TOP 10 INVENTIONS

THE TELEPHONE

The telephone is an instrument that converts voce and sound signa ls into electrical impulses for transmission by wire to a different location, where a no ther telephone receives the electrical impulses and turns them ba ckinto recognizable sounds . In 1875, Alexander Graha m Be ll built the firs t te le pho ne that transmitted e le ctrically the human voice.

THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

There are many major miles tones in the history o f computers , starting w ith 1936, w he n Ko nra d Zuse built the firs t fre e ly pro gra mmable computer.

TELEVISIONIn 1884, P a ul Nipko w s e nt ima ge s o ve r w ire s us ing a ro ta ting me ta l dis k te chno lo gy w ith 18 line s o f re s o lutio n. Te le vis io n the n e vo lve d a lo ng tw o pa ths , me cha nica l ba s e d o n Nipko w 's ro ta ting dis ks , a nd e le ctro nic ba s e d o n the ca tho de ra y tube . Ame rica n Cha rle s Je nkins a nd Sco ts ma n Jo hn Ba ird fo llo w e d the me cha nica l mo de l w hile P hilo Fa rns w o rth, w o rking inde pe nde ntly in Sa n Fra ncis co , a nd Rus s ia n é migré Vla dimir Zw o rkin, w o rking for W es tingho us e a nd la te r RCA, a dva nce d the e le ctro nic mo de l.

THE AUTOMOBILE

In 1769, the ve ry firs t s e lf-pro pe lle d ro a d ve hicle w a s inve nte d by Fre nch me cha nic, Nico la s Jo s e ph Cugno t. Ho w e ve r, it w a s a s te a m-po w e re d mo de l. In 1885, Ka rl Be nz de s igne d a nd built the w o rld's firs t pra ctica l a utomo bile to be po w e re d by a n inte rna l-combus tio n e ngine . In 1885, Go ttlie b Da imle r took the internal combustion engine as te p furthe r a nd pa te nte d w ha t is ge ne ra lly re co gniz e d a s the pro to type o f the mo de rn ga s e ngine a nd la te r built the w o rld's firs t fo ur-w he e le d mo to r ve hicle .

THE COTTON GIN

Eli W hitne y pa te nte d the co tto n gin o n Ma rch 14, 1794. The co tto n gin is a ma chine that s e pa ra te s s e e ds , hulls and o the r unwanted materials from cotton after it has bee n picked.

T H E C A M E R A

In 1814, Jo s e ph Nicé pho re Nié pce cre a te d the firs t pho to gra phic ima ge w ith a ca me ra o bs cura , ho w e ve r, the ima ge re quire d e ight ho urs o f light exposure and laterfaded. Lo uis -Ja cque s -Ma ndé Da gue rre is co ns ide re d the inventor of the fir t practical process o f pho to gra phy in 1837.

THE STEAM ENGINE

Thoma s Sa ve ry w a s a n Englis h milita ry e ngine e r a nd inve nto r w ho in 1698, pa te nte d the firs t crude s te a m e ngine . Thoma s Ne w come n inve nte d the a tmo s phe ric s te a m e ngine in 1712. Ja me s W a tt impro ve d Ne w come n's de s ign a nd inve nte d w ha t is co ns ide re d the firs t mo de rn s te a m e ngine in 1765.

THE SEWING MACHINE

The firs t functio na l s e w ing ma chine w a s inve nte d by the Fre nch ta ilo r, Ba rthe le my Thimo nnie r, in 1830. In 1834, W a lte r Hunt built Ame rica 's firs t (s ome w ha t) s ucce s s ful s e w ing ma chine . Elia s Ho w e pa te nte d the firs t lo cks titch s e w ing ma chine in 1846. Is a a c Singe r inve nte d the up-a nd-do w nmo tio n me cha nis m. In 1857, Ja me s Gibbs pa te nte d the firs t cha in-s titch s ingle -thre a d s e w ing ma chine . He le n Augus ta

Bla ncha rd pa te nte d the firs t z ig-z a g s titch ma chine in 1873.

THE LIGHT BULB

Contrary to popular be lie f, Thomas Alva Edis o n didn't "inve nt" the light bulb, but ra the r he impro ve d upo n a 50-ye a r-o ld ide a . In 1809, Humphry Da vy,

a n Englis h che mis t, inve nte d the firs t e le ctric light. In 1878, Sir Jo s e ph W ils o n Sw a n, a n Englis h phys icis t, w a s the firs t pe rs o n to inve nt a pra ctica l a nd

lo nge r-la s ting e le ctic lightbulb (13.5 ho urs ) w ith a ca rbo n fibe r fila me nt. In 1879, Thoma s Alva Edis o n inve nte d a ca rbo n fila me nt tha t burne d fo r fo rty

ho urs .

PENICILLIN

Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Andrew Moyer patented the fir t method of industri l production of pe nicillin in 1948.

COLEGIO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNÓLOGICOS DEL ESTADO DE PUEBLA

INGLÉS IV

SMEC4A

LIC. DANIEL HERNÁNDEZ ARROYO

ANGÉLICA LIZETH PORTILLA MÁRQUEZ

N.L.24