topo-bathymetric lidar to support enhanced coastal mapping

Topo-bathymetric lidar to support enhanced coastal mapping for shellfish

Aquaculture & Eelgrass mappingDepartment of Fisheries and Oceans Gulf Region –

Kevin McGuigan - Research Associate AGRG, NSCC

Copyright NSCC please acknowledge the source

Geology

Antarctica Siberia

West Africa

North America

3 Billion years ago…

Colombia Super ContinentCO2


Biology

Geology

Cyanobacteria

ucmp.berkeley.edu

O2

CO2

1.5 Billion years ago…


Biology

Geology

Great Extinction

Proliferation of Respiratory Life

britannica.com

Banded Iron Formations

O2

O2O2

Fe2O3

500 Million years ago…


Now..

Biology

Geology


Now..

Biology

Geology

Society

Remote Sensing

Physics

CO2


Nova Scotia

You Are Here


NWATL, CHS, NRCAN, Boulder, NOAA, UNB, UNH, OPTECH, USGS, UofMaine

PEI Eutrophication

gov.pe.ca

Aquaculture

thechronicleherald.ca

Aquaculture Meteghanthechronicleherald.ca

AGRG

Shoreline Armoring

Society

• CoastalStewards

• Challenges /Opportunities

Nova Scotia Brant Decoy

forsythesauctions.com

European green crabcbc.ca



Biology

Algaed Eelgrass, Tabusintac Bay

AGRG

Port Mouton Eelgrass Monitoring

cbc.ca

Eelgrass Fish Habitatccesuffolk.org

Eelgrass Shellfish Habitat

southernfriedscience.com

• EELGRASS• Zosteraarina

• Coastal ‘Canary in the coal mine’

TD Sherman

Labyrinthula

‘Wasting Disease’


We need to detect and communicate changes in regional eelgrass systematically…

Biology

Society


https://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest

Biology

Remote Sensing

Society

You Are Here

Turkey

Finland

Russia

Global Forest Cover Change


How do we map eelgrass?


• Ground Sampling

• Underwater Photography

• Single Beam Echosounder

• Multibeam Sonar

• Bathymetric Lidar

• Aerial Photography

• Satellite Imagery

Eelgrass Mapping Technologies


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





Shag Harbor, NS. AGRG

Shag Harbor, NS. AGRG

Cocagne River. AGRG

Cocagne River. AGRG

Bucket

BootsDGPS


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





Eelgrass, Shag Harbor, NS. AGRG

Kelp, Shag Harbor, NS. AGRG

Cocagne River. AGRG

Cocagne River, October 18 2015. AGRG

Photo Quadrat


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





biosonicsinc.com

biosonicsinc.com

Transect

BioSonics DT-X


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





Cape John, NS. AGRG

Reson T-20

teledyne-reson.com

Multibeam Deployment, 2014. AGRG

English Moss

Reson T20


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





LEICA-AHAB CHIROPTERA II

Cross Section

Waveform

3d-View


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





Cocagne River NB, 2015. AGRG

NDPI


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





Abasolo, J (2015); DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2377300

Image Copyright © DigitalGlobe

WorldView 2



• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





ConfidenceCoverageEquipment

ExpenseOperational

ExpenseAdditional

BenefitOperational

Window

* More Expensive than Aerial Photography

Labour Intensive

Seamless Bathymetry for Hydrodynamic ModellingSun, Low

Clouds

Water Clarity

Direct Density MeasurementsWater Quality

Measurements


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





ConfidenceCoverageEquipment

ExpenseOperational

ExpenseAdditional

BenefitOperational

Window

Development

NSERC LEG/AGRG

Citizen Science

STANTEC/AGRG

SPACEX? Machine Learning


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





Sensor Depth

Eelgrass DepthTides

Too Shallow

Signal Loss

Water Clarity


• Ground Sampling



• Multibeam Sonar





Sensor Depth

Eelgrass DepthTidesWater Clarity

DevelopmentNoise

Reduction


With lidar.… (and other technologies)


Lidar Land Waveform

Lidar Water Waveform


Digital Elevation Model


Digital Surface Model


Digital Depth Model


Reflectance/Intensity Model


Vegetation Height Model


• ClearlyDefinedVegetation


• What if there were a water surface?

• Unequal Water Column Noise?

BATHYMETRIC SIMULATION


• What if noise reduction removed many valid vegetation returns?

Lidar Land Waveform

Lidar Water Waveform

BATHYMETRIC SIMULATION


• Photosynthesis

• Radiometric Absorption

• Diffuse attenuation coefficient

• Substrate dependence

• Carrying capacity

• Ecosystem health

• Sustainable aquaculture

• Height, density, presence

Optical Physics of Bathymetric Lidar

http://www.oceanopticsbook.info/

Biology

Physics

Remote Sensing

Society



Country Harbour, NS

Banook Lake, NS

TabusintacBay, NB

Saint Simone, NB

CocagneRiver, NB


TabusintacBay, NB


35.0 Km2

23.7 Km2


• Bottom Slope

Small Sample

Med Sample

Coarse Sample


• BottomRoughness or“Rugosity”

Low

Med

High


• LidarReflectanceIntensity

Signal Loss

Depth


• EelgrassDepth Curve

Contemporary Depth

Eelg

rass

P

rob

abili

ty

Contemporary Depth

Sign

al L

oss

C

om

pen

sati

on

Depth from HHWLT

Eelg

rass

P

rob

abili

ty


• Eelgrass Height Index Map


• Eelgrass Height Index Map – Photo Adjusted


• Eelgrass Presence / Absence product


• Eelgrass Height Index

• BiosonicsValidation Provided by Stantec


Height Index

Mea

sure

d



• Eelgrass Presence Validation Provided by AGRG/DFO

Mas Much As 86% Agreement?



• Biosonics % cover Provided by Stantec

Mas Much As 92% Agreement?


With lidar.… (and some air photos, and some ground truth, and some singlebeam)



CocagneRiver, NB


26.9 Km2

14.2 Km2


See, Aquaculture!



Country Harbour, NS


29.0 Km2


Saint Simone, NB


68.2 Km2

Shippagan, NB



Banook Lake, NS


2.0 Km2


Things to work onMAKE IT WORK MORE CONSISTENTLY • Noise Reduction in water column

• Depth Attenuation Compensation

• Airphoto Air/Water Correction

• Glint/Sun Angle Removal

• Wave Form Metric Extraction

• Extracting Additional points from lidar

• Many more …


Equipment Support provided by CFI, NSRIT

Mark Skinner, StantecMarc Ouellette, DFOMonique Niles, DFOAnders Ekelund, Leica AHAB

Thanks too..


topo-bathymetric lidar to support enhanced coastal mapping

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