‘The toilet’

Etymology

• The word toilet originally referred to the toile; french for ‘cloth’ and the whole process of dressing up• WC refers to the initial letters of Water Closet • France: "le vay-say” / Italy: "vi-ci / Romania : "veh-cheu” /Hungary :"vey-tsay” /

Netherlands:"waysay” / Germany and Switzerland :"ve-tse” / Denmark: "ve-se” / Norway :"vay-say” / Poland: "vu-tse”

• The Dunny is an Australian expression for an outside toilet or outhouse

• The Privy used in North of England and Scotland• The netty used in North East England (neccessity)

History

• 3000 BC Christ features of stone huts equipped with drains extending from recesses in their walls

• The Palace of Knossos on Crete, built around 1,700 B.C., features definite latrines: large, earthenware pans connected to a water supply that ran through terra-cotta pipes

• Europeans had nothing of comparable sophistication until well into the 16th century

• - Ancient Rome is famous for its public bathhouses — the Baths of Caracalla are six times larger than St. Paul's Cathedral and could serve 1,600 people at once — and the Roman commitment to hygiene didn't stop with just bathing

• public toilets were eventually replaced with something slightly more recognizable to the modern-day defecator: a box with a lid

• France's Louis XI hid his toilet behind curtains and used herbs to keep his bathroom scented

• England's Elizabeth I covered her commode in crimson velvet bound with lace.

• Bathroom technology really took off in the 20th century• Flushable valves, water tanks that rest on top of the bowl rather

than above, toilet-paper rolls (invented in 1890) • 1994 Congress passed the Energy Policy Act, requiring common

flush toilets to use only 1.6 gallons of water, less than half of what they consumed before

• The "low flow" law left a lot of consumers dissatisfied until companies developed better models, many of which — if we're lucky enough to be counted among the 60% of the world's population with access to proper sanitation — we use today

3. Society and Politics

• 40% of the global population does not have access to "good" 'excreta disposal facilities'--they live mostly in Asia and Africa

• 19th November World Toilet Day celebrated in 19 countries hosted by various water and sanitation advocates

• World Toilet Organization created WTD to raise global awareness of the struggle 2.6 billion face every day without access to proper, clean sanitation.WTD also brings to the forefront the health, emotional and psychological concequences

Culture

• different ways to clean oneself after using the toilet depends significantly on national mores and local resources

• An important part early childhood education is toilet training• Western society is toilet paper or sometimes using a bidet• In the Middle East and some countries in Asia, and South Asian

countries such as India and Pakistan, the custom is to use water, either with or without toilet paper.

• Traditionally, the left hand is used for this, for which reason that hand is considered impolite or polluted in many eastern countries

• The Islamic faith has a particular code, Qaḍāʼ al-Ḥājah describing islamic toilette etiquette

Toilet art

Design and Architecture

Photography

Painting

installation

Toilet paper rolls

A toilet for each country

Japan

China

China

New Zealand

Germany

Switzerland

Thanks for your attention