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Cambridge Secondary 1 Science Topic BookTopic: The Earth and BeyondTopic code: P7b

Cambridge International Examinations Syllabus details

Pb The Earth and beyond (UK KS3: 7L and 9J) 7Pb1 Describe how the movement of the Earth causes the apparent daily and annual

movement of the sun and the stars. 7Pb2 Describe the relative position and movement of the planets and the sun in the solar

system. 7Pb3 Discuss the impact of the ideas and discoveries of Copernicus, Galileo and more recent

scientists. 7Pb4 Understand that the sun and other stars are sources of light and that planets and other

bodies are seen by reflected light. Where to find out more about this topic:

https://www.smashingscience.org/cie-secondary-1.html https://quizlet.com/_4yv17k

ContentsTopic: The Earth and Beyond.......................................................................................................................................1

Pb The Earth and beyond (UK KS3: 7L and 9J)..........................................................................................................1

Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth & beyond 28word Core Extravaganza!!!...........................................................................2

Fill in the missing words for each of these definitions.................................................................................................4

Fill in the missing definition for each of these keywords...........................................................................................18

Sec1 Sci P7b Info Summary Sheet Earth and beyond.................................................................................................19

Sec1 Sci P7b信息摘要表地球及其他.......................................................................................................................21

KS3 Sci P7B Past Exam Practice Questions 1st 39marks............................................................................................22

Mark Scheme.............................................................................................................................................................30

Chinese Translations (form Google Translate)...........................................................................................................33

GALILEO'S DRAWINGS AND WRITINGS ..............................................................................38

Patrick Brannac www. Smashing Science.org of 40

https://quizlet.com/_4yv17k

https://www.smashingscience.org/cie-secondary-1.html

http://www.SmashingScience.org/

MOON DRAWINGS.......................................................................................................................................38

SKETCHES OF FAINT STARS..................................................................................................................38

SKETCH OF JUPITER'S MOONS.............................................................................................................39

Mind maps about space 1..........................................................................................................................................40

Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth & beyond 28word Core Extravaganza!!!

# English Chinese Meaning in English Meaning in Chinese

1 Atmosphere 大气层 The layer of air above Earth's surface 地球表面以上的空气层

2 Big bang 大爆炸 The expansion of space which we believe started the Universe 我们相信宇宙开始扩张的空间

3 Billions 数十亿 A thousand million (1 000 000 000) 十亿（1 000 000 000）

4 Day 天 24 hours, the time it takes the Earth to spin once on its axis. 24小时，地球旋转一圈的时间。

5 Earth 地球 The planet we live on. 我们居住的星球。

6 Eclipse 蚀 The Sun or Moon is blocked from view on Earth 太阳或月球从地球上看不到

7 Equator 赤道 An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth. 围绕地球中部的一条想象线。

8 Galaxy 星系 Billions of stars grouped together. 数十亿颗恒星组合在一起。

9 Jupiter 木星 The largest outer planet made of gas, fifth from the Sun

最大的外星球是由太阳制成的第五颗行星

10 Light sources 光源 Objects that emit visible light, also called

luminous objects 发射可见光的物体，也称为发光物体

11 Milky way 银河 The galaxy that our Solar System is in. 我们的太阳系所在的星系。12 Million 百万 A thousand thousand (1 000 000) 一千一百（1 000 000）

13 Moon 月亮A moon is a large lump of rock orbiting around a planet. The Moon is the moon that orbits the Earth.

月亮是围绕着一颗行星环绕的大块岩石。月亮是绕地球运行的月球。

14 Orbit 轨道The path that a planet takes around the Sun, or the path that a moon or satellite takes around a planet.

行星在太阳附近的路径，或月球或卫星在行星周围的路径。

15 Planet 行星 Any very large body that orbits a star in a solar system

任何在太阳系中绕着恒星运行的非常大的物体

16 Pluto 冥王星

Used to be regarded as the ninth and last planet from the Sun; now called a dwarf planet together with others of the same size that are beyond its orbit

曾经被视为来自太阳的第九颗也是最后一颗行星;现在被称为一颗矮行星，以及超出其轨道的其他同样大小的行星

17 Poles, of earth

波兰人，地球

The north and south points of the Earth connected by its axis of tilt 地球的南北两点通过其倾斜轴相连

18 Saturn 土星 A large outer planet made of gas, sixth from the Sun

一个大的外星球，由太阳第六个气体组成

19 Seasons 四季 Changes in the climate during the year as the Earth moves around its orbit

随着地球在轨道上移动，一年中气候的变化

20 Solar system 太阳系 A star with planets and other objects

orbiting it. 星球上有行星和其他物体的轨道。

21 Star 星 A huge ball of gas that gives out heat and light energy. 一个巨大的气球，发出热量和光能。



# English Chinese Meaning in English Meaning in Chinese

22 Sun 太阳 The star that the Earth orbits around. 地球绕行的恒星。

23 Telescope 望远镜 A device made with lenses that allows distant objects to be seen clearly

用透镜制成的装置，可以清楚地看到远处的物体

24 Thousand 千 1 000 1 000

25 Universe 宇宙 All the galaxies and the space between them make up the Universe.

所有的星系和它们之间的空间构成了宇宙。

26 Uranus 天王星 A large outer planet made of gas, seventh from the Sun 一个巨大的外层行星，由太阳第七个

27 Venus 金星 A rocky inner planet, second from the Sun 一颗岩石般的内在行星，距太阳第二

28 Year 年The length of time it takes a planet to go around the Sun. One year on Earth is 365.24 days.

行星绕太阳行走的时间长度。地球上的一年 365.25天。

Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth and beyond 28word Core Word Search.pdf - Adobe Acrobat Pro

Fill in the missing words for each of these definitionsCircle the words you already knew and did not need to check on the front page



English Meaning in EnglishEquator An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth.

Sun The star that the Earth orbits around.

Star A huge ball of gas that gives out heat and light energy.

Jupiter The largest outer planet made of gas, fifth from the Sun

Day 24 hours, the time it takes the Earth to spin once on its axis.

Telescope A device made with lenses that allows distant objects to be seen clearly

Big bang The expansion of space which we believe started the Universe

Milky way The galaxy that our Solar System is in.

Atmosphere The layer of air above Earth's surface

Saturn A large outer planet made of gas, sixth from the Sun

Billions A thousand million (1 000 000 000)

Thousand 1 000

Venus A rocky inner planet, second from the Sun

Million A thousand thousand (1 000 000)

Poles, of earth The north and south points of the Earth connected by its axis of tilt

Galaxy Billions of stars grouped together.

Eclipse The Sun or Moon is blocked from view on Earth

Light sources Objects that emit visible light, also called luminous objects

Uranus A large outer planet made of gas, seventh from the Sun

Earth The planet we live on.

Moon A moon is a large lump of rock orbiting around a planet. The Moon is the moon that orbits the Earth.

Year The length of time it takes a planet to go around the Sun. One year on Earth is 365.25 days.

Planet Any very large body that orbits a star in a solar system

Seasons Changes in the climate during the year as the Earth moves around its orbit

Universe All the galaxies and the space between them make up the Universe.

Pluto Used to be regarded as the ninth and last planet from the Sun; now called a dwarf planet together with others of the same size that are beyond its orbit

Orbit The path that a planet takes around the Sun, or the path that a moon or satellite takes around a planet.

Solar system A star with planets and other objects orbiting it.

Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth and beyond 28word Core Matching Quizlet.pdf - Adobe Acrobat Pro



Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth and beyond 28word Core MCQ Quizlet.pdf - Adobe Acrobat Pro



Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth and beyond 28word Core True False Quizlet.pdf - Adobe Acrobat Pro



Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth and beyond 28word Core Wirtten Quizlet.pdf - Adobe Acrobat Pro



Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth and beyond 28word Core WrdCrmbl.pdf - Adobe Acrobat Pro



Sec1 Sci P7b WL The Earth and beyond 28word Core Xword.pdf - Adobe Acrobat Pro



Fill in the missing definition for each of these keywordsCircle the definitions you were able to write without checking the word list on the front page

# English Meaning in English25 Universe All the galaxies and the space between them make up the Universe.

4 Day 24 hours, the time it takes the Earth to spin once on its axis.

18 Saturn A large outer planet made of gas, sixth from the Sun

26 Uranus A large outer planet made of gas, seventh from the Sun

19 Seasons Changes in the climate during the year as the Earth moves around its orbit

27 Venus A rocky inner planet, second from the Sun

24 Thousand 1 000

5 Earth The planet we live on.

6 Eclipse The Sun or Moon is blocked from view on Earth

2 Big bang The expansion of space which we believe started the Universe

11 Milky way The galaxy that our Solar System is in.

15 Planet Any very large body that orbits a star in a solar system

21 Star A huge ball of gas that gives out heat and light energy.

8 Galaxy Billions of stars grouped together.

14 Orbit The path that a planet takes around the Sun, or the path that a moon or satellite takes around a planet.

13 Moon A moon is a large lump of rock orbiting around a planet. The Moon is the moon that orbits the Earth.

9 Jupiter The largest outer planet made of gas, fifth from the Sun

28 Year The length of time it takes a planet to go around the Sun. One year on Earth is 365.25 days.

12 Million A thousand thousand (1 000 000)

1 Atmosphere The layer of air above Earth's surface

17 Poles, of earth The north and south points of the Earth connected by its axis of tilt

20 Solar system A star with planets and other objects orbiting it.

16 Pluto Used to be regarded as the ninth and last planet from the Sun; now called a dwarf planet together with others of the same size that are beyond its orbit

23 Telescope A device made with lenses that allows distant objects to be seen clearly

10 Light sources Objects that emit visible light, also called luminous objects

3 Billions A thousand million (1 000 000 000)

7 Equator An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth.

22 Sun The star that the Earth orbits around.



Sec1 Sci P7b Info Summary Sheet Earth and beyondWe live on a planet called the Earth. The Earth gets heat and light from the Sun. The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours. The side of the Earth facing the Sun has daylight, and it is night on the side facing away from the Sun.

The Earth orbits around the Sun. It takes one year to go around once. A year is actually 365.25 days long, so every four years we have a leap year, when an extra day is added.

The Moon is a satellite of the Earth. It orbits the Earth once every 28 days. This is called a lunar month.

We can see the Moon because it reflects light from the Sun. The Moon seems to change shape during the month. The different shapes are called phases of the Moon. The phases happen because we cannot always see all of the part that is lit by the Sun.

Sometimes the Moon blocks the light from the Sun. When this happens we get a solar eclipse. If the Moon goes into the shadow of the Earth we get a lunar eclipse.

A solar eclipse. A lunar eclipse.



The Earth’s axis is tilted. When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun it is summer in the UK. Days are longer than nights, and the Sun is higher in the sky. The Sun’s rays are more concentrated, so it feels hotter.

There are nine planets orbiting the Sun, and lots of asteroids. Most of the planets have moons orbiting around them. The Sun, the planets and their moons, and the asteroids make up the Solar System.

The nine planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. You can remember the order of the planets using this sentence ‘My Very Easy Method Just Sums Up Nine Planets’.

Planets do not make their own light. We can sometimes see the planets because they reflect light from the Sun.

The Sun is a star. It is a ball of gas that gives out large amounts of heat and light energy. The Sun is like the stars you can see in the sky at night. The stars do not look very bright because they are a lot further away than the Sun. People often group stars into patterns called constellations.

The Sun is one of millions of stars in our galaxy, which is called the Milky Way. There are millions of galaxies in the Universe.

The stars are a very long way from Earth. Scientists measure distances to the stars using light years. A light year is the distance that light can travel in one year.



Sec1 Sci P7b信息摘要表地球及其他我们生活在一个叫做地球的星球上。地球从太阳获得热量和光。地球每 24小时旋转一次。面向太阳的地球一侧有日光，背靠太阳的一侧是夜晚。

地球围绕太阳运行。一年只需要一年时间。一年实际上是 365.25天，所以每四年我们有一个闰年，当增加一天。

月球是地球的卫星。它每 28天绕地球一圈。这被称为农历月。

我们可以看到月亮，因为它反射来自太阳的光。月亮似乎在月内改变了形状。不同的形状被称为月亮的阶段。这些阶段的发生是因为我们不能总是看到被太阳照亮的所有部分。

有时月亮阻挡来自太阳的光线。当发生这种情况时，我们会发生日食。如果月亮进入地球的阴影，我们就会发生月食。

日食。月食。

地球的轴是倾斜的。当北半球向太阳倾斜时，英国的夏天就是夏天。天比夜晚长，太阳在天空中更高。太阳的光线更集中，所以感觉更热。

绕太阳运行的行星有九颗，还有许多小行星。大多数行星都有围绕它们运行的卫星。太阳，行星及其卫星以及小行星构成了太阳系。

九个行星是水星，金星，地球，火星，木星，土星，天王星，海王星和冥王星。您可以使用这句话“我非常简单的方法总结九个行星”来记住行星的顺序。

行星不会发光。我们有时可以看到行星，因为它们反射来自太阳的光。

太阳是一颗星。它是一个气体球，释放出大量的热量和光能。太阳就像夜晚在天空中可以看到的星星。星星看起来不是很明亮，因为它们比太阳远得多。人们经常将星星分组为称为星座的模式。

太阳是我们银河系中数以百万计的恒星之一，被称为银河系。宇宙中有数百万个星系。

星星离地球很远。科学家使用光年来测量与恒星的距离。光年是光在一年内传播的距离。



KS3 Sci P7B Past Exam Practice Questions 1st 39marksQ# 1/ Q12

(d) The table below gives information about five planets.planet distance from the

Sun (million km)time for planet to orbitthe Sun (Earth-years)

Venus 110 0.6Earth 150 1.0Mars 230

Jupiter 780 12.0Saturn 1400 30.0

(i) Look at the information in the table. How does the time for a planet to orbit the Sun change with its distancefrom the Sun?

...............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Use information in the table to estimate the time for Mars to orbit the Sun.............. Earth-years

1 markQ# 2/ Q13

(b) The table below gives information about three of the planets in oursolar system.

planetaverage distance

from Sun(millions of km)

time for oneorbit

(Earth years)

Average surfacetemperature of planet

(ºC)Saturn 1427 30 –180Uranus 2870 84 –210Pluto 5900 248 –230

(i) The time for one orbit of the planet Neptune is 165 Earth years. Estimate the average distance of Neptune from the Sun.Use information in the table to help you.

......................... millions of km1 mark

(ii) How does the surface temperature of these planets vary withdistance from the Sun?Use information in the table to help you.

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(iii) Explain why the temperature varies with distance from the Sun inthis way.

.............................................................................................................1 mark

Q# 3/ Q14. (a) Alfie made a model of part of the solar system.He used metal balls for the Sun, the Moon and the planets.

• E goes around D.• B, C, D, F and G go around A.

Give the letter that is used to label:



(i) the model Sun;..............

1 mark(ii) the model Earth;

..............1 mark

(iii) the model Moon;..............

1 mark(iv) the model planet with the largest orbit.

..............1 mark

(b) The bar chart shows the force of gravity on eight of the planets.

(i) The gravity on Neptune is 12 N/kg. On the chart above, draw a bar for the planet Neptune.Use a ruler.

1 mark(ii) Give the name of a planet where you would weigh more than you weigh onEarth.

................................................................1 mark

(iii) On which planet would a spaceship need the largest force to take off?................................................................

1 mark



Q# 4/ Q3. (a) The diagram below shows the positions of the Sun, Moon and Earth during a solar eclipse.

Write numbers (1–4) on the diagram below to label the features during an eclipse.1. the Earth2. the Moon3. the Sun4. a region where the total eclipse of the Sun is taking place

not to scale2 marks

128Q# 5/ Q30 On 11th August 1999 there will be an eclipse. The shadow of the Moon will pass over part of the Earth.

(a) The diagram below shows the Moon, the Moon’s shadow and the Earth.

not to scale On the diagram, draw an arrow pointing towards where the Sun must be.

1 mark (c) The map shows the shape of the Moon’s shadow and the path it will take

across Cornwall.

The Moon’s shadow will take about 2 minutes to move across a house in Falmouth. It will take less than 2 minutes to move across a house in Padstow.



Explain why it will take less time for the Moon’s shadow to move across a house in Padstow than to move across one in Falmouth.......................................................................................................................

1 mark(d) Why does the Moon’s shadow move over the surface of the Earth?

......................................................................................................................1 mark

Q# 6/ Q4. The table below shows information about four planets.

planet time taken to orbit the Sun (Earth years)

distance from the Sun (million km)

Mercury 0.25 60Venus 0.5 108Earth 1.0 150Mars 2.0 228

The diagram below shows the orbits of the Earth, Mercury, Venus and Mars, and their position at one particular time.

The arrows show the direction in which the planets move.

not to scale

(a) Show the position of each planet six months later by drawing a letter X on the orbit of each planet.

2 marks(b) Use the information in the table to calculate the largest and smallest distance between

the Earth and Venus. closest ............................................ million km

1 mark furthest ............................................ million km

1 mark(c) The speed of light is 300 000 km/second.Calculate how long light takes to reach the Earth from the Sun.

..................................................................................................................... s1 mark

130Q# 7/ Q6. The table shows information about three planets in our solar system.



planet time taken to orbit theSun (Earth-years)

Mars 2.0Venus 0.6Earth 1.0

(a) Give one reason why Venus takes less time than Earth to orbit the Sun.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1 mark(b) The diagram below shows the orbits of Venus and Earth.The Sun is a source of light. Venus does not produce its own light.

not to scale

On the diagram above, draw rays of light to show how Venus can be seen fromEarth. Use a ruler.

1 mark Draw an arrow on each ray to show the direction of light.

1 mark



(c) The diagram below shows how the astronomer Ptolemy drew the solar system2000 years ago.

not to scale(i) The planets Uranus and Neptune are missing from his diagram. Suggest why Ptolemy did not include these planets in his diagram.

...............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Today we know the correct arrangement of the planets in our solar system. Give one way the diagram above is incorrect.Complete the sentence below.

In the correct arrangement ...................................................................1 mark

Q# 8/ Q7. The diagram below shows the Hubble telescope in orbit around the Earth.

not to scale(a) Which force keeps the telescope in orbit around the Earth?Tick the correct box.

air resistance friction

gravity magnetism 1 mark

(b) The Hubble telescope is a satellite used for looking at planets and stars. Give one other use of satellites.

........................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) Fill each of the gaps in the following sentences with a different word from the boxbelow.absorbs produces reflects

You can see the Sun because it .............................................. light.You can see a satellite because it ........................................... light.



1 mark(d) The bar chart shows the size of five planets compared to the size of Earth.

The planet Uranus is four times the size of Earth.On the chart above, draw a bar for the planet Uranus.

1 mark(e) (i) Arrange the following in order of size, starting with the smallest.

Sun Hubble telescope Earth....................................... ...................................... ..................................... smallest largest

1 mark(ii) Some stars are bigger than the Sun but they look smaller.Why do they look smaller than the Sun?Tick the correct box.

1 markmaximum 6 marks



Q# 9/ Q8. (a) Sita made a model of three parts of the solar system, the Sun, Earth and Moon.

She used a marble, a torch and a tennis ball. Draw a line from each part of the solar system to the object she used. Draw only three lines.

2 marks(b) The table below shows the order of some of the planets in our solar system. Complete the table to show the positions of the Earth, Neptune and the Sun.

Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus

2 marks(c) The diagram shows a satellite in orbit around the Earth.

not to scale(i) Give one use of a satellite.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................



(ii) Which force keeps the satellite in orbit around the Earth?Tick the correct box.

gravity friction

air resistance magnetism 2 marks

maximum 6 marks

Mark SchemeQ# 1/ M12. (d) (i) • the

greater the distanceaccept ‘it increases’ the

greater the time for one orbit

1 (L5)(ii) • an answer from 1.6 to 6 inclusive

1 (L6)(e)

award a mark for X marked

on the orbit within thetolerances shown

1 (L6)[7]

Q# 2/ M13. (b) (i) a number greater than 2870 and smaller than 5900

1 (L5)(ii) the further away the lower the

temperatureaccept the converseaccept ‘the further away the

colder it is’1 (L5)

(iii) any one from• planets further away receive less

energy or heataccept ‘light’ for energydo not accept ‘the Sun’s heat

cannot reach heatplanets that are far away’• energy from the Sun spreads outaccept ‘the Sun’s rays are

weaker or not as strong’‘the Sun is weaker’ is

insufficient• less heat reaches the planets that are

further away1 (L6)

[6]Q# 3/ M14. (a) (i) A

1 (L3)(ii) D

1 (L3)(iii) E

1 (L4)(iv) G

accept ‘Jupiter’1 (L4)

(b) (i) a bar drawn to 12 N/kgthe top of the bar must be in

the middle third between10 and 15

1 (L4)(ii) any one from• Jupiter• Saturn• Neptune

1 (L4)(iii) Jupiter

1 (L4)[7]

Q# 4/ M3. (a)

for all four numbers in the correct place, award two marks

for any two or three numbers in the correct place, award one mark

2 (L5)(b) any one from• 21st August• 22nd August• 23rd Augustaccept dates written in

another format1 (L5)

• 20171 (L5)

[4]Q# 5/ M30. (a) horizontal arrow

pointing to the leftthe arrow may be drawn

anywhere on the diagram

1 (L5) (c) any one from• the part of the shadow which passes

over Padstow is narrower• the part of the shadow which passes

over Falmouth is wider or bigger1 (L5)

(d) any one from



• the Moon moves around the Earth• the Earth spins on its axisaccept ‘the Earth turns or

rotates or goes round’do not accept ‘the Earth

moves around the Sun ‘or ‘the Earth moves’ or ‘the

Sun moves’1 (L5)

[4]Q# 6/ M4. (a)

for all four correct, award two marks

for any two or three correct, award one mark

accept a cross drawn that lies within the width

of the Sun for each planet, e.g.

2 (L7)(b) • 42accept ‘150-108’

1 (L7)• 258 accept ‘150+108’

1 (L7)(c) 500

accept or

accept ‘8.3 minutes’accept ‘about 8 minutes’

1 (L7)Q# 7/ M6. (a) any one froma comparative statement is

needed• Venus is nearer to the Sun‘it is closer’ is insufficient• the Sun’s gravity on Venus is greater• it travels faster• it has a smaller orbitaccept ‘it does not have as far

to go’1 (L5)

(b) • a straight line from the Sun to Venus and a straight

line from Venus to Earth1 (L6)

• arrows drawn on both rays in the correct direction

accept two discontinuous straight lines that touch the Sun,

Venus and the Earth

do not accept a line from the Sun which touches the Earth

1 (L6)(c) (i) any one from• they had not been discoveredaccept ‘he did not know they

existed’• they had not been seenaccept ‘they could not be

seen’do not accept ‘they did not

exist’‘they are too far away’ is

insufficient1 (L5)

(ii) any one from• the Earth is not at the centreanswers must refer to the

arrangementand not to missing planets• the planets do not go round the Earthor the planets orbit the Sun• the Earth goes round the Sun



• the Sun is in the middleaccept answers which give

the correct orderof the planets in the solar

system‘there are more planets’ is

insufficient 1 (L6)

[5]Q# 8/ M7. (a) • gravity if more than one box is ticked,

award no mark1 (L4)

(b) any one from• telecommunicationsaccept ‘communication’• television or TV• telephonesaccept ‘phone’ or ‘fax’• radio• weather• military or spy observations• land use observations• GPSaccept ‘navigation’• internet• monitoring or taking pictures of the

Earth‘looking at or taking pictures

of planets or starsor galaxies’ is insufficient as it

is given in the question1 (L4)

(c) • produces reflectsanswers must be in the

correct orderboth answers are required for

the mark1 (L4)

(d) • a bar drawn to 41 (L4)

(e) (i) • Hubble telescope Earth Sun

accept ‘Hubble’ or ‘telescope’ for Hubble telescope

answers must be in the correct order

all three answers are required for the mark

1 (L3)(ii) • They are further away than the

Sun

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L3)[6]

Q# 9/ M8. (a) •

if all three lines are correct, award two marks

if one or two lines are correct, award one mark

if more than one line is drawn from any part of the

solar system, award no credit for that part

2 (L3)(b) •Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn

Uranus Neptuneaward one mark for the Sun

in the correct positionaward one mark for both

Earth and Neptune in thecorrect positions

2 (L3)(c) (i) any one from• weather forecastingaccept ‘weather’• communicationsaccept ‘phone’ or ‘fax’• telescopes• global positioning systemaccept ‘GPS’• TV• spyingaccept ‘taking photographs’• internet

1 (L4)(ii) • gravity if more than one box is ticked,

award no mark1 (L4)

[6]



Chinese Translations (form Google Translate)Q＃1 / Q12（d）下表给出了有关五个行星的信息。行星距离太阳（百万公里）的行星到行星的轨道太阳（地球年）金星 110 0.6地球 150 1.0火星 230木星 780 12.0土星 1400 30.0 （i）查看表中的资料。太阳星球的运行时间如何随着距离的变化而变化从太阳？ ................................ ...........1标记（ii）使用表格中的信息来估计火星进入太阳轨道的时间。.....地球年1标记Q＃2 / Q13（b）下表给出了我们三个行星的信息太阳系。行星平均距离来自太阳（百万公里）时间为一轨道（地球年）平均面行星的温度（℃）土星 1427 30 -180天王星 2870 84 -210冥王星 5900 248 -230 （i）海王星的一个轨道的时间是 165年的地球年。估算海王星与太阳的平均距离。使用表格中的信息来帮助您。数百万公里1标记（ii）这些行星的表面温度如何变化距离太阳？使用表格中的信息来帮助您。 ................................ .........1标记（iii）解释为什么温度随着与太阳的距离而变化这条路。 ................................ .........1标记Q＃3 / Q14。（a）Alfie制作了太阳系的一部分模型。他用金属球为太阳，月球和行星。•E绕过 D.•B，C，D，F和 G绕过 A. 给出用于标记的字母：（i）太阳模型;..............1标记

（ii）地球模型;..............1标记（iii）模型月亮;..............1标记（iv）具有最大轨道的模型行星。..............1标记（b）条形图显示了八颗行星的重力。（i）海王星的重力为 12N / kg。在上面的图表上，为海王星行星绘制一个酒吧。使用尺子1标记（ii）给你一个称重的地球的名字，你的体重比你重地球。.................................................. ..............1标记（iii）宇宙飞船在哪个星球上需要最大的起飞力？.................................................. ..............1标记Q＃4 / Q3。（a）下图显示了日食中太阳，月球和地球的位置。在下图中编写数字（1-4），以便在日食期间标记功能。地球月亮太阳4.太阳总日食的地区不规模2分 128Q＃5 / Q30 1999年 8月 11日将有日食。月球的阴影将超过地球的一部分。（a）下图显示了月球，月球的阴影和地球。不规模在图表上，绘制一个指向 Sun所在的箭头。1标记（c）地图显示了月球阴影的形状及其在康沃尔郡的路径。月球的影子需要 2分钟的时间才能穿过法尔茅斯的一个房子。在 Padstow的一个房子内移动不到 2分钟。解释为什么月球的影子需要较少的时间来移动在Padstow的一个房子，而不是在法尔茅斯的一个房子。 ................................ ..................1标记（d）为什么月球的影子移动到地球表面？ ................................ ..................1标记Q＃6 / Q4。下表显示有关四个行星的信息。



行星时间被带到太阳（地球年）的距离太阳（百万公里）汞 0.25 60金星 0.5 108地球 1.0 150火星 2.0 228 下图显示了地球，水星，金星和火星的轨道及其在特定时间的位置。箭头显示行星移动的方向。不规模（a）六个月后，通过在每个星球的轨道上画一个字母 X，显示每个行星的位置。2分（b）使用表格中的信息来计算地球和金星之间最大和最小的距离。最近............................................百万公里1标记最远的............................................百万公里1标记（c）光速为 30万公里/秒。计算从太阳到达地球的光量。 ................................ .................1标记 130Q＃7 / Q6。该表显示了我们太阳系中三颗行星的信息。行星时间被带到轨道太阳（地球年）火星 2.0金星 0.6地球 1.0 （a）给出金星比地球少于太阳轨道的原因的一个原因。 ................................ .................... ................................ ....................1标记（b）下图显示了金星和地球的轨道。太阳是光源。金星没有自己的光。不规模在上图中，画出光线，以显示金星如何被看见地球。使用尺子1标记在每条射线上画一个箭头来显示光线的方向。1标记（c）下图显示了托勒密天文学家如何绘制太阳系2000年前。不规模（i）他的图中缺少行星天王星和海王星。建议为什么托勒密在他的图中不包括这些行星。 ................................ ...........1标记（ii）今天我们知道太阳系中行星的正确安排。给出一个方法上图是不正确的。完成下面的句子。

在正确的安排............................................. .....................1标记Q＃8 / Q7。下图显示了在地球轨道上的哈勃望远镜。不规模（a）哪个力使望远镜在地球周围轨道上？勾选正确的框。空气阻力摩擦重力磁力1标记（b）哈勃望远镜是用于查看行星和星星的卫星。给另一个使用卫星。 ................................ ....................1标记（c）填写下列句子中的每个空格，并在框中加上不同的单词下面。吸收产生反映你可以看到太阳，因为它........................................... ...光。因为它可以看到卫星...........................................光。1标记（d）条形图显示与地球大小相比的五个行星的大小。天王星行星是地球大小的四倍。在上面的图表上，为天王星行星绘制一个酒吧。1标记（e）（i）按照从小到大的顺序排列以下。太阳哈勃望远镜地球....................................... ........... ........................... ....................... .............. 最小最大1标记（二）有些星星大于太阳，但是它们看起来更小。为什么他们看起来比太阳小？勾选正确的框。1标记最多 6分Q＃9 / Q8。（a）Sita制作了太阳系三部分的模型，tQ＃9 / Q8。（a）西塔制造了太阳系，太阳，地球和月球三部分的模型。她用大理石，火炬和网球。从太阳系的每个部分画出一条线，使用它。只画三行。2分（b）下表列出了太阳系中某些行星的顺序。完成表格，以显示地球，海王星和太阳的位置。水星维纳斯火星木星土星天王星2分（c）该图显示了围绕地球轨道的卫星。不规模（i）使用卫星。 ................................ ............... ................................ ...............（ii）哪种力量使卫星在地球周围轨道运行？



勾选正确的框。重力摩擦空气阻力磁性2分最多 6分马克计划Q＃1 / M12。（d）（i）•距离越大接受“增加”一个轨道的时间越长1（L5）（ii）•从 1.6到 6的答案1（L6）（e）中奖励在该轨道上标记的 X的标记显示公差1（L6）[7]Q＃2 / M13。（b）（i）大于 2870及小于 5900的数字1（L5）（ii）越远越低温度接受相反接受'越远越冷'1（L5）（iii）任何一个•行星进一步接收较少的能量或热量接受'光'的能量不接受“太阳的热量不能达到热量遥远的行星•来自太阳的能量传播出来接受“太阳的光线比较弱”“太阳较弱”不够•较少的热量到达更远的行星1（L6）[6]Q＃3 / M14。（a）（i）A1（L3）（ii）D1（L3）（iii）E1（L4）（iv）G接受“木星”1（L4）（b）（i）拉拔至 12 N / kg的条酒吧的顶部必须在中间的三分之一10和 151（L4）（ii）任何一个• 木星•土星•海王星1（L4）（iii）木星1（L4）[7]Q＃4 / M3。（一个）对于所有四个数字在正确的地方，奖两个标记任何两三个数字在正确的地方，奖一个标记2（L5）

（b）任何一个•8月 21日•8月 22日•8月 23日接受以其他格式写的日期1（L5）•2017年1（L5）[4]Q＃5 / M30。（a）指向左侧的水平箭头箭头可以绘制在图表的任何地方1（L5）（c）任何一个•通过 Padstow的阴影部分较窄•通过法尔茅斯的阴影部分越来越大1（L5）（d）任何一个•月球在地球周围移动•地球在其轴上旋转接受“地球转动或转动”不接受“地球绕太阳移动”或“地球移动”或“太阳移动”1（L5）[4]Q＃6 / M4。（一个）对于所有四个正确，奖两个标记任何两三个正确，奖一个标记接受位于宽度范围内的交叉画的太阳对于每个行星，例如2（L7）（b）•42接受'150-108'1（L7）•258接受'150 + 108'1（L7）（c）500接受或接受'8.3分钟'接受'约 8分钟'1（L7）Q＃7 / M6。（a）任何一个需要一个比较的声明•金星更接近太阳“更接近”是不够的•太阳在金星上的重力更大•它行进更快•它有一个较小的轨道接受'它没有那么远'1（L5）（b）•从太阳到金星和直线的直线从金星到地球的线1（L6）•在正确方向上的两根光线上绘制的箭头接受触摸太阳的两条不连续的直线，金星和地球不要接受触及地球的太阳线1（L6）（c）（i）任何一个•他们没有被发现



接受'他不知道他们存在'•他们没有被看到接受'他们看不到'不接受'他们不存在'“他们太遥远”是不够的1（L5）（ii）任何一个•地球不在中心答案必须参考安排而不是丢失行星•行星不要绕地球或行星轨道太阳• 地球绕着太阳转•太阳在中间接受给出正确顺序的答案的行星在太阳系“有更多的行星”是不够的1（L6）[5]Q＃8 / M7。（a）•重力如果多于一个盒子被勾选，则不予标记1（L4）（b）任何一个•电讯接受“沟通”•电视或电视•电话接受'电话'或'传真'•收音机•天气•军事或间谍观察•土地利用观察• 全球定位系统接受'导航'• 互联网•监测或拍摄地球的照片看着或拍摄行星或星星或星系是不够的，因为它在问题中给出1（L4）（c）•生产反映答案必须在正确的顺序这两个答案都是标记所必需的1（L4）（d）•一个酒吧被吸引到 41（L4）（e）（i）•哈勃望远镜地球太阳为哈勃望远镜接受“哈勃望远镜”或“望远镜”答案必须在正确的顺序所有三个答案都是标记所必需的1（L3）（ii）•他们远离太阳如果多于一个盒子被勾选，则不予标记1（L3）[6]Q＃9 / M8。（一个） •如果所有的三行都是正确的，那就奖励两个标记如果一条或两条线是正确的，请给予一个标记如果从任何部分抽出多条线太阳能系统，这个部分没有信用

2（L3）（b）•太阳水星金星地球火星木星土星天王星海王星奖励太阳的一个标志在正确的位置奖励地球和海王星的一个标记正确的位置2（L3）（c）（i）任何一个• 天气预报接受'天气'•通讯接受'电话'或'传真'•望远镜• 全球定位系统接受'GPS'•电视•间谍接受“拍照”• 互联网（ii）•重力如果多于一个盒子被勾选，则不予标记



Name

Extension task Expanding your mind using the P7b Earth and Beyond TopicUse the information below to create a 2 to 3 minute power point presentation, or poster, to explain something that really interests you about this topic. To to include colourful pictures and lots of details. Explaining one thing clearly is much better than just stating many facts. Ask a science teacher for help if you want more information about how to do a great presentation, or about the idea you are interested in.

Extra information to help you get ideas is available here:Chinese National Space Administrationhttp://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6443408/index.html

Pictures from China’s space program: http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6443408/n6465652/n6465659/index.html

Other websites:For kids: https://www.nasa.gov/kidsclub/index.html

Amazing pictures:

From Nasa: https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/iotd.html

From the Hubble telescope: http://hubblesite.org/

Simple WikipediaThis uses simpler English words in its articles. It is still run by the same non-profit foundation as Wikipedia, but you might find it easier to read

Homepage is: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Examples:

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

Sometimes fascinating videos: Nasa: https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html

European Space Agency:: https://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos

For up to date news on science in generalFor interested but less able students: https://www.dogonews.com/category/science

For more able students: https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/

For the most interested and ablest students:https://www.wired.com/story/astronomers-have-found-the-universes-missing-matter/

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/universe-scale-topic/cosmos-time-scale-tutorial/v/cosmological-time-scale-1

BBC Bitesize - you may not be able to access all of the content in some parts of the world, but the notes here about space are at the iGCSE level and are excellent: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/topics/zsbyh39



https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/topics/zsbyh39



https://www.wired.com/story/astronomers-have-found-the-universes-missing-matter/

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/

https://www.dogonews.com/category/science

https://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos

https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://hubblesite.org/

https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/iotd.html

https://www.nasa.gov/kidsclub/index.html

http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6443408/n6465652/n6465659/index.html

http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6443408/index.html

Here are two ways of going beyond, below is what we know now. The article after is one step of the millions needed helping to explain how we got to where our understanding of the cosmos is now.



GALILEO'S DRAWINGS AND WRITINGSMOON DRAWINGS

Drawings of the moon as seen with Galileo's telescope. By his own account, Galileo first observed the Moon on November 30, 1609. Comparing patterns of light and shadow in the vicinity of the terminator (dividing line between light and shadow) at first and third quarter, Galileo could argue convincingly that there exists mountains and valleys on the lunar surface. Aristotelian doctrine stipulated that celestial bodies were perfectly smooth and spherical. Drawing reproduced from Galileo's 1610 Sidereus Nuncius.

The first telescopic observations of the Moon on record were carried out by the English man Thomas Harriot (ca. 1560-1621), on the evening of July 26, 1609. However, based on his extant correspondence, as well as entries in his notebooks, as in the case of sunspots, Harriot did not appear to have drawn any particular physical significance from what he saw.

Bibliography:Galileo, G. 1610, Sidereus Nuncius, trans. A. Van Helden 1989, The University of Chicago Press.Whitaker, E.A. 1978, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 9, 155-169.

SKETCHES OF FAINT STARS

Sketches of faint stars in the Orion constellation, as seen by Galileo through his telescope. The larger stars with a central dots are those visible to the naked eye, with the topmost three corresponding to the so-called beltof Orion. That the universe contained many more stars than previously known gave moral support to the idea that it may also be a lot larger than assumed up to then. This idea had been advanced by Nicolaus Copernicus himself, as a possible explanation for the lack of observed annual parallax in the fixed stars. Reproduced from Galileo's 1610 Sidereus Nuncius.



https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/Education/FamousSolarPhysicists/nicolaus-copernicus-1473-1543

https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/Education/FamousSolarPhysicists/thomas-harriot-1560-1621

https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/images/education/physicists/moon.gif

https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/images/education/physicists/galileo_orion.gif

Bibliography:Galileo, G. 1610, Sidereus Nuncius, trans. A. Van Helden 1989,The University of Chicago Press.

SKETCH OF JUPITER'S MOONS

Sketches of the four moons of Jupiter, as seen by Galileo through his telescope. What he saw are the four larger moons of Jupiter, now known as Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. The drawing depicts observations from the time period January 7 to 24, 1610. Galileo had considerable difficulty in recognizing the true meaning of what he was seeing; Callisto often layout side the (restricted) field of view of his telescope, Io often lost in Jupiter's glare, and some moon occasionally disappeared in Jupiter's shadow or behind or in front of the planet itself.

Galileo named the moons Medicean Stars, after the ruling Florentine family Medici. This was a move calculated to improve his chances of moving back to Florence, and it succeeded. The names used today were coined by Simon Mayr (1573-1624), who for a time claimed priority on their discovery.

Bibliography:Debarbat, S., and Wilson, C. 1989, The Galilean satellites of Jupiter from Galileo to Cassini, Roemer and Bradley, in The General History of Astronomy, vol. 2A, eds. R. Taton and C. Wilson, Cambridge University Press, pps. 144-157.



https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/images/education/physicists/galileo_jupiter.gif

topic: the earth and beyond - … · web viewsec1 sci p7b wl the earth and beyond 28word core word...

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