tomtatbaigiang trách nhiệm hình sự và hình phạt

8/14/2019 TOMTATBAIGIANG Trch nhim hnh s v hnh pht

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BAI 12 TRACH NHIEM HNH S VA HNHPHAT

A. TRACH NHIEM HS

I. Khai niem TNHSII. Cac hnh thc TNHSIII. C s va ieu kien cua TNHS

I. Khai niem TNHS

1. nh ngha TNHS

TNHS la hau qua phap ly cua viec thc hien TP, the hien viec NN ap dung cac bien phap cng che HS tac ongti ngi pham toi ma cac bien phap cng che nay cquy nh trong BLHS.

2. Cac ac iem cua TNHS.

a. TNHS la hau qua phap ly cua viec thc hien TPb. TNHS la loai TN phap ly co tnh cng che cao nhatc. TNHS la TN ma cac ca nhan ngi pham toi phai ganh

chu trc NNd. TNHS c the hien thong qua ban an hoac quyet nh

cua TA co hieu lce. TNHS c the hien thong qua mot trnh t, thu tuc c

quy nh trong BLTTHS.

a. TNHS la hau qua phap ly cua viec thc hien TP the hien cho: TNHS hnh s (hau qua phap ly) ch phat sinh th congi thc hien hanh vi pham toi: co ngha TNHS ch at rakhi co ngi thc hien hanh vi PT th phai chu TNHS.

b. TNHS la loai TN phap ly co tnh cng che cao nhat:

- La loai TN at ra e x ly TP (hanh vi co mc o nguyhiem cao nhat)

- c the hien chu yeu thong qua hnh phat (loai bienphap cng che nghiem khac nhat)

c. TNHS la TN ma ca nhan ngi pham toi phai ganh chutrc NN.

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- TNHS la loai TN ma chnh ca nhan ngi pham toi phaiganh chu (khong uy thac, khong lien i va la TNcua chnh ngi pham toi)

- La loai trach nhiem ma ngi pham toi phai ganh chutrc NN ch khong phai trc ngi b hai.

d. TNHS c the hien thong qua ban an hoac quyet nhcua TA a co hieu lc PL.

- TNHS la hau qua phap ly cua TP ma mot ngi chcoi la co toi khi co ban an hoac quyet nh cua TA aco hieu lc PL.

e. TNHS c thc hien thong qua thu tuc c quy nh trongBLTTHS.

- Viec quy nh trnh t, thu tuc chat che trong viec xacnh TNHS nham bao am viec quy ket TNHS ungngi, ung toi, ung phap luat.

- Trnh t, thu tuc xac nh TNHS c quy nh trong BLHS.

II. Cac hnh thc cua TNHS.

1. Cac quan iem ve hnh thc bieu hien cua TNHS.

- Q 1: TNHS ong nhat vi HP.- Q 2: TNHS gom HP, BPTP va an tch.

- Q 3: TNHS gom: HP, BPTP, an tch va bien phap nganchan

2. Cac hnh thc cua TNHS

Can c vao cac ac iem cua TNHS th cac bien phap sauc coi la cac hnh thc cua TNHS.

- Hnh phat (gom 7 loai HPC va 7 loai HPBS)- BPTP (ch nhng bien phap c quy nh tai 70

mi thoa man cac ac iem cua TNHS)

- An tch: (An tch la hau qua phap ly bat li va cungchnh la hau qua cua viec thc hien TP.)

III. C s va ieu kien cua TNHS

1. C s cua TNHS

o C s ly luan (triet hoc)

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Ly giai moi quan he gia t do trach nhiem: t do la c scua TN va trach nhiem cung ch at ra oi vi hanh vi cuacon ngi trong khi co t do.

o C s phap ly.

2 BLHS 1999: Ch ngi nao pham mot toi c quy nhtrong BLHS th mi phai chu TNHS.

2. ieu kien cua TNHS

a) Do s thc hien TP tren thc te.

Phai thc te thc hien mot hanh vi (hanh ong hoackhong hanh ong) co u dau hieu cua CTTP.

b) NLTNHS

Ngi co NLTNHS la ngi:

at o tuoi chu TNHS theo luat nh (12)

Khong nam trong tnh trang c quy nh tai 13.

c) o tuoi chu TNHS

12 BLHS:

Ngi t u 16 tuoi tr len phai chu TNHS ve moi TP.

Ngi t u 14 tuoi en di 16 tuoi phai chu TNHS vetoi rat nghiem trong do co y hoac toi ac bietnghiem trong

B. HNH PHAT

I. Khai niem HPII. Muc ch cua HP.

I. Khai niem HP

1. nh ngha HP

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HP la bien phap cng che nghiem khac nhat cua nhanc c quy nh trong BLHS do TA nhan danh NN ap dung oivi ca nhan ngi PT the hien viec tc bo hoac hanche nhng quyen va li ch cua ngi pham toi nham ecai tao, giao duc ngi pham toi va phong nga toi pham.

2. Cac ac iem cua HP.

Qua nh ngha tren, chung ta rut ra c HP co cac aciem sau:

a. HP la bien phap cng che nghiem khac nhat cua NN.b. HP c quy nh trong BLHSc. HP do TA ap dung.d. HP ch c ap dung vi ca nhan ngi pham toi.

a. HP la bien phap cng che nghiem khac nhat cua NN:

Noi dung:

- HP la bien phap cng che nghiem khac nhat bi HPc s dung e au tranh vi TP.

- Tnh nghiem khac cua HP the hien noi dung cngche cua HP va an tch e lai cho ngi b ap dung.

- HP co tnh cng che nghiem khac la nham am baocac muc ch cua HP.

b. HP c quy nh trong BLHS.

Noi dung:

- Bao am viec ap dung HP mot cach chat che vathong nhat.

- HP c quy nh cu the va ro rang trong ca phan chungva phan cac TP cua BLHS.

- La c s e TA tuan thu mot ch nh co tnh nguyentac: TA ch c ap dung nhng bien phap c quynh trong BLHS

c. HP do TA ap dung

Noi dung:

- C phap ly: 26 BLHS- Ap dung HP bao gom: Quyet nh HP, quyet nh mien,

giam thi han chap hanh HP, hoan chap hanh HP.

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- HP ch do TA ap dung la nham am bao viec ap dungung ngi, ung toi, ung phap luat

d. HP ch c ap dung oi vi ca nhan ngi pham toi

Noi dung:- C s xuat phat t nguyen tac trach nhiem cac nhan

trong LHS VN- Noi dung cng che cua HP (s tc bo hoac han che

nhng quyen va li ch) ch hng ti ban thanngi a thc hien hanh vi pham toi.

II. Muc ch cua HP

1. nh ngha muc ch cua HP

Muc ch cua HP la ket qua thc te cuoi cung ma NN mongmuon at c khi quy nh hnh phat oi vi TP va khi apdung HP oi vi ca nhan ngi PT.

2. Cac quan iem ve muc ch cua HP.

- Q 1: HP khong co muc ch trng tr ma ch co mucch cai tao, giao duc ngi PT va phong nga toipham

- Q 2: HP co muc ch trng tr nhng ong thi vi trng

tr la cai tao, giao duc ngi PT; trng tr va la mucch va la phng tien, tien e e cai tao, giao duc.- Q 3: Ca trng tr va cai tao, giao duc eu khong phai

la muc ch cua HP ma ch la noi dung cua HP. Muc chcua HP thc chat la lap lai cong bang xa hoi.

3. Noi dung cac muc ch cua HP.

Noi dung cac muc ch cua HP c Q tai 27 BLHS rut ramuc ch cua HP co cac noi dung:

- Muc ch phong nga rieng

Trng tr va cai tao, giao duc ngi PT. Ngan nga PT mi.

- Noi dung muc ch phong nga chung.

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Ngan nga, ran e ngi co tam ly khong vngvang trong XH; giao duc y thc tuan thu luat phap.

Cung co thai o len an TP; nang cao y thc autranh phong nga.

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BAI 13. HE THONG HNH PHAT VA CACBIEN PHAP T PHAP

A. HE THONG HNH PHAT (HTHP)

I. Khai niem HTTPII. Cac loai HP cu the.

I. Khai niem HTHP

1. nh ngha HTHP

He thong HP la 1 chnh the bao gom cac HP c quy nhtrong BLHS, co phng thc lien ket theo mot trat t nhatnh phu thuoc vao tnh chat nghiem khac cua tng loai HP.

2. Phan tch HTTP.

Qua nh ngha HTHP, chung ta rut ra c HTHP co cac actrng sau:

a. He thong HP bao gom cac HP c phan thanh 2 loai: HPchnh va HP bo sung.

b. He thong HP co phng thc lien ket theo mot trat tt nhe en nang.

a He thong HP c phan thanh 2 loai : HP chnh va HP BS

- HP chnh: La loai hnh c ap dung chnh thc cho TPva c TA tuyen mot cach oc lap. oi vitrng hp pham toi cu the th ch c ap dungmot HP chnh

- HPBS: la loai HP khong c tuyen oc lap ma chc tuyen kem vi HP chnh. oi vi 1 trng hp

cu the co the ap dung 1 hay nhieu HP bo sung. So sanh HP chnh vi HPBS

- Giong nhau: eu la HP nen co chung cac aciem cua HP.

- Khac nhau: Cach ap dung

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Hng tac ong (chc nang) V tr quy nh.

b. He thong HP co phng thc sap xep theo mot trat t tnhe en nang phu thuoc vao tnh chat nghiem khac cua

tng loai hnh phat.

- Trong HTHP nc ta th HP canh cao co noi dungcng che nhe nhat va HP t hnh co noi dungcng che cao nhat. Cu the:

- Canh cao -> Phat tien -> Cai tao khong giam gi-> Truc xuat -> Tu co thi han -> Tu chung than ->T hnh .

He thong HP co phng thc sap xep theo mot trat tnh vay co y ngha:

- The hien s anh gia chnh thc cua NN ve noidung cua tng loai HP.

- La c s e TA van dung khi ap dung Q tai 47BLHS.

II. Cac loai HP cu the.

Phan tch tat ca cac HP c Q tai 28 BLHS bao gom 7 loaiHPC va 7 loai HPBS.

Trnh t phan tch cac loai HP cu the.

- nh ngha- Noi dung- ieu kien ap dung- The thc chap hanh.

1. Canh cao

a. nh ngha:

Canh cao la s khien trach cong khai cua NN oi vingi b ket an

b. Noi dung:

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HP nay khong co kha nang gay thiet hai ve tai sanhoac han che nhat nh ve the chat cua ngi PT. Vitnh chat la s khien trach cong khai cua NN oi vingi PT, canh cao gay ra nhng thiet hai nhat nh vemat tinh than.

c. ieu kien ap dung:

- TP ma ngi PT thc hien phai la TP t nghiemtrong.

- Ngi PT phai co nhieu tnh tiet giam nhe.- Xet cha en mc mien HP.

The thc chap hanh:

- Canh cao tuyen cong khai tai phien toa. Tuyen

an xong coi nh ngi PT thu hnh xong.

B. CAC BIEN PHAP T PHAP.

I. Khai niemII. Cac BPTP cu the

I. Khai niem

1. nh ngha

BPTP la cac bien phap HS c quy nh trong BLHS, co cac cquan t phap ap dung oi vi ngi co HV nguy hiem cho XH,co tac dung ho tr hoac thay the cho HP.

2. Cac ac iem cua BPTP

Qua nh ngha, chung ta rut ra c BPTP co cac ac iemsau:

a. BPTP c quy nh trong BLHS.b. BPTP c ap dung bi c quan t phap.

c. BPTP c ap dung oi vi ngi co hanh vi nguy hiemcho XH.

d. BPTP ap dung nham e ho tr hoac thay the cho HP.

II. Cac BPTP cu the:

- Phan tch cac bien phap c quy nh tai 41, 42, 43 va 70 BLHS.

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Trnh t phan tch mot BPTP:

a. nh nghab. Noi dung va muc ch ap dungc. ieu kien ap dung.

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BAI 14 QUYET NH HNH PHAT

Dan y:

- Khai niem va y ngha cua QHP- Cac can c QHP- QHP trong trng hp pham nhieu toi- QHP trong trng hp co nhieu ban an- QHP trong mot so trng hp ac biet

I. KHAI NIEM

QHP la viec Toa an la chon va quyet nh ap dungmot hoac mot so che tai cu the do BLHS quy nh oi vingi pham toi.

Y ngha

La khau to tung hnh s quan trong cu the hoa nguyentac cua Luat hnh s va chnh sach hnh s

Tien e quan trong e thc hien cac muc ch cua hnhphat

Cung co phap che, gop phan duy tr trat t an ninh xahoi, nang cao y thc au tranh phong nga va chongtoi pham trong nhan dan

II. CAC CAN C QUYET NH HNH PHAT

2.1. Quy nh cua BLHS

Khi QHP Toa an can c vao quy nh cua BLHSngha la:

a) Can c vao quy nh mang tnh nguyen tac chungthuoc Phan chung cua BLHS nh ieu kien, oitng va gii han cua cac loai hnh phat chnh, hnhphat bo sung

b) Can c vao quy nh ve loai, gii han cua chetai c quy nh trong ieu luat Phan cac toipham.

2.2. Tnh chat va mc o nguy hiem cua hanh vipham toi:

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La ai lng ve chat cua toi pham, cho phep phanbiet toi pham nay vi toi pham khac (cung nhom hoackhac nhom), c bieu hien thong qua nhieu dau hieu phananh ban chat nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua toi pham (v du:khach the, hnh thc loi, hanh vi). Nhng dau hieu nay co

tnh on nh cao trong viec phan anh ban chat cua toi phamLa can c e phan hoa TNHS oi vi toi pham.

2.3. Mc o nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua hanh vi phamtoi

La ai lng bieu hien ve lng cua tnh nguy hiem choxa hoi cua toi pham c the hien qua cac dau hieu nhlng cua toi pham (mc o hau qua, tai pham nguyhiem..) La can c e phan hoa TNHS oi vi toi

pham cung nhom, cung toi danh.

2.4. Nhan than ngi pham toi

La tong hp nhng ac iem ve tam sinh ly va hoancanh xa hoi cua mot ngi co anh hng nhat nh entnh nguy hiem cua hanh vi pham toi ma ngi nay thchien.

Nhan than ngi pham toi la pham tru ch ro khanang tiep nhan bien phap cai tao giao duc cua xa hoi,kha nang t cai tao cua ngi pham toi La can c e

Toa an la chon loai che tai phu hp nham am bao hieuqua khi c ap dung vi nhieu oi tng khac nhau ve aciem nhan than.

2.5. Cac tnh tiet giam nhe va tang nang TNHS.

2.5.1. Cac tnh tiet giam nhe tnhs (ieu 46 blhs)

La nhng tnh tiet khong ong vai tro nh toi va nhkhung hnh phat cua mot loai toi pham nhng co tac dunglam giammc o nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua toi phamCan c giam nhe hnh phat trong gii han cua khunghnh phat do luat nh.

2.5.2. Cac tnh tiet tang nang TNHS (IEU 48 BLHS)

La nhng tnh tiet khong ong vai tro nh toi va nhkhung hnh phat trong mot loai toi nhng co tac dung lam

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tang mc o nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua hanh vi Can ce tang mc o x phat trong gii han cua khunghnh phat do luat nh.

Noi dung cua cac tnh tiet giam nhe (ieu 46 BLHS) va

tnh tiet tang nang TNHS (ieu 48 BLHS): SV t tham khao tailieu ve cac loai tnh tiet nay trong Giao trnh va Bnh luanBLHS Phan chung.

2.5.3. Cach ap dung cac tnh tiet giam nhe TNHS

Quy nh tai ieu 46 BLHS la quy nh m: Cho phep Toaan co the xem nhng tnh tiet khac ngoai trng hp aquy nh trong ieu 46 la nhng tnh tiet giam nhe TNHS Thehien ro kha canh nhan ao trong QHP.

ac biet: Khi co t nhat 2 tnh tiet giam nhe (khoan 1ieu 46 BLHS) Toa an co the quyet nh 1 hnh phat nhe hnquy nh cua luat (xem ieu 47).

2.5.4. Cach ap dung cac tnh tiet tang nang TNHS

Ngc vi cac quy nh ieu 46 BLHS, ieu 48 BLHSquy nh: Khi QHP Toa an khong c coi hng tnh tiet chac quy nh tai ieu 48 la tnh tiet tang nang TNHS. ieu 48la quy pham ong: Khong cho phep Toa an QHP cao hnmc toi a cua khung hnh phat a c luat nh.

III. QHP TRONG TRNG HP PHAM NHIEU TOI

3.1. nh ngha

Pham nhieu toi la trng hp mot ngi pham nhieutoi khac nhau (trong cung thi gian hoac trong nhieu thi giankhac nhau) nhng cha b Toa an a ra xet x hay ket an vebat c toi nao, nay Toa an a ngi pham toi ra xet xcung mot lan ve nhieu toi o.

3.2. Cac trng hp c xem la pham nhieu toi

Thc hien nheu hanh vi, moi hanh vi cau thanh 1 toipham oc lap, khong lien quan en nhau.

Thc hien nhieu hanh vi, moi hanh vi tuy cau thanh nhngco lien quan mat thiet ch xem la pham nhieu toi khitat ca cac hanh vi eu co tnh nghiem trong

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Ch thc hien 1 hanh vi nhng hanh vi nay lai co dau hieucua nhieu toi pham tong hp toi pham tru tng

3.3. Cac phng phap QHP

Quy tac: Xet x tng toi sau o tong hp hnh phat cuacac toi theo 1 trong 2 phng phap quy nh tai ieu 50 BLHS phng phap cong va phng phap thu hut

3.3.1. Phng phap thu hut vao hnh phat nangnhat

ieu kien: Khi co hnh phat cao nhat la tu chung than hoact hnh

Phng phap: Lay hnh phat cao nhat trong so hnh phat a

tuyen lam hnh phat chung cho cac toi

3.3.2. Phng phap cong cac hnh phat

Cong toan bo hnh phat: Khi tong cac hnh phat khong vtmc cao nhat cua loai hnh phat, tc la:

- Tu co thi han khong qua 30 nam- Cai tao khong giam gi khong qua 3 nam

Cong mot phan hnh phat: Khi tong cac hnh phat a tuyenvt mc 30 nam oi vi tu co thi han, hoac qua 3nam oi vi cai tao khong giam gi th Toa an se vandung quy nh nay.

3.2.3. Tong hp hnh phat chnh khac loai

Bc 1: Quy oi hnh phat cai tao khong giam gi sang tuco thi han theo ty le 3 ngay cai tao khong giam gi= 1 ngay tu

Bc 2:Tong hp hnh phat cua cac toi:

- Tu co thi han khong qua 30 nam- Cai tao khong giam gi khong qua 3 nam

Chu y: Hnh phat tien khong c tong hp vi hnh phatkhac ma se c tong hp va chap hanh oc lap

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3.2.4. oi vi hnh phat bo sung

Toa an khong tong hp hnh phat bo sung ma tuyen 1loai hnh phat bo sung cho cac toi trong gii han luat nh.Cac khoan phat tien (bo sung) s4 cong va chap hanh rieng.

IV. QUYET NH HNH PHAT TRONG TRNG HPCO NHIEU BAN AN

La trng hp 1 ngi khi ang phai chap hanh 1 banan ma lai b Toa an a ra xet x ve toi a pham trchay sau khi tuyen ban an ang phai chap hanh.

Trng hp 1: ang chap hanh 1 ban an b a ra xet xve toi a pham trc khi co ban an nay.

Trng hp 2: ang chap hanh 1 ban an b a ra xet xve toi pham mi.

Trng hp 3: a b ket an nhng cha chap hanh banan lai b a ra xet x ve 1 toi khac co the thc hientrc hay sau khi co ban an nay ap dung quy tac ieu 51 (khoan 1 va 2)

QUY TAC 1 KHOAN 1 IEU 51 BLHS

QHP oi vi toi ang xet x tong hp vi hnh phatcua ban an ang chap hanh theo quy nh tai ieu 50, s

dung:

Phng phap thu hut vao hnh [hat nang nhat khi trong sohnh phat cua cac ban an co tu chung than hoac t hnh

Phng phap cong toan phan: neu tong hnh phat khongvt qua gii han 30 nam oi vi tu co thi han va 3nam oi vi cai tao khong giam gi.

QUY TAC 2 KHOAN 1 IEU 51 BLHS

Bc 1: QHP oi vi toi ang xet x Bc 2: Xac nh phan hnh phat cha chap hanh cua ban

an ang phai chap hanh (tr thi gian a chap hanh) Bc 3: Tong hp hnh phat cua ban an mi vi phan

cha chap hanh cua ban an cu

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Neu ieu luat co nhieu khung va khung ap dung khongphai la khung hnh phat nhe nhat trong ieu luat o th Toaan ch c quyet 1 hnh phat di mc toi thieu cuakhung ang ap dung nhng phai trong gii han khung lien kenhe hn

V du: Khong c quyet nh mot hnh phat di 7 nam tuoi vi b cao pham toi giet ngi c1o tnh tiet nh khungtai khoan 1 ieu 93 du b cao co hn 2 tnh tiet giam nhequy nh tai khoan 1 ieu 46 BLHS

QHP TRONG TRNG HP CHUAN B PHAM TOI VAPHAM TOI CHA AT

Chuan b pham toi va pham toi cha at la cac mc othc hien toi pham ma theo s tha nhan chung la nhe hn, t

nguy hiem hn so vi toi pham a hoan thanh BLHS1999 taiieu 52 co che nh QHP tha nhan QHP nhe hn toi phama hoan thanh la mot nguyen tac trong LHS

c) Nguyen tac chung: quy nh tai khoan 1 ieu52

oi vi hanh vi chuan b pham toi va hanh vi pham toi chaat, hnh phat c quyet nh theo cac ieu cua Bo luatnay ve cac toi pham tng ng tuy theo tnh chat, mc onguy hiem cho xa hoi cua hanh vi, mc o thc hien y nhpham toi va nhng tnh tiet khac khien cho toi pham khongthc hien c en cung.

QHP OI VI HANH VI CHUAN B PHAM TOI

oi vi trng hp chuan b pham toi, neu ieu luat cap dung co quy nh hnh phat cao nhat la tu chung thanhoac t hnh , th mc hnh phat cao nhat c ap dung lakhong qua 20 nam tu; neu la tu co thi han th mc hnhphat khong qua mot phan hai mc phat tu ma ieu luatquy nh (khoan 2 ieu 52 BLHS)

QHP OI VI HANH VI PHAM TOI CHA AT

oi vi trng hp pham toi cha at, neu ieu luat cap dung co quy nh hnh phat cao nhat la tu chung thanhoac t hnh, th ch co the ap dung cac hnh phat nay trongtrng hp ac biet nghiem trong; neu la tu co thi han th

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mc hnh phat khong qua ba phan t mc phat tu ma ieuluat quy nh (khoan 3 ieu 52 BLHS)

QHP TRONG TRNG HP ONG PHAM

Nguyen tac chu trach nhiem chung ve toan bo toi phama gay ra; nguyen tac chu trach nhiem oc lap cua nhngong pham c the hien ro trong quy nh tai ieu 53

ieu 53 quy nh: Khi QHP oi vi nhng ngi ong pham,Toa an phai xet en tnh chat cua ong pham, tnh chat vamc o tham gia pham toi cua tng ngi ong pham. Cactnh tiet giam nhe, tang nang hoac loai tr trach nhiem hnhs thuoc ngi ong pham nao, th ch ap dung oi vingi o.

QHP OI VI NGI CHA THANH NIEN PHAM TOI

Ngi cha thanh nien pham toi la ngi


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Phat tien (oi vi ngi t 16 tuoi tr len cothu nhap hoac tai san rieng)

Cai tao khong giam gi

GII HAN QHP ieu 72 ieu 73 ieu 74

NHIEU TOI PHAM:

Q 1: Nhieu TP bao gom 4 hnh thc:

1. Pham nhieu toi2. Pham toi nhieu lan3. Tai pham, tai pham nguy hiem4. Pham toi co tnh chat chuyen nghiep

Q 2: Nhieu TP bao gom 3 hnh thc:

1. Pham nhieu toi2. Pham toi nhieu lan3. Tai pham, tai pham nguy hiem

Pham toi co tnh chat chuyen nghiep la mot dang ac bietcua pham toi nhieu lan.

Pham nhieu toi ( 50):

Co the c hieu la trng hp mot chu the thc hien haitoi pham tr len ma nhng toi pham o c quy nh taicac IEU khac nhau hoac cac KHOAN khac nhau cua 1ieu luat trong phan cac toi pham cua BLHS.

Cac dau hieu ac trng cua pham nhieu toi:

1. Xac nh viec mot ngi a co loi trong viec thchien t 2 TP tr len.

2. Cac HV pham toi a c quy nh tai cac ieu khacnhau trong phan cac toi pham BLHS. (Bao gom cac HVpham toi do 1 chu the thc hien c quy nh trong cac

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khoan khac nhau cua mot ieu luat_ k: moi hanh vipham toi trong so o mang tnh chat la mot hanh vipham toi oc lap va khong thuoc khai niem pham toinhieu lan.VD: mot ngi li dung chc vu, quyen hancan tr viec to cao ngi khac, ong thi co hanh vi

tra thu ngi to cao -> K1,2 132)3. Ngi pham toi cha b xet x ve toi nao trong so cactoi o.

Pham toi nhieu lan (iem g, K1, 48): la pham toi trongtrng hp hanh vi cua chu the co ay u cac dauhieu cua hai toi pham tr len ma nhng toi ay c quynh tai cung mot khoan cua ieu trong phan cac toipham BLHS va b xet x cung 1 lan.

Lu y: trng hp pham hai toi khac nhau trong BLHS th ch

co the tnh la pham toi nhieu lan khi co ieu tng ngtrong phan cac TP c quy nh rieng. (vd. Neu tai ieu autien trc khi quy nh tng cau thanh TP cu the trong chngcac toi xam pham quyen s hu, nha lam luat quy nh:viec thc hien t lan th hai tr len bat ky mot Tp naoc Q trong chng nay eu co the b coi la pham toinhieu lan.)

Tai pham, tai pham nguy hiem (K1, 49):

Tai pham: c coi la tai pham khi co ay u cac ieu

kien:

1. a b ket an (khong phu thuoc vao viec ban an cuaTA a co hieu lc PL hay cha) _ oi vi ngi chathanh nien di 16 tuoi K6, 69.

2. Cha c xoa an tch.3. Pham toi mi do co y hoac toi rat nghiem trong, toi

ac biet nghiem trong do vo y.

Tai pham nguy hiem: ngoai 3 ieu kien tren, phai ap ngeu kien rieng:

1. a b ket an ve toi rat nghiem trong, toi ac bietnghiem trong do co y, cha c xoa an tch ma laipham toi rat nghiem trong, toi ac biet nghiem trongdo co y.

2. a tai pham, cha c xoa an tch ma lai pham toi doco y.

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BAI 15 MIEN, GIAM TNHS & HP

Noi dung cua bai hoc nay gom :

C s ly luan cua viec quy nh cac che nh Miengiam TNHS & HP

I. Mien TNHSII. Mien HPIII. Mien CH ban anIV. Mien CHHPV. Giam thi han chap hanh hnh phat.VI. An Treo.

VII. Hoan, tam nh ch chap hanh hnh phat tu.VIII. Xoa an tch

C S LY LUAN CUA VIEC QUY NH CAC CHENH MIEN GIAM TNHS &HP

- Quan iem chu ao ve mat chnh tr phap ly trong ngloi chnh sach cua ang & NN: khong tuyet oi hoa vaitro cua HP & cac bien phap cng che HS khac trong autranh phong nga va chong TP.

- Nguyen tac nhan ao va muc tieu tat ca v li ch cua

con ngi la nen tang ly luan cho viec quy nh cac chenh mien giam TNHS va HP

- Hieu qua cua cac bien phap mien giam TNHS trong autranh phong nga va chong TP la c s thc tien cuaviec tha nhan.

I. Mien TNHS

1. Khai niem va y ngha

- nh ngha:

Mien TNHS la viec c quan t phap HS co tham quyen khongbuoc ngi pham toi phai chu TNHS ve toi ma ho a phamkhi co can c luat nh.

Tham quyen mien TNHS :

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o Trong giai oan khi to, ieu tra: c quan ieu trao Trong giai oan truy to: Vien kiem sato Trong giai oan xet x : Toa an.

- Phan loai :

+ Cac trng hp mien TNHS co tnh tuy nghi

K2 ieu 25BLHS: Ngi pham toi t thu, khai ro s viecgop phan co hieu qua vao viec phat hien va ieu tratoi pham

K2 69 BLHS: Ngi pham toi la ngi cha thanh nien

+ Cac trng hp mien TNHS co tnh bat buoc

ieu 19: T y na chng cham dt viec pham toi ieu 23: a troi qua thi hieu truy cu TNHS ieu 25, K1: Do chuyen bien cua tnh hnh ieu 25, K3: Quyet nh ai xa

Y ngha:

Khong e lai an tch, khong loai tr trach nhiem phap lykhac (Dan s Hanh chnh Ky luat)

2. Cac trng hp mien TNHS phan chung :

o Mien TNHS trong trng hp t y na chng cham dtviec PT (ieu 19 BLHS).

o Mien TNHS do het thi hieu truy cu TNHS (ieu 23 LHS).o Mien TNHS do chuyen bien cua tnh hnh ma hanh vi

pham toi khong nguy hiem cho xa hoi na (Khoan 1ieu 25 BLHS).

o Mien TNHS do chuyen bien cua tnh hnh ma ngi PTkhong con nguy hiem cho XH na (Khoan 1 ieu 25BLHS).

o Mien TNHS trong trng hp ngi PT t thu, khai ro s

viec, gop phan co hieu qua vao viec phat hien vaieu tra TP, han che hau qua cua TP(K2 25 BLHS).

o Mien TNHS khi co quyet nh ai xa cua Hoi ong aixa quoc gia (K3 ieu 25 BLHS).

o Mien TNHS oi vi ngi cha thanh nien pham toi (K2 69 BLHS)

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Lu y:

Khong ap dung cac thi hieu neu ieu 23 BLHS oi vitat ca TP thuoc chng 11 & 24 BLHS

- Mien TNHS do chuyen bien cua tnh hnh ma hanh vipham toi khong nguy hiem cho xa hoi na (Khoan 1ieu 25 BLHS).

ieu kien: Chuyen bien cua tnh hnh KT, XH, quoc te lamcho hanh vi pham toi c xem la khong con nguy hiem choXH na.

- Mien TNHS do chuyen bien cua tnh hnh ma ngi PTkhong con nguy hiem cho XH na (Khoan 1 ieu 25BLHS).

(Mac benh hiem ngheo hoac a t cai tao rat tot).

- Mien TNHS trong trng hp ngi PT t thu, khai ros viec, gop phan co hieu qua vao viec phat hienva ieu tra TP, han che hau qua cua TP (K2 25 BLHS).

- Mien TNHS khi co quyet nh ai xa cua Hoi ongai xa quoc gia (K3 ieu 25 BLHS).

- Mien TNHS oi vi ngi cha thanh nien pham toi

(K2 69 BLHS)

ieu kien:

Ngi PT cha u 18 tuoi tai thi iem thc hien TP

Toi a pham la toi t nghiem trong hoac nghiem trong

Co nhieu tnh tiet giam nhe

c gia nh hoac c quan, to chc nhan giam sat giao

duc

II. MIEN HNH PHAT:

- nh ngha :

Mien HP la viec TA khong buoc ngi pham toi phai chuhnh phat ve toi ma ho a pham.

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- ieu kien mien HP: (ieu 54 BLHS)

Co nhieu tnh tiet giam nhe tai K1 46 BLHS

Ngi PT thuoc oi tng ang c khoan hong ac

biet.Cha en mc c mien TNHS.

- Hau qua phap ly:

Ngi c mien HP th ng nhien ngi o c xoa antch va thi iem ng nhien c xoa an tch c tnh tngay sau khi ban an nay co hieu lc phap luat. Tuy nhien,trong trng hp ngi bi ket an con phai chap hanh cacquyet nh khac cua ban an nh an ph, boi thng thiet

hai th hoc ch c xoa an tch khi chap hanh xong cacngha vu a c ghi trong ban an.

III. MIEN CHAP HANH BAN AN HNH S DO HET THIHIEU LUAT NH.

- nh ngha (K1 ieu 55 BLHS) :

Thi hieu thi hanh ban an HS la thi gian do BLHS quy nhma khi het thi han o ngi o b ket an khong phaichap hanh ban an a tuyen.

Thi hieu thi hanh ban an hnh s la (K2 ieu 55BLHS) :

o 5 nam oi vi cac trng hp x phat tien , cai taokhong giam gi hoac x phat tu en 3 nam.

o 10 nam oi vi trng hp x phat tu tren 3 namen 15 nam

o 15 nam oi vi trng hp x phat tu tren 15 nam.

ieu kien e mien chap hanh ban an:

- Ngi b ket an khong tron tranh viec thi hanh banan hoac khong co lenh truy na.

- Neu co tnh tron tranh th thi hieu se c tnh lai ket thi iem ra trnh dien hoac b bat gi.

IV. MIEN CHAP HANH HP:

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o Khai niem

Mien chap hanh hnh phat la khong buoc ngi b ket anphai chap hanh hnh phat ma toa an a tuyen trong banan.

- Cac trng hp mien chap hanh hnh phat va ieukien ap dung:

o Mien chap hanh hnh phat do lap cong ln hoac macbenh hiem ngheo (Khoan 1 ieu 57 BLHS).

o Mien chap hanh hnh phat khi c ac xa hoac ai xa(K2 ieu 57 BLHS )

o Mien chap hanh hnh phat do trong thi gian hoan chap

hanh hnh phat a lap cong (K3 ieu 57 BLHS)o Mien chap hanh phan hnh phat con lai do trong thi gian

tam nh ch chap hanh hnh phat a lap cong (K4 ieu57 BLHS)

o Mien chap hanh phan hnh phat cam c tru hoac quanche con lai (K5 ieu 57 BLHS )

o Mien chap hanh phan hnh phat tien con lai ( K2 ieu58 BLHS)

o Mien chap hanh hnh phat oi vi ngi cha thanhnien pham toi (K2 ieu 76 BLHS)

o Mien chap hanh phan hnh phat tien con lai oi vingi cha thanh nien pham toi (K3 ieu 76 BLHS)

+ Mien chap hanh hnh phat do lap cong ln hoacmac benh hiem ngheo (Khoan 1 57 BLHS)

Khoan 1 ieu 57 BLHS quy nh : oi vi ngi b ketan cai tao khong giam gi, tu co thi han, cha chap hanhhnh phat ma lap cong ln hoac mac benh hiem ngheo vaneu ngi o khong con nguy hiem cho xa hoi na, th theoe ngh cua Vien kiem sat, Toa an co the mien chaphanh toan bo hnh phat.

Nh vay, theo quy nh Khoan 1 ieu 57 BLHS th ngi bket an cha chap hanh hnh phat co the c mien chaphanh toan bo hnh phat neu co u cac ieu kien sau :

- ieu kien 1 : Ngi pham toi b ket an cai tao khonggiam gi, tu co thi han ma cha chap hanh hnh phat.

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+ Mien chap hanh phan hnh phat tien con lai ( K2ieu 58 BLHS )

K2 ieu 58 BLHS qui nh :

Ngi b ket an phat tien a tch cc chap hanh cmot phan hnh phat nhng b lam vao hoan canh kinh te acbiet kho khan keo dai do thien tai, hoa hoan, tai nan hoacom au gay ra ma khong the tiep tuc chap hanh phan hnhphat con lai hoac lap cong ln, th theo e ngh cua Vientrng Vien kiem sat, Toa an co the quyet nh mien viecchap hanh phan tien con lai.

+ Mien chap hanh phan hnh phat con lai oi vingi cha thanh nien pham toi ( K2 ieu 76 BLHS)

K2 ieu 76 BLHS qui nh : " Ngi cha thanh nien b phatcai tao khong giam gi hoac phat tu, neu lap cong hoacmac benh hiem ngheo, th c xet giam ngay va co thec mien chap hanh phan hnh phat con lai"

+ Mien chap hanh phan hnh phat tien con lai oivi ngi cha thanh nien pham toi ( K3 ieu 76 BLHS)

K3 ieu 76 BLHS qui nh :

Ngi cha thanh nien b phat tien nhng lam vao hoan

canh kinh te ac biet kho khan keo dai do thien tai, hoahoan, tai nan hoac om au gay ra hoac lap cong ln, th theoe ngh cua Vien trng Vien kiem sat, Toa an co thequyet nh giam hoac mien chap hanh phan hnh phat tiencon lai.

V. GIAM THI HAN CHAP HANH HNH PHAT.

- nh ngha :

Giam thi han chap hanh hnh phat la trng hp Toa

an quyet nh giam viec chap hanh mot phan hnh phat chongi b ket an a chap hanh hnh phat c mot thi giannhat nh va co s cai tao tot.

- Cac trng hp giam thi han chap hanh hnh phat.

o Giam mc hnh phat a tuyen ( ieu 58 BLHS)

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o Giam thi han chap hanh hnh phat trong trng hpac biet (ieu 59 BLHS )

o Giam mc hnh phat a tuyen oi vi ngi chathanh nien pham toi (ieu 76 BLHS ).

+ Giam mc hnh phat a tuyen ( ieu 58 BLHS)

K1 ieu 58 BLHS qui nh : Ngi b ket an cai taokhong giam gi, neu a chap hanh hnh phat c mot thigian nhat nh va co nhieu tien bo, th theo e ngh cua cquan, to chc hoac chnh quyen a phng c giao trachnhiem trc tiep giam sat, giao duc, Toa an co the quyetnh giam thi han chap hanh hnh phat.

Ngi b ket an phat tu, neu a chap hanh hnh phatc mot thi gian nhat nh va co nhieu tien bo, th theo

e ngh cua c quan thi hanh an phat tu, Toa an co thequyet nh giam thi han chap hanh hnh phat.

Thi gian a chap hanh hnh phat e c xet giam lanau la 1/3 thi han oi vi hnh phat cai tao khong giamgi, hnh phat tu t 30 nam tr xuong, 12 nam oi vi tuchung than.

- Mc giam :( Khoan 3 ieu 58 BLHS)

+ Giam thi han chap hanh hnh phat trong trng hp

ac biet (ieu 59 BLHS)

ieu 59 BLHS qui nh : Ngi b ket an co ly do angc khoan hong them nh a lap cong, a qua gia yeuhoac mac benh hiem ngheo, th Toa an co the xet giamvao thi gian sm hn hoac vi mc cao hn so vi thi gianva mc qui nh tai ieu 58 BLHS

+ Giam mc hnh phat a tuyen oi vi ngi chathanh nien pham toi (ieu 76 BLHS ).

V. GIAM THI HAN CHAP HANH HNH PHAT.

nh ngha :

Cac trng hp giam thi han chap hanh hnhphat.

Giam mc hnh phat a tuyen ( ieu 58 BLHS)

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Giam thi han chap hanh hnh phat trong trnghp ac biet (ieu 59 BLHS )

Giam mc hnh phat a tuyen oi vi ngi chathanh nien pham toi (ieu 76 BLHS ).

VI. AN TREO.

1. Khai niem:

An treo la ben phap mien chap hanh HP tu co ieukien c ap dung oi vi ngi b x phat tu khong qua3 nam, xet nhan than va cac tnh tiet giam nhe ma thaykhong can thiet buoc chap hanh HP tu.

2. Tnh chat phap ly:

- La bien phap cng che HS nhng khong phai la HP

- Ngi b an khong phai chap hanh hnh phat tu.

3. Y ngha cua an treo:

An treo la mot trong nhng bieu hien cu the cua phngcham trng tr ket hp vi giao duc , va nguyen tacnhan ao XHCN trong chnh sach hnh s cua nha nc ta.

An treo co tac dung khuyen khch ngi b ket an vi sgiup tch cc cua xa hoi t lao ong cai tao e trthanh ngi lng thien.

An treo con co tac dung thu hut s tham gia cua xa hoivao viec cai tao , giao duc ngi b ket an mot bieuhien cu the cua nguyen tac dan chu trong viec cai tao,giao duc ngi pham toi.

4. ieu kien e cho hng an treo:

Mc HP tu khong qua 3 nam (bat ke toi g).

Nhan than tng oi tot (kha nang t cai tao giao duccao)

Co nhieu tnh tiet giam nhe.

Xet thay khong can phai bat chap hanh hnh phat tu.

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* Ve mc hnh phat tu :

- Nhng ngi b toa an phat tu khong qua 3 namkhong ke ve toi g (toi t nghiem trong, toi nghiem trong )eu coi la co ieu kien au tien e xem xet cho hng an

treo.- Nhan than tng oi tot :

Ngh quyet 01-HTP TANDTC ngay 18/10/1990 hng dannh sau :

Noi chung ngi c hng an treo phai la ngichap hanh ung chnh sach, phap luat, thc hien ay uca ngha vu cua ban than, cha co tien an, tien s. Tuynhien, oi vi ngi co tien an, tien s, neu xet tnh

chat cua tien an, tien s o cung vi tnh chat cua toipham mi thc hien va cac can c khac thay khongcan thiet phai bat ho chap hanh hnh phat tu, th cungco the cho ho c hng an treo, nhng tinh than chung lahan che va phai that chat che.

- Phai co nhieu tnh tiet giam nhe.

+ Co nhieu tnh tiet giam nhe ngha la co t 2 tnhtiet giam nhe tr len c qui nh tai K1 va K2 ieu 46 BLHS1999 .

- Xet thay khong can phai bat chap hanh hnh phattu (ieu kien ve phong nga toi pham ).

5. Thi gian th thach cua an treo.

- Thi gian th thach cua an treo la thi han ma Toa anquyet nh buoc ngi b ket an c hng an treo phaituan thu cac ieu kien cua an treo

Theo Ngh quyet so 01/ 1990 ngay 18/10/1990 cua HTP

TANDTC th :

- Khi cho ngi b ket an uc hng an treo, Toa an phaituyen thi gian th thach t 1 nam en 5 nam; bat ctrng hp nao cung khong c di 1 nam hoac khongqua 5 nam va khong c t hn mc phat tu.

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- Cach tnh thi gian th thach cua an treo c qui nh nhsau :

Thi gian th thach cua an treo c tnh t ngay tuyenban an cho hng an treo. Neu ngi b ket an co nhieu

ban an cho hng an treo th tnh t ngay tuyen ban anau tien cho hng an treo.

6. ieu kien cua an treo va hau qua phap ly cuaviec vi pham ieu kien cua an treo:

o Trong thi gian th thach khong c pham toi mi(bat ke toi g).

o Neu ngi b ket an pham toi mi trong thi gianth thach th TA buoc ho phai chap hanh hnh phattu a c cho hng an treo.

Hnh phat cua hai ban an c tong hp theo qui nh taiieu 51, khoan 2

Thi han tam giam tam gi trc o (neu co) c trvao thi han cua HP chung.

7. The thc chap hanh an treo:

o TA giao ngi b an treo cho c quan, to chc ni nginay cong tac hoac chnh quyen a phng ni ngi

o c tru e thc hien viec giam sat giup .o Ngi b an treo co ngha vu phai trnh dien vi c

quan to chc hoac chnh quyen a phng trong thigian chap hanh an treo

8. Hnh phat bo sung oi vi ngi c hng antreo:

K3 ieu 60 BLHS qui nh : Ngi c hng an treo cothe phai chu hnh phat bo sung la hnh phat tien, cam amnhiem chc vu, cam hanh nghe hoac lam cong viec nhat

nh theo qui nh tai ieu 30 va ieu 36 BLHS

VII. HOAN, TAM NH CH CHAP HANH HNH PHAT TU

1.Hoan chap hanh hnh phat tu.

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o nh ngha.o Nhng trng hp c hoan chap hanh hnh phat tu.

- nh ngha :

Hoan chap hanh hnh phat tu la chuyen viec thi hanh hnhphat tu sang thi iem khac muon hn.

-Nhng trng hp c hoan chap hanh hnh phat tu:

Ngi b x phat tu co the c hoan chap hanh hnh phattu trong cac trng hp sau ay :

B benh nang c hoan cho en khi sc khoe c phuchoi;

Phu n co thai hoac ang nuoi con di 36 thang tuoi, thc hoan cho en khi con u 36 thang tuoi;

La ngi lao ong duy nhat trong gia nh, neu phai chaphanh hnh phat tu th gia nh se gap kho khan ac biet,c hoan en 1 nam, tr trng hp ngi o b ket anve cac toi xam pham ANQG hoac cac toi khac la toi ratnghiem trong, ac biet nghiem trong;

B ket an ve toi t nghiem trong, do nhu cau cong vu, thc hoan en 1 nam.

2. Tam nh ch chap hanh hnh phat tu ( ieu 62 BLHS )

- nh ngha :

Tam nh ch chap hanh hnh phat tu la viec tam ngng viecang chap hanh hnh phat tu trong khoang thi gian nhatnh.

- Cac trng hp tam nh ch chap hanh hnh phat tu:

- K1 ieu 62 BLHS => Giong nh cac trng hp hoan chaphanh hnh phat tu.

VII. HOAN, TAM NH CH CHAP HANH HNH PHAT TU

Hoan chap hanh hnh phat tu.

Tam nh ch chap hanh hnh phat tu.

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VIII. XOA AN TCH

1.nh ngha:

Xoa an tch la viec toa an can c vao cac quy

inh cua BLHS ( ieu 64) tha nhan ngi b ket ankhong con chu s tac ong bat li t ban an cuhoac trong mot so trng hp nhat nh (ieu 65)toa ra quyet nh xoa an cho ngi b ket an.

Trong ca hai trng hp ngi pham toi eu c coi nhcha b ket an.

2. Cac trng hp xoa an tch :

Co 4 trng hp sau :

ng nhien c xoa an tch ( ieu 64 BLHS)

Xoa an do toa an quyet nh .(ieu 65 BLHS)

Xoa an tch trong trng hp ac biet ( ieu 65 BLHS1999).

Xoa an tch oi vi ngi cha thanh nien pham toi (ieu77 BLHS)

tomtatbaigiang trách nhiệm hình sự và hình phạt

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