ENERGY STAR Air Conditioners & Heat PumpsProposed Installation Requirements for SEER 14 Equipment

Brian KillinsNatural Resources CanadaMay 4, 2006

Toronto, May 4 - 5, 2006

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Table of Contents

Background

Efficiency and energy savings potential

Electricity peak demand reductions

Homeowner benefits

Development and Implementation Plan

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AC/HP Market in Canada

About 250,000 per year

90% AC, 10% ASHP

Size – about 85% are 2.5 tons and less

At 2 kw/AC, >500 MW peak demand

Increase of 1 EER yields 240 watt peak reduction (for 2 ton AC)

Operating costs – highly variable

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Equipment Efficiency

April 1, 2006SEER 14, EER 11.5, and HSPF V 7.1 (split)

January 1, 2009SEER 14.5 , EER 12, and HSPF V 7.1 (split) (2006 EE Regulations – SEER 13, HSPF V 6.7)

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Incidence of AC installations

Factors causing inefficiency

Oversizing 47%

Inadequate airflow 70%

Refrigerant charge outsideof manufacturer specs 44%

Source: Consortium for Energy Efficiency

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Homeowner “disconnect”

Cannot tell if AC and HP are operating efficiently

Unaware of “servicing” costs

Bigger is better

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AC Sizing

50% oversized by >25%

average oversizing of 1.39

1/3 contractors use rule of thumb and 40% admit purposely oversizing, homeowner driven

20% downsizing possible yielding 4% energy savings

potential savings 2-10%

Source: various studies

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Reduced Airflow

AC efficiency

Interaction of fan, filter, coil, ductwork, & AC sizing

Studies 327 cfm per ton cooling (vs 400 cfm)

Impact on EER/SEER = – 5%

Air circulation

Furnaces rated at 45 pa, typical 100 -125 pa

Typical air circulation power = 500 watts/1000 cfm Impact of AC sizing, higher efficiency motor &

blowers, duct design

Source: various studies

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Refrigerant Charge

Overcharging (33%) & undercharging (41%) found

Fixed orifice type savings potential – 10-20%

TXV type - 5% estimated energy savings Overall 13% energy reduction

Source: various US studies

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Heating systems

most are oversized >40%, some more than 100%

air circulation power increase from 13 to 28 w/kw heating since ’90, typical increase from 350 to 500 watts

Source: Phillips

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US ENERGY STAR says…

…up to 35% savings:

AC sizing 10% Refrigerant charge 12% Proper Air flow 10%

Duct sealing 15% Sources:CEE 2000 White Paper (Consortium for Energy Efficiency) US ENERGY STAR website

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Installation Criteria

Correct AC sizing & reduced air handling - estimated potential impacts:

18 MW / yr peak electricity demand reduction

85 GW.h / year energy savings (equivalent to SEER 10 to 13)

Source: Caneta Research report for NRCan

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Proposed installation requirements

Qualified equipment SEER, EER, and HSPF Matched coil and outdoor unit Circulation fan – variable DC motor (ECM) Sizing – cooling, heating, ductwork Access for maintenance Field measurements – refrigerant charge, air

flow, static pressure, blower electricity use Field checks – equipment #s, quality of

installation (duct sealing, access for cleaning, etc)

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Proposed installation requirements

Verification process

Contractor training and qualifications

Energy Star labelling

Maintain ENERGY STAR principles

Pilots & Programs

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Conclusions / Next Steps

Expanded scope for ENERGY STAR

Significant potential

Expanded opportunity for industry

Schedule - 2007 for development of installation criteria

Stakeholder meetings for input – with manufacturers, contractors, utilities, & others

Operationalize field measures, verification

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Contact Information

Brian Killins613 947 8764bkillins@nrcan.gc.ca

oee.nrcan.gc.ca