topic 1 the particulate nature of matter
TRANSCRIPT
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Topic 1
The Particulate Nature of
Matter
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Learning Outcomes
1. Describe the concept of matter.
2. Identify the properties of the three states of matter.
3. Describe the states of matter and the kinetic
particle theory.
4. Discuss the changes of states using appropriate
examples and activities.
5. xplain the formation of cloud and rain.!. "onduct appropriate investigations to explain the
changes of states of matter.
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Whats the chemistry?
"hemistry is the science that describes matter#
its properties$ the changes it undergoes$ and the
energy changes that accompany those
processes.
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1.1 WHAT ! MATT"#?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies
space.
%ass & %easure of the 'uantity of matter
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1.$ !TAT"! O% MATT"#
(olid )i'uid *as
%atter can be classified into three states+
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1.& P#OP"#T"! O% MATT"#
(olid$ li'uid and gas have different physicalproperties..
Physical properties& are characteristics that donot change the identity and composition of the
substance, colour$ density$ hardness$ melting
point$ boiling point
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Physical ' (hemical Properties
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-s ater is converted from one state to another$its composition is constant.
Physical Properties
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Physical Properties
- comparison of some physical properties of the three
states of matter+
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Physical Properties
- comparison of some physical properties of the three
states of matter+
Properties !oli) Li*ui) +asRigidity /igid 0los and
assumes shapeof container
0ills anycontainer
completely
Expansion onheating
(light (light xpandsinfinitely
Compressibility (light (light asilycompressed
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1., !TAT" O% MATT"# '
-N"T( PA#T(L" T"O#
he kinetic particle theory of matter+
1. -ll matter is made up of tiny particles that are too small tobe seen.
2. here are spacesbeteen the particles.
3. here are attracti/e forces beteen the particles. heweakerthese forces are$ the further apart are the particles.
4. he particles are alays moving.
5. -t high temperature$ the particles mo/e faster than they doat lo temperature.
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Three !tates of Matter
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Three !tates of Matter
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Three !tates of Matter
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0iffusion
he kinetic particle theory can also be used to
explain the process of )iffusion& gradual mixing
of substances.
How perfume diffuses?
hen the lid is taken off$ the li'uid perfume evaporates easily.
(ince there are only eak forces beteen the particles$ they
can spread out$ moving aay from the croded bottle to
places here there are feer particles of perfume.
ventually$ the particles spread evenly throughout the air in
the room.
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0iffusion
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1. (HAN+"! O% !TAT" O%
MATT"#
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1. (HAN+"! O% !TAT" O%
MATT"#
Physical Processes (hange of states (hange of energy
%elting (olid )i'uid -bsorbed
0reeing )i'uid (olid /eleased
vaporation )i'uid *as -bsorbed
"ondensation *as )i'uid /eleased
(ublimation (olid *as -bsorbed
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1.2 (LO30 ' #AN %O#MATON
he kinetic particle theory of matter+
1. -ll matter is made up of tiny particles that are too small tobe seen.
2. here are spacesbeteen the particles.
3. here are attracti/e forces beteen the particles. heweakerthese forces are$ the further apart are the particles.
4. he particles are alays moving.
5. -t high temperature$ the particles mo/e faster than they doat lo temperature.
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1.2 (LO30 ' #AN %O#MATON
The formation of clou)
he formation of clouds involved condensation
and evaporation.
"ondensation occurs hen ater vapour gas in
the air changes into li'uid due to cooling.
hese ater droplets are formed hen ater
vapour condenses around a condensation centre
& a tiny particle of smoke$ dust$ ash or salt.
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1.2 (LO30 ' #AN %O#MATON
The formation of clou)
6isible clouds are tiny ater droplets suspended
in the air.
"louds float in the air and are moved by the
ind.
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1.2 (LO30 ' #AN %O#MATON
The formation of rain
/ainis li'uid ater that falls from clouds.
/ain occurs hen the ater droplets in a cloudget too heavy to stay suspended in the sky and
so fall due to gravity.
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1.2 (LO30 ' #AN %O#MATON
The formation of rain
In a super&cooled atmosphere$ ater droplets
and ice crystals in a cloud interact to produce
more ice crystals.
7oever$ these crystals from the cloud ill melt
as they fall. 8therise$ hail can happen. 9ut this
rarely occurs.