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התעשייה המסחר והתעסוקה משרד אדאדאדאד חחחחוווולהכשרה ולפיתוח כלהכשרה ולפיתוח כלהכשרה ולפיתוח כלהכשרה ולפיתוח כ בכירבכירבכירבכיר אגאגאגאג

תחום בחינות

1

נוסחאו בתורת החשמל

1.1

tIQ ⋅= ] Q [C; –

] I [A; –

] t [sec; –

1.2

] Rt [Ω; –

)1(0 TRRt ∆∞+= ] Ro [Ω; –

][1/oC ά–

] ∆T [oC] – !"

1.3 ! " ] R [Ω; –

# 2 Ωmm2

] [ =ρ – % m

] [m; ℓ – & '

]#2 ; [mm2 A – (' )

] [A; I –

*+ :* -. ) /01 -. M.K.S

1.4 # !

] )G [S; – #&

RG

1= ]1 :[mho – #&



2

1.5

21

21

RR

RII

+⋅=

1.6

21

22

RR

RUU

+⋅=

1.7 ] P [W: –

]. U [V: – UIP = ] I [A: –

] R [Ω: – RIP 2= ] J; W [Wsec – 2'

] t [sec: –

PtW =

R

UP

2

=

1.8

ηη ⋅⋅⋅⋅=⋅⋅⋅=∆⋅= tIRtPTCmQ 224.024.0. ] 3Q [cal; –

1 cal =4.2 Joule ]4 m [gr; – #

] 4 3C [cal/g0C; – %

[0C] ∆T– 5

η – #%")% (



3

1.9 $ %& !

)במעורב( #8' &Rr

m

n

nEI

+= n – 9. -. - :#% #& +8 %

m – 9" %

3 :#% )במקביל(&R

m

r

EI

+= E – #8 -. .

r – #8 #8

)בטור( - %#: &Rnr

nEI

+= R – ;#)

I – & -.

1.10 ' $ () * $

Rrm

n= ] R [Ω: – ;#)

n – 3 9. -. - & +8 %

m – 9" %

1.11 $ +

tIQ ⋅= ] %) Q [Ah;– ' )

] %)t [h; –



4

2.

2.1 # ] e [C: –

eC181024.61 ⋅= ] E [N/C; – -

] F [N; –

q

FE = ] q [C; –

] r [m; –

2

21

4

1

r

qqF ⋅=

πε ] .ε [F/m; – 3 <

2.2 ,-

⋅=⋅

= −

m

F12

90 1085.81036

1

πε

]2 A [m2; – ) (' = >

] Q [C; – >

rεεε ⋅= 0 ] .ε [F/m; – 3 <

]. ε0 [F/m; – < 3 ?"#

d

AC

ε=

εr – < 3 -)

]. U [V; –

U

QC =

] d [m; – = >

]. C [F; – ) >

d

UE =

] [v/mE – -



5

2.3 ,- *& $

2

2

1CUW ⋅= ] @ @ W [Wsec J; – 2'

] q [C; –

2.4 #

q

WU =

2.5 #

t

QI = ] I [A; –

] Q [C; –

A

IJ =

] t [sec; –

]# 2 mm2

/A [ J – .

]#2 A [mm2; – (' )



6

3. ./-

3.1 ,- +

U

QC = ] .C [F; – )>

] Q [C; –

] .U [V; – > =

3.2 ( ./- !

nT CCCCC

1...

1111

321

++++=

- :#% " &

21

21

CC

CCCT +

⋅= tcA # )

Ncccc ...321 ⋅⋅

3.3 0* ( ./- !

nT CCCC ...21 ++=

4. $ $



7

4.1 H

] I [A; –

r

IH

π2= ] r [m; – &

] H [A/m; – - & -) '5

] "#N[T; – "# %

] [m; ℓ – -) '5 ' HlNI ∑=∑ ) '5 – !...

4.2 ) '5 )השט" צפיפות – מגנטית השראה( . .! –

HB µ= ]( . ;B [Wb/m2 – ) D ( ) '5 ,-) '5 !. ..

7

0 104 −= πµ Ωsec

] ; [ µo – F 8#8 )?"(

m

4.4

rµµµ 0= Ωsec

] ; [µ – -) '5 8#8

m



8

4.5 $ 1

AB ⋅=φ

]2 Φ(Wb; – -) '5 !.

AB

φ= ]2 A[m

2; – >## (' )– ># -. ) )

] .2 ;B[Wb/m2 – ) '5 – .

4.6 $

l

INH

⋅=

] " NI [AT; – ) '5

] [m; ℓ – -) '5 '

mR

NI=φ ]. , . Φ[Vsec, wb; – !. -) '5

AT

] " "; [Rm – ) ) '5( WB

] " H [AT/m; –

4.7 -) '5 )רלוקטנס(

A

lRm µ

=



9

4.8 .%!

212

IIr

lF ⋅=

πµ

] r [m; – & +

] I [A; –

] ℓ [m; – & '

] F [N; – #

µ –

4.9 $+ ' ( +

] ( .B [Wb/m2; – -) '5

αsinBIlF = ] I [A; –

] F [N; –

] ℓ [m; – -) '5 ;#) '

] α [oC; – ''8 &

4.10 ( + V ل ا

αα sinsin ... IlBVqBF == ] v [m/sec; – '8 %)

] q [C; –

4.11 - ) מ"כא( ' ' $

αsinBlVe = ] .e [V; –

] ( .B [Wb/m2; – ) '5 – -) '5 !. .

] ℓ [m; – ;#) '

] V [m/sec; – ;#) %)



10

0 )פרדיי(

0 ;#) -.N ( 5 -) '5 ".

tNE∆∆

=φ

] . ∆Φ [Wb; – -) '5 5

] ∆t [sec; – 5

4.12 2 ,

IL

φ= ] 31L [H; – >## 0

] "N [T; – ># "# %

INL∆∆

−=φ

] .Φ [Wb; – ># -) '5 !.

] I [A; – >#

. Wb;

] [∆Φ – !. 5

. Vseс

] ∆I [A; – 5 .

4.13 * 0# 02 + ( , $

ααφ sinsin NIABINT == ] , α [deg,rad; – "# G')

) '5 ''8

] T [Nm; – %

] I [A; – >#

] .Φ [Wb; – ># ! ' !.



11

)לנ( 3 4.14

, 4 02 5

t

ILE∆∆

−= ] ∆t [sec; –

] "N [T; – "# %

] ∆I [A; – 5

] 31L [H; – # 0 >#

4.15 - 2 ,

mR

NL

2

=

AT

] " " ; [Rm – wb



12

4.16

21 LLKM =

] 31M [H; –

θsin... AIBT = K – !&H )מקד% הצימוד(

]2 A [m2 – "# G') )

ω..max ABE = ] ω [rad/sec; – %)

] R [m; – "# '2 >&

R

v=ω ]/ V [m/sec; – '8 %)

(% – ;n [r.p.m ד"סל[

60

2 nπω = ] Ө [rad; – ''8 "# G')

] T [Nm; – "# :#%

t

θω =

4.17 $ *& ,

2

2

1LIW =

] .@ J; W [W sec– 2'



13

5.

5.1

)sin(max αω += tII ] i [A; – -*# 2

] α [rad; – )sin(max αω += tEe ] .Emax [V; – # :*

] .e [V; – -*# 2 ] Ieff [A; – " 2 ] Imax [A; – # :* ] .Ueff [V; – " 2 ] .Umax [V; – # :* ] ω [rad/sec; – J %)

5.2

fT

1= ] T [sec; – ) '(

] t [sec; –

max2

1IIeff = ]K 1 , # f [Hz, Cycles/sec; –

max2

1UUeff =

fπω 2=

jXRZ ±= ] X [Ω; – 2# # #%"

] XL [Ω; – >## #%"

R

Xtg =φ ] Xc [Ω; – # ) #%">

] Z [Ω; – 2

cL XXX −= ] |Z| [Ω; – 2# #'

22XRZ +=



14

LX L ω= ] XL [Ω; – 2

L (Ω.sec] Hy – >#

CX c ω

1= ] Xc [Ω; – > 2

] .C [Farad; – )

5.3 * $ φ ) # ( (

R

Xtg =ϕ

Z

X=ϕsin

Z

R=ϕcos

Ø

Ø

R XL

Ø

Ø

R Xc

#%"

#%")



15

5.4

UIS = ] I [A; –

] .U [volt; –

ϕcosUIP = ] . S [VA; – 1*

] ;P [W; –

]-) .@ Q [VAr; – )ריאקטיבי((

] φ [rad; – '

ϕsinUIQ =

22

QPS +=

P

Qtg =ϕ

ϕcosSP =

ϕsinSQ =

JQPS ±=

5.6 ( #

LCf

π21

0 =

R

LQ 0

0

ω=

]K 1 fo [Hz; –

0

0

Q

fBW = ] # ωo [rad/sec; – ) %L #

2

2

φ

P

QcS

2 תילוביק הבכע )

φ

U

I

2 תילוביק הבכע )

2



16

] R [Ω; – 2

00 2 fπω = ] [Qo – # %

]31 L [H; – 2

] .C [F; – 2 )

] K 1BW [HZ; – !' M%

5.7

)( 212ϕϕ

ωtgtg

U

PC −= ]. C [F; – 2# 3 .N )

] @ ,φ2 [deg, rad; – ) '

)( 21 ϕϕ tgtgPQC −= ] @ φ1 [deg, rad; – ) 2 '

] P [W; – & #) . 2

CWUQC = U [volt] –

ω [rad/sec] – L %)

ω =2πf

QC – ) O AVAR

0* ( #

22XR

III +=

LcX III −=

2



17

5.8 * .$ -%- -

$ ! -

phL II =

phL UU ⋅= 3

]. Iph [A; – ;#) 9. -. '

]. UL [V; – ' P ) .(

Uph – ;#) 9. -.

! - 8- $

phL II ⋅= 3

phL UU =

]. Uph [V; – ' )מתח מופעי(



18

$ -%- #

LL IUS ⋅⋅= 3 ] . S [VA; – ' + 1*

] P [W; – + J" '

ϕcos3 LL IUP ⋅⋅= ]-) . Q [Var; – ' + #%" 2

ϕsin3 LL IUQ ⋅⋅=

* .

0=GI

1II X =

23 II =

2

13

R

RRRX ⋅=



19

9 :) # +

;( ,-

]. U [V; – &

] R [Ω; – ' > -

] i [A; –

] I [A; – *

]. Uc [V; – >

t [sec] – ,=" !+4 *

]. C [Farad; – > )

]. Uo [V; – =" !+4 * -. > :#%

Uo = O

t = O

Rc

t

Rc

t

IeeR

Ui

−−=⋅= )2.7183 (e – ' # %2-

] t [sec; –

] i [A; –

] io [A; – % (t = o)

] i∞ [A; – 9. -. )(t = ∞

R

Ui =

0=i

∞=t

Rc=τ ] τ [sec; – <

"( ,- </

RC

t

c eUU−

−= )1(

(i) ,- ( (UC)



20

cR

t

ec UU−=

] i – [A; Q "

]. Uc [V; – Q " 2 >

]. U [V; – - > (t=o)

5 :Q " 2 ]- t [sec; – =" !+4 *

] I [A; – *# -. t=o )=" !+4 *(

cR

t

eII−−=

R

Ui =

=( - #– ?/

t = 0ברגע U =UC



21

R

Lr = A <

)1(t

L

R

eR

EI

−−=

@/& +

)t

L

R

eR

EI

−=



22

1 – 3 .

lK = 103 → EXP 3 lm = 10

-3 → EXP -3

lM = 106 → EXP 6 lµ = 10

-6 → EXP -6

lG = 109 → EXP 9 lη = 10

-9 → EXP -9

lT = 1012

→ EXP 12 lp = 10-12

→ EXP – 12

.

EXP-3 (mm) → (m) #

EXP-6 ( (mm2) → (m

2) ( #

EXP-2 (cm) → (m) )

EXP-4 ( (cm2) → (m

2) ) (

EXP-3 # (m) → (mm)

EXP-6 ( # (m2) → (mm

2) (

EXP-2 ) (m) → (cm)

EXP-4 ) ( (m2) → (cm

2) (

#

'2 - 8– d1

'2 -#8– d2

'2 – d

'2 (' – D

) (' – A

' – l

5 & # %: 02 =+⋅+⋅ cxbxa

: a

cabbx

⋅⋅⋅−±−

=2

42

2,1

* * *

4

2

21

2

21

2D

A

dI

ddD

ddd

π

π

=

=

−=

+=

torat hashmal nus-arab - gov.il · הקוסעתהו רחסמה היישעתה דרשמ דא חח...

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