toll-like receptors on phagocytes are directly involved in this stage of phagocytosis a.phagosome...
TRANSCRIPT
Toll-like receptors on phagocytes are directly involved in this stage of phagocytosis
A. Phagosome formation
B. Phagolysosome formation
C. Oxygen dependent killing
D. AttachmentE. elimination
Phagosome fo
rmation
Phagolysoso
me form
ation
Oxyge
n dependent killi
ng
Attachment
elimination
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Which is true about interferons?
A. Type stimulates cells to produce antiviral proteins
B. Rabbit interferon can protect human cells from viral infection
C. Type II includes alpha and beta forms
D. The antiviral interferons are prophylactic not threapeutic
Type stimulate
s cells
to ...
Rabbit interfe
ron ca
n pr...
Type II inclu
des alpha an...
The antiviral in
terfe
rons .
..
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This complement pathway is stimulated by mannose sugars which are uncommon in human cells but typically found on bacterial cells:
A. LectinB. ClassicalC. AlternativeD. properidin
Lecti
n
Classica
l
Altern
ative
properid
in
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Signs of this process include redness, heat, swelling, and pain
A. Complement cascade
B. InflammationC. PhagocytosisD. Type I interferonE. Type II interferon
Complement casca
de
Inflammation
Phagocyto
sis
Type I inte
rfero
n
Type II inte
rfero
n
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Inflammatory cytokines can contribute to all of these processes except:
A. Blood vessel dilationB. VasoconstrictionC. ChemotaxisD. PainE. Leukocyte
extravasation (diapedesis)
Blood vessel d
ilation
Vasoco
nstricti
on
ChemotaxisPain
Leukocy
te extra
vasa
tion ...
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A parasite-infected red blood cell could not be eliminated by a t-killer cell because:
A. The red blood cell lack MHC I receptors
B. The red blood cell lacks toll-like receptors
C. The T-killer is class II MHC restricted
D. The T-killer cell is unable to activate a B-lymphocyte
The red blood ce
ll lack
M..
The red blood ce
ll lack
s to...
The T-killer is
class
II MHC...
The T-killer c
ell is u
nable...
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Which of the following statement is false?
A. There are less than 400 stem cell genes that code for B-cell receptors
B. The heavy chain of a B-cell receptor is coded for by V,D,J, and C genes
C. Kappa and lambda are types of heavy chains
D. A Lymphocyte can produce more than one class of antibody molecule
There are le
ss th
an 400 s...
The heavy ch
ain of a B-ce
l...
Kappa and lambda are
t...
A Lymphocy
te can pro
du..
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This cell can serve as an antigen presenting cell:
A. MacrophageB. Dendritic cellsC. B-lymphocyteD. A and BE. All of the above
Macro
phage
Dendritic c
ells
B-lymphocy
te
A and B
All of t
he above
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This class of antibody exits in two forms: serum and secretory
A. GB. MC. ED. AE. D
G M E A D
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B-lymphocytes that bind to T-independent antigens
A. Cannot be stimulated to produce antibody
B. Must react with T-helpers to produce antibody
C. Cannot produce memory cells
D. Only produce IG-G antibody
Cannot be sti
mulated to ...
Must
react
with T-h
elper...
Cannot pro
duce m
emory ...
Only produce
IG-G
antibody
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Diapedesis is the
A. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging.
B. production of only red blood cells.
C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
D. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding.
E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.
loss of b
lood due to hem...
producti
on of only re
d b...
producti
on of white
bloo...
plugging o
f bro
ken vessel...
migration of white
blood...
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Which is incorrect about inflammation?
A. It can last hours to years.B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.C. Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction.D. Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen.E. Basophils and mast cells release histamine.
It can la
st hours
to ye
ars.
B. Pyro
gens cause
vaso
di...
C. Sero
tonin ca
uses s
moo..
D. Fever c
ould be benefici..
E. Baso
phils an
d mast
cell..
.
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Which is incorrect about complement?
A. Composed of at least 26 blood proteins
B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen
C. Act in a cascade reactionD. Involves a classical
pathwayE. Involves an alternate
pathwayCompose
d of at le
ast 26 ...
Only appear
in the blood...
Act in a ca
scade re
action
Involves a
classi
cal p
athway
Involves a
n altern
ate pa...
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Juan has influenza and has aches, pains and a fever. His mother, a
physician, tells him to take an antipyretic. What is she telling him to take?
A. An antibiotic, like erythromycin
B. An antiviral drug, like TamifluC. An antihistamineD. Acetaminophen, like Tylenol, or aspirinE. Herbal tea with honey
An antibiotic, lik
e eryth...
B. An antivir
al dru
g, like...
C. An antihist
amine
D. Ace
taminophen, li
ke ...
E. Herb
al tea w
ith honey
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The contribution of B cells is mainly in
A. inflammation.B. humoral immunity.C. complement
activity.D. cell mediated
immunity.E. phagocytosis.
inflammation.
humoral immunity
.
complement a
ctivit
y.
cell m
ediated immunity
.
phagocyto
sis.
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Helper T cells
A. secrete antibodies.B. function in allergic
reactions.C. directly destroy target
cells.D. suppress immune
reactions.E. activate B cells and
other T cells. se
crete
antibodies.
functi
on in alle
rgic r
eact...
directl
y destroy t
arget c
ells.
suppre
ss im
mune reacti
ons.
activate B ce
lls and oth
er..
17% 17% 17%17%17%17%
Class II MHC genes code for
A. certain secreted complement components.
B. self receptors recognized by natural killer cells.
C. all HLA antigens.D. receptors located primarily
on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.
E. All of the choices are correct.
ce
rtain se
crete
d comple...
self r
ecepto
rs re
cognize
d...
all HLA
antigens.
rece
ptors
locate
d primari.
.
All of t
he choice
s are
cor..
.
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The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is very different from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the
A. variable region.B. joining region.C. constant region.D. light region.E. hinge region.
variable re
gion.
joining regio
n.
consta
nt region.
light r
egion.
hinge region.
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T cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires
A. typically a protein antigen.
B. binding of T cell to a Class II MHC receptor on an antigen-presenting cell.
C. binding of T cell to a site on the antigen.
D. interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell.
E. All of the choices are correct.
typica
lly a pro
tein antigen.
binding of T ce
ll to a Class.
..
binding of T ce
ll to a si
te ..
interleukin-1 acti
vating ...
All of t
he choice
s are
cor..
.
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An example of artificial passive immunity would be
A. chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity.
B. chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox.
C. giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease.
D. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.
E. None of the choices are correct.
chick
enpox infecti
on is fo
...
chick
enpox vaccine tr
igge..
giving a
person im
mune ...
a fetu
s acq
uiring m
aterna..
.
None of the ch
oices a
re ...
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Soluble antigens are detected in this type of test:
A. cross-reactionsB. agglutinationC. precipitationD. specificityE. sensitivity
cross-
reactions
agglutinati
on
precipita
tion
specifi
city
sensiti
vity
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A serum titer involves
A. serially diluting a serum sample.
B. determining the lowest dilution of serum that produces a visible reaction.
C. determining the highest dilution of antigen that produces a visible reaction.
D. the Western blot method.E. None of the choices are
correct.se
rially
diluting a se
rum...
determining th
e lowest
d...
determining th
e highest ...
the W
estern
blot meth
od.
None of the ch
oices a
re ...
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Precipitation tests involve all the following except
A. they rely on formation of visible clumps for detection.
B. they include the VDRL test for syphilis.
C. they are often performed in agar gels.
D. they can be done in a test tube by carefully adding antiserum over antigen solution.
E. a cloudy or opaque zone developing where antigen and antibody react
they re
ly on form
ation of...
they in
clude th
e VDRL tes..
.
they are
often perform
ed ..
they ca
n be done in a te
s...
a cloudy o
r opaque zo
ne...
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When serum proteins are separated by electrophoresis and then antibodies specific for the serum proteins are placed in a parallel trough in order to form
reaction arcs for each protein, the test is called
A. Ouchterlony double diffusion.
B. Western blot.C. immunelectrophoresisD. ELISA
Ouchterlo
ny double diffu...
Weste
rn blot.
immunelectr
ophoresis
ELISA
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Viral hemagglutination testing
A. uses a red blood cell that naturally reacts with viral antigens.
B. analyzes patient serum for specific antibodies to a virus.
C. has hemagglutination if the patient serum lacks virus specific antibodies.
D. is used to diagnosis viral diseases such as rubella and mononucleosis.
E. All of the choices are correct.use
s a re
d blood cell t
hat...
analyzes p
atient seru
m f..
has hemagglu
tination if t..
is use
d to diagnosis
viral ..
.
All of t
he choice
s are
cor..
.
20% 20% 20%20%20%
All of the following characterize the secondary response to an antigen except
A. a higher titer of antibody is produced than the primary response.
B. a longer persistence of antibody than with the primary response.
C. a quicker rate of antibody synthesis than the primary response.
D. it is mostly IgM antibodies that are produced.
E. it is also known as the anamnestic response.
a higher tite
r of a
ntibody...
a longe
r persi
stence
of a...
a quicker r
ate of a
ntibod...
it is m
ostly I
gM antibodie...
it is a
lso kn
own as th
e ...
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Cytotoxic T cells
A. stimulate B cell proliferation.
B. lack specificity for a target cell.
C. secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells.
D. secrete interleukin-2 to stimulate B and T cells.
E. All of the choices are correct.
stimulate
B cell p
rolife
ra...
lack sp
ecificit
y for a
targ..
secre
te granzy
mes and p...
secre
te in
terleukin
-2 to s.
..
All of t
he choice
s are
cor..
.
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Monoclonal antibodies
A. originate from a single B cell clone.
B. have a single specificity for antigen.
C. are secreted by hybridomas.
D. are used in immunology lab tests and cancer therapy.
E. All of the choices are correct.
originate
from a si
ngle B ce
..
have a si
ngle specifi
city f..
are se
crete
d by hybrid
omas.
are use
d in im
munology l..
All of t
he choice
s are
cor..
.
20% 20% 20%20%20%
The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is
A. IgA.B. IgD.C. IgE.D. IgG.E. IgM.
IgA.IgD.
IgE.IgG.
IgM.
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Which process involves antibodies coating
microorganisms in order to facilitate phagocytosis? A. NeutralizationB. OpsonizationC. Complement
fixationD. AgglutinationE. Anamnestic
response
Neutraliz
ation
Opsoniza
tion
Complement fixation
Agglutination
Anamnestic r
esponse
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Which is incorrect about the Fc region of an antibody?
A. It determines the antibody's distribution in the body.
B. It forms the antigen binding sites.
C. It contains an effector molecule that can bind to cells such as macrophages and mast cells.
D. It contains an effector molecule that can fix complement.
E. It determines the class to which the immunoglobulin belongs.
It dete
rmines t
he antibody..
It form
s the antige
n bindi..
It conta
ins an effecto
r m...
It conta
ins an effecto
r m...
It dete
rmines t
he class
t...
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Superantigens are
A. body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign.
B. cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members.
C. bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens.
D. those that evoke allergic reactions.
E. None of the choices are correct.
body tissu
es that t
he i...
cell m
arkers
found in
so..
bacte
rial to
xins t
hat acti
...
those
that e
voke allerg
ic...
None of the ch
oices a
re ...
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