topic 5: ecology and evolution
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Topic 5: Ecology and evolution. 5.1 Communities and ecosystems. Autotrophs vs hetertrophs. What do these words mean? Give examples of organisms from each group. detritivores. Ingests and then digest dead organic matter Eg . Earthworms, woodlouse. saprotroph. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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TOPIC 5: ECOLOGY AND
EVOLUTION5.1 Communities and ecosystems
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AUTOTROPHS VS HETERTROPHS What do these words mean? Give examples of organisms from each
group.
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DETRITIVORES Ingests and then digest dead organic
matter Eg. Earthworms, woodlouse
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SAPROTROPH An organism that lives in or on non-
living organic matter They secrete digestive enzymes into it
and absorb the products of digestion Digest first, then absorb Nature’s recylers – recycle nutrients Heterotrophs
Eg. Fungi, bacteria
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CONSUMER An organism that ingests other organic
matter that is living or recently killed Heterotrophs
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FOOD CHAINS Show the flow of energy
through the trophic levels of a feeding relationship
Trophic level: feeding position of an organism in food chain
Each organism feeds on the organism before it
Arrows point towards the consumer Indicate the direction of
energy and nutrient flow
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WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS?
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CHALLENGE Group A: Create a food chain with three
linkages (four organisms) from a desert ecosystem
Group B: Create a food chain with three linkages (four organisms) from a grassland ecosystem
Draw on the whiteboard. Now lets label it together as a class.
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FOOD CHAIN EXAMPLES
Tertiary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary consumers
Producers
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CHALLENGE
Can you pick out a 3 step food chain and a 4 step food chain?
Can you find two organisms that fit into more than one trophic level?
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FOOD WEB Shows complex feeding relationships
showing interacting food chains
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CHALLENGE ANSWERS
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ENERGY Light is the initial source of energy for
almost all communities This comes from the SUN
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ENERGY FLOW Energy flows through food chains, but
some (90%) is lost between each trophic level
Loss is due to:Material not consumedMaterial not assimilatedHeat loss through cellular respiration
Nutrients are recycled
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ENERGY PYRAMIDS Show the flow of energy between trophic
levels Never 100% efficient, around 90% loss The width of the bars is proportional to the
energy in that tropic levelOnly approx. 10% of energy is passed on to the next trophic level.
Unit = kJ m-2 y-1
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HOMEWORK DBQ pg. 169 Working with data pg. 170