11/13/13 Tony Garnier (architect) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Main entrance to Halle Tony Garnier in Lyon

Tony Garnier (architect)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This page is for the architect. For the musician

see Tony Garnier (musician)

Tony Garnier (August 13, 1869 Lyon – January 19,1948, Roquefort-la-Bédoule, France) was a noted architectand city planner. He was most active in his hometown ofLyon. Garnier is considered the forerunner of 20th centuryFrench architects.

Contents

1 Biography

2 Selected projects

3 Publications

4 References5 External links

Biography

After learning painting and drafting at the École Technique de la Martinière in Lyon (1883-86), Garnier studiedarchitecture at the École nationale des beaux-arts de Lyon (1886-89) and the École nationale supérieure desBeaux-Arts in Paris (1890-99). In 1899 he won the Prix de Rome for a design of a national bank. The prize

enabled him to reside at the Villa Medici in Rome for four years, until 1904.[1]

In 1901, after extensive study of sociological and architectural problems, he began to formulate an elaboratesolution to the perceived issues concerning urban design. His basic idea included the separation of spaces byfunction through zoning into several categories: industrial, civic, residential, health related, and entertainment.Garnier's drawings for an ideal industrial city called Une cité industrielle have been exhibited in 1904 but only

published later in 1918.[1]

Une Cité Industrielle was designed as an utopian form of living, for 35,000 inhabitants. It was located between amountain and a river to facilitate access to hydroelectric power. This plan was highly influenced by the writings of

Émile Zola, in particular his socialist utopian novel Travail (1901).[1] The plan allowed schools and vocational-typeschools to be near the industries they were related to, so that people could be more easily educated. There were nochurches or law enforcement buildings, in hope that man could rule himself. The idea of functional separation waslater taken up by the members of CIAM, and would ultimately influence the design of cities like Brasilia.

In 1904 Garnier returned to Lyon, where he received a commission for a livestock market and slaughterhouse(1906-24), later named Halle Tony Garnier. In 1910 he was commissioned for the design of the Grange-BlancheHospital, completed in 1927. Further projects included several villas, the Stade de Gerland municipal stadium

11/13/13 Tony Garnier (architect) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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(1914-18) and the low-cost housing Quartier des Etats-Unis (1919-35).[1]

In the 1920s Garnier continued the work on several major projects started before the war. In 1939 he moved from

Lyon to Roquefort-la-Bédoule, where he died in 1948.[1]

Selected projects

Cité Industrielle, project for an ideal city, 1904

Rothschild Foundation Housing, Paris (competition entry), 1905

Slaughterhouse and Stockyard, later named after him Halle Tony Garnier, Lyon, 1905-1924

Grange-Blanche Hospital (now H. Edouard Herriot Hospital), Lyon, 1910-27

Villa Tony Garnier, Saint-Rambert, Lyon, 1911

Stade de Gerland municipal stadium, Lyon, 1914-18

Quartier des Etats-Unis housing, Lyon, 1919-35Villa Gros, Saint-Didier, 1921

Sanatorium, Saint-Hilaire de Touvet, 1923

Lyon and Saint-Etienne Pavilions, International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts, Paris,

1925

Hotel de Ville town hall, Boulogne-Brillancourt (with Jacques Debat-Ponsan), 1934

Publications

1918 Une Cité Industrielle: Etude pour la construction des villes

1920 Les grands travaux de la ville de Lyon

References

1. ̂a b c d e Sennott, R. Stephen (2004). Encyclopedia of 20th Century Architecture. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn.

External links

Website for the Tony Garnier museum (http://www.museeurbaintonygarnier.com/)Garnier's Une cité industrielle (http://exhibits.slpl.org/steedman/data/Steedman240088583.asp?

thread=240093362)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tony_Garnier_(architect)&oldid=567212611"Categories: 1869 births 1948 deaths French architects French urban planners People from Lyon

Prix de Rome for architecture Alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts

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