toronto and region
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Toronto and Region. Toronto and Region. Toronto differs from its metropolitan region in urban form, housing market characteristics and population composition. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Toronto and Region
Toronto and Region
• Toronto differs from its metropolitan region in urban form, housing market characteristics and population composition.
• Despite the ongoing shift of population to the region, Toronto continues to be home to a significant proportion of socially and economically vulnerable population groups.
Toronto and Region
In 2006 Toronto included:
– 65% of GTA low income children under age six
– 72% of GTA tenant households
– 64% of seniors Ages 85 and over
– 58% of GTA lone parent families
– 61% of GTA low income families
– 52% of GTA immigrants and 67% of recent immigrants
– 75% of GTA households receiving Social Assistance
– 40% of GTA households with income of $100,000 or more
Low Income Characteristics
Low Income Characteristics 2006
• 21% of economic families, 41% of unattached individuals and 25 % of all persons were living with Before Tax income below the LICO in 2006.
• This reflects 134,247 families, 165,156 unattached individuals and 604, 048 persons in total.
• Low income persons in Toronto were more likely than the rest of the population to be female, a visible minority person, a recent immigrant, living in lone parent family and relying on precarious work.
Toronto and Other Jurisdictions
• In 2006, Toronto comprised 13% of all low income persons in Canada, 35% of those in Ontario and 62% of those in the GTA
• Low income rates for Toronto were double those for Canada, Ontario and the rest of the Toronto region.
• Among major Canadian cities, low income rates were highest in Montreal, followed by Vancouver, Toronto, Winnipeg, Edmonton and Calgary.
Toronto Share of Low Income Canada, Ontario and GTA, 2006
13.3
34.4
60.7
10.6
33.8
73.1
12.9
34.5
62.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Canada Ontario GTA
Families Unattached individuals All Persons
Before Tax Low Income Rates, 2006 Canada, Ontario, and GTA Regional Municipalities
15.3 14.7
9.4
12.7
24.5
14.5
8.5
11.6 11.7
7.7
11.4
20.6
13.0
6.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Canada Ontario Durham York Toronto Peel Halton
Pe
rce
nt
Total Persons Economic Families
Low Income Trends 1990-2006
Median Family IncomeCity of Toronto, 1990-2005
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
1990 1993 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Unemployment Rate, 1987-2010Persons 25 and Over
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
CANADA ONTARIO TORONTO CMA CITY OF TORONTO
Low Income Trends, 1996-2006
• Before-tax low income rates improved from 1996-2001 before moving upward as economic growth slowed following the “tech bubble” collapse, 9-11 and SARS .
• In 2006, low income economic families and all persons were 7% and 9% above 2001 levels.
• From 1996-2006, the number of low income persons in the rest of the GTA increased by 30%.
Change in Low Income City of Toronto 1996-2006
-12.4
8.9
-8.2
-16.5
-7.3
-14.9
7.4
16.8
9.3
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Economic families Unattached individuals Persons
1996-2006 1996-2001 2001-2006
Labour Force and Employment
• Forty-three percent of low income persons ages 15 and over were engaged in paid employment in 2005.
• Low income persons fare poorly with regard to labour force participation, unemployment and access to full-time jobs.
• Participation rates for low income men and women were 15% and 28% lower than the comparable non-low income population.
• Unemployment rates were twice as high
Persons 15 & Over by Labour Force Characteristics City of Toronto 2006
51
16
65
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Participation rate Unemployment rate
perc
en
t
Low Income Persons All Persons
Labour Force and Employment
• Among employed low income persons, 2/3 worked part time, part year in 2005.
• The most common occupations were clerical occupations, retail salespersons and sales clerks, transportation equipment operators and occupations in food and beverage service.
• Median and average personal income for low income persons was 72% and 40% below the population as a whole.
Persons 15 & Over by Incidence of Full Time Employment City of Toronto 2006
30
23
59
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Males Females
per
cen
t
Low Income Persons All Persons
Median and Average Personal Income City of Toronto 2006
$10,438 $10,371
$40,376
$24,544
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Median income $ Average income $
Population Disparities
Age and Sex
• Before-tax low income rates were higher for children, youth and older women.
• The income gap between men and women is reflected in both in low income rates and median personal income levels.
• Low income women outnumbered men in all age groups 15 years and over, the gap widens after age 55, and is largest for persons ages 75 and over.
• Faced with dramatic growth in the city’s older population as the “baby boom” ages out over the next twenty years, income security for seniors, especially women, is likely to be a critical concern.
Before Tax Low Income Rate by Age and SexCity of Toronto, 2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0to 4
5to 9
10to 14
15to 19
20to 24
25to 29
30to 34
35to 39
40to 44
45to 49
50to 54
55to 59
60to 64
65to 69
70to 74
75to 79
80to 84
85andover
Males Females
Low Income Persons by Age and SexCity of Toronto, 2006
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
0-14years of
age
15-24years of
age
25-34years of
age
35-44years of
age
45-54years of
age
55-64years of
age
65-74years of
age
75 andover
MALES FEMALES"
Children and Families
• Nearly one-third of Toronto children were living with low income in 2006.
• The low income rate for children was 1.5 times that of low income persons overall.
• Among the 131,000 low income children ages 14 and under, 74% were Canadian born, 6% arrived in Canada from 1991-2001 and 20% from 2001-2006.
• Sixty-four percent of low income children lived in couple families and 36% lived with a single parent.
Children and Families
Low Income Rates by Family TypeCity of Toronto, 2006
21.3
12.1
23.2
53.3
20.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
All EconomicFamilies
Coupleswithout childrenunder 18 years
Couples withchildren under
18 years
Lone parentswith children
under 18 years
Other economicfamilies
Low Income Rates- Families by Population TypeCity of Toronto, 2006
22.6
29.831.2
25.8
39.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
All EconomicFamilies
Aboriginal Visible Minority Immigrant RecentImmigrant
• Lone parent families, families with visible minority or aboriginal persons and those with recent immigrants had low income rates significantly higher than the city average.
• 53% of lone parent families, 40% of recent immigrant families and 30% of visible minority and aboriginal families were low income in 2006.
Immigrants and Visible Minorities
• Immigrants and visible minority persons account for a disproportionate number of low income persons in the city.
• 57% of low income persons were immigrants.
• 36% arrived in the previous 5 years and 32% between 1991 and 2000
• Top countries of origin for low income immigrants in 2006 were China, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Jamaica .
Low Income Rate for Immigrants by Region of OriginCity of Toronto, 2006
17.6
26.8
27.7
25.6
15.8
26.3
16.8
13.8
39.4
43.5
32.6
49.7
13.3
44.5
35.5
19.7
34.0
20.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
United States ofAmerica
Central America
Caribbean andBermuda
South America
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Western Africa
Eastern Africa
Northern Africa
Central Africa
Southern Africa
West Central Asiaand the Middle East
Eastern Asia
Southeast Asia
Southern Asia
Oceania and other
Immigrants and Visible MinoritiesLow Income Rate by Period of Immigration
City of Toronto, 2006
15.6 15.517.9
23.6
27.7
31.0
45.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Before1961
1961 to1970
1971 to1980
1981 to1990
1991 to1995
1996 to2000
2001 to2006
• Low-income rates for immigrants decline the longer they reside in Canada.
• The rate for people who arrived before 1991 compares to that of non-immigrants.
Immigrants and Visible Minorities
• One third of visible minority persons had before tax income below the LICO, a rate nearly double that of non-visible minority persons (17%).
• Among the 383,500 low income visible minority persons living in Toronto, thirty-one percent were black, 19% Chinese, 19% South Asian and 7% Latin American.
• 63% of low income persons in 2006 were visible minority.
Low Income Rate by Visible Minority GroupCity of Toronto, 2006
53.7
47.043.8
40.3
33.8 33.1 31.5 30.928.8
25.1
19.317.3 16.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
We
st A
sia
n
Ko
rea
n
Ara
b
Bla
ck
So
uth
ea
st
As
ian
La
tinA
me
rica
n
So
uth
As
ian
Ch
ine
se
Vis
ible
min
ority
, n.i.e
.
Mu
ltiple
vis
ible
min
ority
Ja
pa
ne
se
Filip
ino
No
t a v
isib
lem
ino
rity
Spatial Patterns
Residential Characteristics
• The residential pattern of low income in Toronto approximates a U shape emanating both Northeast and Northwest from the Central Area.
• This pattern reflects the location of the city’s affordable housing, including 91,000 social housing units, and a large number of privately owned rental apartment buildings
Residential Characteristics
• More than 70% percent of low-income persons lived in rental accommodations and 43% lived in apartment building with five or more stories.
• The past 20 years has seen strong growth of neighbourhoods with high concentrations of
low-income in the “inner suburbs.
Residential Characteristics
Residential Characteristics
Toronto Neighbourhoods
• Family low income rates ranged from a low of 4% in Princess-Rosethorn to a high of 61% in Regent Park.
• 32 of Toronto’s 140 neighbourhoods had family low income rates of 25% or more, two more than in 2001.
• Four were in East York, one in Etobicoke, eleven in North York, ten in Scarborough, five in the former City of Toronto, and three in York.
Neighbourhoods with Highest Family Low Income RatesCity of Tornto, 2006
25.9
25.9
26.5
26.5
26.8
27.5
27.8
27.9
28.0
28.4
28.7
28.9
30.0
30.1
30.7
31.6
31.8
31.9
32.3
35.8
38.3
38.4
40.0
43.3
44.7
63.6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Victoria Village
Westminster-Branson
Steeles
Dorset Park
L'Amoreaux
Broadview North
Humbermede
Mount Olive-Silverstone-Jamestown
Beechborough-Greenbrook
Glenfield-Jane Heights
Kennedy Park
Weston
Mount Dennis
North St.Jamestown
Eglinton East
Scarborough Village
Rustic
Brookhaven-Amesbury
Crescent Town
Black Creek
South Parkdale
Kensington-Chinatown
Flemingdon Park
Thorncliffe Park
Oakridge
Regent Park
Toronto Neighbourhoods
TORONTO NEIGHBOURHOODS
Toronto Neighbourhoods
Selected Population CharacterisitcsNeighbourhoods with High and Low Prevalence of Low Income
33
6559
2622
63
9817
30
13 10
69
4
01020304050607080
Family LowIncome Rate
VisibleMinorityPersons
Immigrants RecentImmigrants
Lone ParentFamilies
PaticipationRate
UnemploymentRate
Perc
ent
High Prevalence Low Prevalence
Neighbourhoods with high family low income rates have significantly larger concentration of visible minority persons, immigrants, and lone parent families, as well as lower labour force participation and higher unemployment.
Recent Trends
Recent Trends
The shock of the global recession on the Toronto economy resulted in a downturn in business activityand sharp rise in unemployment beginning in 2008
Unemployment Rate -3 Month Moving Average City of Toronto 2007-2010
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
2007 A J O 2008 A J O 2009 A J O 2010 A J
Recent Trends
Evidence of increasing prevalence of low income is reflected in the rise in social assistance cases and growing use of community supports to supplement basic needs.
Recent Trends
• From October 2007 to October 2010, the City’s social assistance caseload jumped by 29%. Singles increased by 40% and families by 10%.
• Food bank use in 2010 showed the largest year to year jump since 1995, a fifteen percent increase over 2009.
• Daily Bread attributes this to lingering effects of the recession. Among new food bank clients, 40% reported recent job loss or declining income due to reduced hours of employment.
Social Assistance Cases City of Toronto, 2007-2010
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
J07 A07 J07 O07 J08 A08 J08 O08 J09 A09 J09 O09 J10 A10 J10 O10
All Cases Singles Families
Concluding
• Low income is not evenly distributed by population group or by neighbourhood in Toronto. Its prevalence is disproportionate for children, youth, senior women, recent immigrants, visible minority groups and lone parent families.
• Low income households are becoming more concentrated across Toronto’s inner suburbs as well as in high-rise apartments in relatively more affluent neighbourhoods.
• The recession has added to already growing need and people are increasingly turning to community services for basic necessities.
• In the current fiscal environment, the impact of the recession creates even greater challenge to provide appropriate supports to populations in need and, ultimately, to succeed in meeting poverty reduction goals..
For more information contact:
Harvey Low
City of TorontoSocial Development and Administration Division
Social Policy Analysis and Research
Telephone: 416-392-8660
Email: [email protected]