Topic 10 Intro to IOTopic 10 Intro to IOEnabling Objectives10.1 STATE the definition of Information Operations (IO).10.2 LIST five (5) Core Information Operations capabilities. 10.3 LIST five (5) Supporting Information Operations capabilities.10.4 IDENTIFY the three (3) related capabilities of Information Operations.

Information OperationsInformation operations (IO) are described as the integrated employment of :Electronic Warfare (EW)Computer Network Operations (CNO)Psychological Operations (PSYOP)Military Deception (MILDEC)Operations Security (OPSEC)

In concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp adversarial human and automated decision making while protecting our own.

Electronic Warfare

• Electronic Attack (EA)

• Electronic Protect (EP)

• Electronic Support (ES)

Electronic Attack (EA)

Types Of Nondestructive EA– Jamming– Deception

Electromagnetic Deception

Manipulative Electronic Deception (MED)

Simulative Electronic Deception (SED)

Imitative Electronic Deception (IED)

Electronic Protection (EP)

• Action taken to protect the friendly use of the spectrum, associated personnel, equipment and facilities

• Deny the enemy effective use of electronic warfare capabilities

• Ensure friendly electronic warfare operations will not disturb friendly combat capabilities

Electronic Protection

Two Types Of EP Measures:

– Protective - Measures taken during training, planning, and the establishment of communications and non-communication electronic systems

– Remedial - Those measures taken when friendly assets are the subject of enemy electronic warfare operations of any kind

Electronic Support (ES)

• Tasked by or under the control of the operational commander

• Search for, locate, identify and intercept radiated energy

• Immediate threat recognition, targeting and avoidance

Computer Network Operations

Computer Network Attack

Computer Network Defense

Computer Network Exploitation

Psychological Operations

• The Use of Mass Media to Convey Selected Information and Indicators to Foreign Audiences, to Influence Emotions, Motives, Objective Reasoning and Ultimately the Behavior of the Local Populace Towards US Forces

PSYOP Core Competencies

Marketing

Radio & TVLoudspeakers& Meetings

PrintPresses

LanguageProficiency

SocialPSYCH

Country&

RegionFamiliarization

Pre & PostTesting

Analysis&

Planning

PSYOP Capabilities

• Amplify Effects of Operations• Inform Various Audiences• Target Enemy Morale and Will• Sustain Friendly Morale• Exploit Differences• Offer Alternative to Conflict• Influence Local Support• Support Deception• Project Favorable U.S. Image

PSYOP Limitations

• Time • Opponent Ability to Counter• Target Audience Info• Evaluation and Feedback• Coordination• Qualified PSYOP Personnel• ROE and Legal Constraints• Accessibility of Target• Measures of Effectiveness• 2nd, 3rd, 4th Order Effects

Levels of PSYOP

• Strategic

• Operational

• Tactical

Public Affairs And Psychological Operations

INFLUENCESCREDIBLEPRECISE TARGETINGPROVIDES SELECTED INFORMATIONUSUALLY CONTROLS MEANS OF TRANSMISSION

GOAL: ACHIEVE DESIRED AUDIENCE BEHAVIOR

INFORMSFACTUALBROAD FOCUSPROVIDES ALL INFORMATION SECURITY PERMITSDOES NOT CONTROL MEANS OF TRANSMISSION

GOAL: AUDIENCE MAKES INFORMED DECISIONS

PSYCHOLOGICAL PUBLIC AFFAIRS

Military Deception

• Actions Taken to Mislead the Enemy, Causing Them to Derive and Accept Friendly Intentions.

Key Terms

• Deception Objective• Deception Target• Desired Perception• Deception Story• Deception Means

• Deception Course of Action (COA)

• Deception Event• Deception Actions

Feints

• Involves Actual Contact

• Not main Effort/Assault

Demonstration

Displays

• Simulations – Dummy Equipment

• Disguises – Truck=Tank

• Portrayals – Infantry=Artillery

Ruses

• “Trick of War”

• Deliberate Placing of False Information

Civil and Public Affairs

• Civil Affairs - conducted to gain maximum support for US forces from the civilian population

• Public Affairs – will not intentionally target or mislead the US public

1600+ News media in Saudi to report Desert Shield/Storm the war.

Amazing... they keep coming...planeload after planeload

Yeah... andthose are justthe reporters

THE MILITARY VIEWPOINT Media as a Logistical Burden

THE MEDIA VIEWPOINTMilitary as Censors

Nope,AmericanMedia

We beentold to guardIraqiP.O.W.s?

Public Affairs Contributes to Ops

In many cases, the ability of public affairs to inject a well-timed truth into the equation can have as significant an impact upon an adversary as a detailed deception plan.

A CONCEPT FOR INFORMATION OPERATIONS

Operations Security

The Process of Denying Enemy Information About Friendly Capabilities

and Intentions by Identifying, Controlling and Protecting Indicators

Associated With Planning and Conducting Military Operations

Supporting Capabilities

• Information Assurance (IA)

• Physical Security

• Physical Attack

• Counterintelligence (CI)

• Combat Camera (COMCAM)

Related Capabilities

• Public Affairs (PA)

• Civil-Military Operations (CMO)

• Defense Support to Public Diplomacy (DSPD)