Dense with many cratersScraps from coolingTemperature:-173 to 427oC59 earth-day rotation88 earth-day revolution
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23.2 Terrestrial PlanetsB. Venus:255 Earth-day “year”Thick crushing atmosphere (97%
carbon dioxide) 90x pressure Temperture-475oC
Radar maps shows basaltic volcanism and tectonic activity.
Most flat plains with few mountains.
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23.2 Terrestrial PlanetsC. Mars:Polar caps made of CO2
Large long dust stormsMost atmosphere escapedOlympus Mons- 23 km highValles Marineris
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23.2 Terrestrial PlanetsC. Mars:Rovers discovered marks of liquid
water on Mars
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23.3 Outer Planets (and Pluto)Jupiter: Giant Among Planets1/800 of Sun Mass2.5x greater then all others
planets together.Great Red Spot- seen cyclonic
storm seen Giovanni Cassini about 1690.
Structure: pressure to make hydrogen into a liquid.
May have rocky core.
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23.3 Outer Planets (and Pluto)Jupiter:Moons:Io- volcanicEurpoa- fractured icy surfaceGanymede- largest, parallel
grovesCallisto- many craters
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23.3 Outer Planets (and Pluto)Jupiter:Rings:Very faint
Maybe fragments of 2 smaller moons
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23.3 Outer Planets (and Pluto)Saturn:Rings: Main feature100 m thick
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23.3 Outer Planets (and Pluto)Saturn:Moons:56 currentlyTitan – largest
Atmosphereand hydrocarbon seas
Enceladus-volcanic and water geysers
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23.3 Outer Planets (and Pluto)Uranus: Planet on its
side.
Winking star was a sign of a ring (9)
Miranda
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23.3 Outer Planets (and Pluto)Neptune: Windy Planet1000km/hrGreat Dark Spot: Storm
like Giant red Spot.Vanished! Repapered.Methane clouds.Triton –retrograde and
volcanic
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23.3 Outer Planets (and Pluto)Pluto: Dwarf PlanetFails to attract object
in its orbit. (clearing its orbit)
228 yearsCharon-moon
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23.4 Minor MembersNEAR ShoemakerLanded on asteroid
ErosVery low gravityMost asteroids are
between Mars and Jupiter.
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23.4 Minor MembersCometsMade of rocks, frozen
water, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
Very elongated orbits.Tail points away from
the sun.
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23.4 Minor MembersCometsMany short period
come from the Kuiper Belt
Long period come from the Oort Cloud
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23.4 Minor MembersCometsHalley’s Comet1986 Giotto probe
passed within 600 km
8 km x 16 km
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23.4 Minor MembersMeteoroidsSmall solid particles3 sources:
interplanetary debrisasteroid beltcomet remains
Meteors-burn up in contact with atmosphere.
Meteorites- reaches Earth
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23.4 Minor MembersMeteoroidsAge of meteorites are
about 4.567 billion years old.
Made mostly of iron.Meteor Showers-
annual event from comet passes across Earth’s orbit.