tooth transplantation. a viable alternative endodontic treatment or extraction ? fixed or removable...
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Tooth Transplantation
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Tooth Transplantation
• a viable alternative
• endodontic treatment or extraction ?
• fixed or removable prosthetic treatment is not ideal treatment in adolescent
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Why tooth transplantation Why tooth transplantation is successful?is successful?
Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
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Tooth transplantationTooth transplantation
1.1. Autogenous transplantationAutogenous transplantation
2.2. Allogeneic transplantationAllogeneic transplantation
3.3. Isogeneic transplantationIsogeneic transplantation
4.4. Xenegeneic transplantationXenegeneic transplantation
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Tooth Tooth autotransplantationautotransplantation
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1. Sufficient crown space and alveolar bone
2. No periapical or periodontal inflammation
3. Proximity of the transplant to the socket wall to assure rapid organization of the clot between the alveolar bone and the tooth
4. Excellent oral hygiene, low caries index
IndicationIndication
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Tooth autotransplantationTooth autotransplantation
1. Transplantation from one region to another
2. Transalveolar transplantation
Sagne S. : Autotransplantation of teeth Int Dent J. 1985 : 35 , 280-283
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Transplantation from one Transplantation from one legion to anotherlegion to another
1. Transplant from lower 3rd molar to lower 1st molar
2. Transplant from upper 3rd molar to upper 1st molar
3. Transplant from lower premolar to upper premolar or upper premolar to lower premolar
4. Transplant from premolar to upper central incisor
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Transplant from Transplant from lower 3lower 3rdrd molar to molar to
lower 1lower 1stst molar molar
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Transplant from lowerTransplant from lower33rdrd molar to lower 1 molar to lower 1stst molar molar
Most reported cases of autotransplantation
1. a result of caries the first molar is frequently missing or removal in adolescents
2. Developing third molars are usually available in adolescents
3. In a majority of case the rate of success is well over 95%* for an extended period of time
*Andreasen et al. 1992
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Indication Indication for for 33rdrd molar to 1 molar to 1stst molar molar
1. Appropriate candidates are adolescent patients ( 13 to 20 years )
2. Recent lost or about to lose a permanent first molar
3. A suitable third molar
• The roots on the donor tooth developed to the point of bifurcation ( should be equal to approximately 3 -4 mm in root length )
• A fully formed crown
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Indication Indication for for 33rdrd molar to 1 molar to 1stst molar molar
3. A suitable third molar
• Complete enamel calcification coincides closely with development of the bifurcation
• The third molar should be no larger than the first molar it is replacing
• Slight of third molar to make it a suitable size is acceptable
• During instrumentation in the removal of the donor tooth, the vulnerable tooth buds are avoided
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
1.Mobilization of the transplant
• A mucoperiosteal flap prepared by a sulcular incision from the mesial of second premolar to the distal of second molar then extending distolaterally and no vertical incision, assuring an excellent blood supply
• It is important that the flap design allow both adequate surgical field and blood supply
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
• The impacted third molar is carefully exposed , avoiding any contact of bone-cutting instruments with the tooth, grasping the crown with forceps avoid trauma to the root sac
1.Mobilization of the transplant
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
• The tooth is then luxated, elevated from its position and gently returned to its position or maintained in its socket
• Leaving the donor tooth in the socket after luxation will allow it to continue to receive nutrients and be hydrate while the host site is being preparation
1.Mobilization of the transplant
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2. Preparation of the host site
• The first molar and interradicular bone are carefully removed
• Amount of cortical bone removed is critical, if an injudicious amount of bone is removed , there will not be an adequate bone support
Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
2. Preparation of the host site
• The required amount of bone can be estimated by radiograph
• Irrigate and inspected for debris before a trial positioning of the transplant
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
3. Transplantation and stabilization
• The third molar is carried forward to new socket
• The area of resistance is relieved before seating the third molar
• The transplant may be stripped to seating but the roots of the transplantation should not be scraped or filed
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
3. Transplantation and stabilization
• The occlusion should be carefully examined to be certain that the opposing teeth will not exert pressure on the transplant
• avoid premature contact
• Infraocclusion about 2 – 3 mm
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• Mucoperiosteal flap is repositioned and suture
• The transplant is splinted in position using 0.14 gauge stainless steel wire
• The wire ligation technique used can be figure eight or circumferential technique
3. Transplantation and stabilization
Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
3. Transplantation and stabilization
• Additional stabilization of the transplant can be achieved by gently packing periodontal surgical dressing such as Coe-Pak around the transplant and adjacent teeth
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Postoperative care and Postoperative care and follow-upfollow-up
• Postoperative instructions are the same as those given following extraction of impacted teeth
• After surgery
1 day : the tooth has retained its new position
: periodontal pack still in good position
: swelling is within acceptable levels
7 days : stitch off
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Postoperative care and Postoperative care and follow-upfollow-up
• The patient should be seen at weekly intervals
• At the end of a month the transplant may still be slightly mobile, but splinting can be removed
• Follow-up every month within 6 months
every 3 month within 2 years
every year
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Postoperative care and Postoperative care and follow-upfollow-up
• At each visit should be checked
− The stability of the transplant
− Sulcular depth
− Gingival recession
− Vitality test
− Occlusion
− Root formation, thickness of periodontal ligament, root resorption in radiograph
− Oral hygiene
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PrecautionsPrecautions
The precaution that help ensure successful autogenous transplantation are the following :
1. Root development of donor tooth is between 1/3 to 1/2 of the total root
2. Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath is not injured during surgery
3. The host site is prepared to avoid injury to the epithelial root sheath
4. The patient should be healthy with adequate oral hygiene
5. Pulpy foods that might pack into the cervicular space should be avoided
6. The patient should consider the procedure important, keep operative site clean and avoid trauma from occlusion
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Transplantation from one Transplantation from one legion to anotherlegion to another
1. Transplant from lower 3rd molar to lower 1st molar
2. Transplant from upper 3rd molar to upper 1st molar
3. Transplant from lower premolar to upper premolar or upper premolar to lower premolar
4. Transplant from premolar to upper central incisor
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Transplant from Transplant from premolar to premolar to
upper central incisorupper central incisor
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Transplant from premolar Transplant from premolar to to
upper central incisorupper central incisor
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
The treatment plan is to transplant a maxillary second premolar to the maxillary central incisor which is to be removed due to root resorption
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
The maxillary central incisor is extracted
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
The socket is enlarged with surgical bur
The socket is expanded palatally , then rinse with saline
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
Testing the size of socket by a glass replica of a premolar
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
Removing maxillary second premolar using gentle luxation movement
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
Repositioning of the transplant, it is placed 45◦ rotate in order to achieve sufficient cervical width
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
Splint the transplant with 0.20 mm stainless steel wire
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Surgical techniqueSurgical technique
Complete treatment, after grinding and restore with crown
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SummarySummary
Although it is not possible to perform tooth autotransplantation in
all patients with nonrestorable molars, it may be a viable alternative in some
instance
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ReferenceReferenceBowden David E. J. et al : Autotransplantation of premolar teeth to replace missing maxillary central incisor, British Journal of orthodontics, Vol. 17, 1990
Munksgaard : Text book and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth, 1994
Plainfield S. et al : A viable alternative : Tooth transplantation, Journal of Prosthodontics, Vol. 50, 1983
Robison J. Peter and Grossman I. Louis : Tooth Transplantation, Clinical transplantation in dental specialties
Smith J. J. et al : Successful Autotransplantation, Journal of Endodontics, Vol.13, 2, 1987