today’s standard ss6h6 the student will analyze the impact of european exploration and...
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Today’s StandardSS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of
European exploration and colonization on various world regions.
a. Identify the causes of European exploration and colonization; include religion, natural resources, a market
for goods, and the contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator.
Intro to our…..Essential Question
What factors, including the contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator, influenced European
nations to begin overseas exploration?
R26The Age of Exploration
Trade Between Europe & Asia
During the Middle Ages, the people of Europe knew
little about the rest of the world.
One man did much to change his people’s views of far away places in the east.
An Italian merchant named Marco Polo would expose Europeans to the lives of
people a half a world away for the first time.
Trade Between Europe & Asia
Marco Polo traveled all the way to China.
He spent many years living with Kublai Khan, a
leader in China.
Upon his return to Europe, he told stories of “mountains higher than birds can fly” (Himalaya’s) & of “black stones that would burn”
(coal).
Trade Between Europe & Asia
The stories of Marco Polo inspired other Europeans to explore
these unknown places.
Many of these explorers established trade with these
faraway places in Asia & Africa.
Europeans enjoyed desirable products such as:
New Spices, Fine Silk, Fine Cottons, Precious Stones, Tea, Ivory, & Many Other
Goods
The Asian Spice TradeBefore refrigeration, meat and
fish spoiled quickly.
To help preserve these foods and make them taste better,
Europeans employed the use of spices.
This made the Asian spice trade very important to Europe.
Many European merchants became quite wealthy.
The Silk Road
For many years, the silk road was the main trade route between Asia & Europe.
The CrusadesBetween the 11th & 13th centuries, the Christians of Europe
fought against the Muslims of the Middle East for control of the Holy Land (modern Israel & surrounding areas).
The Christians of Europe ultimately lost the Crusades & with it, easy access to the silk road.
After the Crusades…
The only Europeans that were allowed easy access
to the silk road traders were Italian merchants from Venice & Genoa.
They inflated the prices & soon European kings & queens wanted to find
their own routes by sea to avoid getting ripped off by the Italian traders.
.
Leaders in Exploration
Possibly because of its geographic location, Portugal became a leader in exploration.
The Portuguese had a head start on
navigating the Atlantic Ocean and western
coast of Africa.
Leaders in Exploration
Prince Henry of Portugal, orPrince Henry the Navigator
as he was called, was determined to find a safer,
cheaper trade route to Asia.
Henry was convinced that there was an all-water route to the “Indies” (India) from Europe.
He thought that his explorers could go around Africa to get
there.
Leaders in Exploration
To help achieve his goal, Prince Henry established a
school for sailors in 1418.
The best cartographers, sailors, & astronomers in
Europe were assembled at this school.
The sailors learned how to use the stars to find their
way at sea.
Leaders in Exploration
Though Henry did not go on these expeditions, he sent
many sailors down the west coast of Africa.
They came back with many new things, like ivory &
gold.
By the time Henry died in 1460, his sailors had made
it as far as Sierra Leone.
Leaders in Exploration
After Henry’s death, Portuguese explorers
continued to push farther down the West African
coast.
In 1487, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of
Africa.
The Portuguese called it the“Cape of Good Hope.”
Leaders in Exploration
Less than a decade later, Vasco da Gama led an expedition all the way to
India.
Vasco da Gama traveled 317 days before reaching the
coast of India.
He was the one who achieved the goal of Prince Henry
the Navigator.
Leaders in ExplorationPortugal was not the only country in the exploration
business.
Spain & England also sought a trade route of their own.
Some explorers thought that the easiest way to get to the east was to sail west.
They had no idea that the America’s existed.
Spanish Exploration
In 1492, an Italian named Christopher Columbus& 90 crew members left
Spain on 3 ships.
The Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria.
This voyage to find a westerly route to Asia was funded
by Spain.
Spanish ExplorationAt first, the crew began to
lose faith.
They had underestimated the size of the Atlantic Ocean.
After about 3 months at sea, they spotted land.
He thought he had found Asia.
He actually landed in the Caribbean & claimed it for
Spain.
Spanish Exploration
In 1519, Spain again funded an attempt at finding a westerly route to Asia.
This time it was Ferdinand Magellan that left Spain in
search of a route.
He left with over 200 sailors and 5 ships.
Magellan’s journey was rough.
Spanish Exploration
Magellan had to deal with many problems such as
lack of food & fresh water.
He also had to deal with a small mutiny.
Magellan died in the Philippines during a battle
among native groups.
Spanish Exploration
After three years, only one ship with 18 men returned to Spain. They were the first people to circumnavigate, or
sail completely around the world.
English Exploration
Giovanni Caboto known in English as John Cabot, was
an Italian navigator and explorer commonly credited as one of the first early modern
Europeans to land on the North American mainland,
aboard the Matthew in 1497.
He was sent by Henry VII to find a northwest passage to Asia.
He landed at Newfoundland in modern Canada.
English Exploration
In 1610, an English sailor named Henry Hudson was also hired by the
British East India company to find a northwest
passage to Asia.
He accidentally ended up in what is now called the
Hudson Bay.
He began to map and explore its eastern shores.
English Exploration
His ship was stuck in the ice for sometime.
When the ice cleared, Hudson wanted to continue the journey, but his crew
rebelled.
They kicked him, his son, & some other’s off the ship &
headed home.
They were never found again.
The Outcomes of Exploration
The Kings & Queens of Europe sent out many explorers to find new
routes to Asia.
They ended up getting much more than
spices.
They ended up with many new territories and people to rule.
European Colonialism by 1763
A Clash of CulturesMany of these Kings and
Queens of Europe established colonies along
the coasts of North America, South America, &
Africa.
Many of these territories were already home to many indigenous, or native
populations.
They had ruled themselves for many years, and had
their own traditions.
Religious Conversion
All of the King’s and Queens of Europe were Christians.
Many of these rulers sent missionaries to try to
convert the natives from their traditional religions to
Christianity.
The leaders of Europe thought this might also stem the rising tide of
Islam in the world.
A Clash of CulturesAfter the arrival of the Europeans, the lives of these people would be
changed forever.
Some didn’t fight off the Europeans, others did.
The practice of one country controlling the government
and economy of another country or territory is
called imperialism, or “Empire Building.”
Colonialism is basically the same thing.
The Spread of Diseases
Many of the Europeans carried diseases from their native soil with
them to the New World.
Diseases like small pox, malaria, and
measles killed many indigenous people
who came in contact with Europeans.
Slavery
As time went on some Europeans began to use
indigenous populations as slaves.
Many Europeans began to buy slaves in western
Africa to use at home and in their colonies.
The slave trade began to grow tremendously.
Bartholomeu Dias
Vasco da Gama
Ferdinand Magellan
Christopher Columbus
John Cabot
Henry Hudson
Return to our…..Essential Question
What factors, including the contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator, influenced European
nations to begin overseas exploration?