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MEN’S TENNISBulldogs no longer undefeated following weekend in NashvillePAGE 12 SPORTS

HOUSINGCONNECTICUT MARKET SEES FAVORABLE SIGNSPAGE 3 CITY

SINGAPORENew program to explore experiential learning in the real worldPAGE 3 NEWS

AUTISMDIAGNOSING INFANTS EARLYPAGE 6–7 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Her Holiness? Several eager Yalies have drafted an o!cial White House petition urging the Obama administration to nominate University Vice President and Yale celebrity Linda Lorimer to the papacy. The popular administrator — who reached star status after she announced that classes would be canceled following Hurricane Sandy and last weekend’s blizzard — has been known to inspire ecstatic behavior among undergraduates. Upon receiving her emails, students have reportedly raised their hands in praise, looked up at the stars and chanted “Sunday night Toad’s!” in unison.

Speaking of Lorimer. Though the papal nominee has been sending warning emails to Yalies following the blizzard, she is reportedly in Paris right now, safely an ocean away from the Elm City’s 3 feet of snow. Before then, Lorimer was in Florida. Looks like you really can have it all.

Once again, Yale’s hookup culture takes the spotlight. In Helen Rittelmeyer’s review of Nathan Harden’s “Sex and God at Yale,” Rittelmeyer argued that the University’s pervasive hookup culture is not a result of declining morals, but rather Yale students’ natural desire to aim for perfection in all fields. Numerous hookups are a means of improving performance and reaching excellence, Rittelmeyer wrote.

Excited about no class? Not everyone. Some lucky Yalies still get to trudge through the snow and hit the books. Students in Mark Oppenheimer’s course “Classics of Political Journalism” will be meeting today and discussing McCarthyism. The lesson? Journalism stops for no one, not even Nemo.

New Haven Shakes. Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity brothers created their own version of the Harlem Shake in anticipation of their upcoming Smooch’d Valentine’s Day party this Thursday. The video, which has garnered over 2,000 views since it was published on Sunday, depicts, among other things, a fraternity brother ironing a printer and another two rubbing their nipples. Sounds like a party.

Horseplay in Swing. On Saturday, a group of Yalies took one of the Swing Space fire extinguishers and, “for no apparent reason,” threw the lifesaving device outside into one of the snow banks, according to an email sent to Swing residents from the Swing Space fellows.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY1969 An ad hoc Graduate School faculty committee releases a report proposing reforms in the humanities, including the construction of a Yale Center for Humanistic Studies and a shorter timetable for the Ph.D.

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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · VOL. CXXXV, NO. 87 · yaledailynews.com

BY SOPHIE GOULDSTAFF REPORTER

Starting this June, visit-ing tour groups will not be tak-ing many photos of the iconic entrance hall of Sterling Memo-rial Library.

During the upcoming resto-ration of the Sterling atrium — known as “the nave” in reference to its cathedral-like design — the space will be covered in sca"old-ing, and library patrons will have to navigate the room using “con-struction tunnels,” University Librarian Susan Gibbons said in a Monday email. The com-prehensive renovations, which were announced in fall 2011 after the Yale Tomorrow Campaign received an anonymous $20 mil-lion donation specifically des-ignated for restoring Sterling’s nave, will begin in June and are expected to be completed in fall 2014.

Though the project will pri-marily aim to restore the stained glass windows and fix leaks around the windows and ceiling, it will also reconfigure the nave as a destination where students can gather and converse, Gib-bons said. In preparation for the renovations, library sta" mem-

bers are brainstorming ways to reconfigure the setup of ser-vices temporarily in a way that will enable the library to operate smoothly during the construc-tion, said Associate University Librarian Kendall Crilly MUS ’86 GRD ’92.

“We’re really trying to limit the inconvenience to the users,” Crilly said.

Crilly said most of the changes in the way the library operates during the construc-tion will be unnoticeable to stu-dents besides the relocation of the three service desks currently in the nave to the nearby Franke Periodical Reading Room.

Sterling will continue to oper-ate throughout the renovations, Gibbons said, adding that the

Sterling nave to face renovations

BY JULIA ZORTHIANSTAFF REPORTER

Cory Booker LAW ’97, Newark mayor and potential United States Senate can-didate, will be delivering this year’s Class Day address on May 19.

Class Day Co-Chairs Jonny Barclay ’13 and Chantal Ghanney ’13 announced Booker as the Class Day speaker in an email to the class of 2013 on Monday night. Booker, currently in his second term of o!ce, is a rising figure on the national political scene, and Barclay and Ghanney told the News they chose him for his skills in oratory and hands-on attitude.

“In our mind, he represents this new, modern generation of public servants,” Barclay said. “We think that his amazing work in Newark and his ability to engage his constituents has really made a mark, and that sort of presence and force of character is something we’re very excited about.”

Barclay and Ghanney said Booker topped their list of potential Class Day speakers from “day one.” They started brainstorming options last spring with Special Assistant to the President and

Cory Booker named Class Day speaker

BY CYNTHIA HUA AND LORENZO LIGATOSTAFF REPORTERS

A lawsuit filed by Sarah Short SOM ’13, who was injured in the fatal U-Haul crash at the 2011 Yale-Harvard tailgate, has been amended to include Sigma Phi Epsilon Fra-ternity Inc. as a defendant in addition to Brendan Ross ’13 and U-Haul.

Short filed a memorandum with the New Haven Superior

Court on April 5, 2012, claim-ing she had suffered “severe and painful injuries” as a result of the crash, which killed a woman and injured two oth-ers including Short. Fourteen months after the incident, the lawsuit was amended on Jan. 28 to include Sig Ep as one of the defendants, as depositions indicated that Ross, the driver of the truck, was operating the vehicle on behalf of Yale’s chapter of the fraternity. Short

is seeking at least $50,000 in damages from Ross, Sig Ep and U-Haul.

Ross was driving a U-Haul into the tailgate area assigned to Sig Ep before the Yale-Har-vard football game on Nov. 19, 2011, when the vehicle accel-erated and swerved into the Yale Bowl’s D-Lot around 9:39 a.m., killing 30-year-old Nancy Barry from Salem, Mass., and injuring Short and Harvard employee Elizabeth

Dernbach. In a Feb. 1 hearing, Ross agreed to enter a proba-tionary program that will allow him to maintain his record, with his charges revised to reckless driving and reckless endangerment.

Eric Smith, Short’s attor-ney, said the amendment to the suit follows “the basic prin-ciple of vicarious liability,” a legal rule that imposes liability on an organization or employer for an act, error or omission by

one of its agents. In this case, Sig Ep is allegedly liable as Ross was driving the truck on behalf of the fraternity.

“The law is clear: When you’re acting as an agent for a principal, the principal can be held responsible for the negli-gence of the agent,” Smith said.

Witness depositions dur-ing the case confirmed that the truck had been rented by Sig

Sig Ep added to tailgate lawsuit

SEE SIG EP PAGE 5

SNOW DAY, TAKE TWO

BY MONICA DISARESTAFF REPORTER

With New Haven still recovering from the weekend blizzard’s wrath, classes have been canceled for a sec-ond day in a row.

As Elm City snow removal con-tinues, city and University offi-

cials decided to keep Yale students and employees off the streets for another day to expedite the cleanup process and promote campus safety. Although the main and second-ary roads in the city are now clear for vehicular traffic, some neigh-borhood roads — on which many Yale employees and professors live

— remain impassable. City Chief Administrative O!cer and Director of Emergency Management Rob-ert Smuts ’01 said on Monday after-noon that he hoped about 95 per-cent of the streets would be passable sometime this morning, but he

SEE STERLING PAGE 5

SEE CLASS DAY PAGE 4SEE BLIZZARD PAGE 4

L E O H I C K E Y 1 9 4 0 – 2 0 1 3

Paleontologist remembered for 30-year tenure

BY COLLEEN FLYNN AND YANAN WANGSTAFF REPORTERS

Leo Hickey, a leading scholar in the field of paleontology remembered by friends, fam-ily and colleagues for his sense of humor and breadth of academic interest, died of mela-noma Saturday morning at the Connecticut Hospice in Branford, Conn. He was 72.

A prominent figure in the field of paleobot-any, the study of plant fossils, Hickey came to Yale in 1982 to serve as director of the Pea-body Museum of Natural History and chaired the Geology and Geophysics Department from 2003 to 2006. Throughout his 30-year tenure, Hickey inspired numerous gradu-ate students to pursue work in the academic areas that fascinated him most, including the evolutionary history of flowering plants and stratigraphy, the study of rock stratifica-tion. Friends and family knew him as a viva-cious learner who was always eager to share his interests, spanning early Christian history, winemaking, poetry and Latin.

“He had a childlike view of the glory of the world and the beauty of nature,” said Hickey’s wife, Judy.

A native of Philadelphia, Hickey went to high school at a minor seminary in Indiana and earned a bachelor’s degree in geology from Villanova University in 1962. He first became interested in paleobotany as a doc-

SEE HICKEY PAGE 4

Leo Hickey, Yale paleontologist and former chair of the Geology and Geophysics Depart-ment, died Saturday morning at the age of 72.

BRIANNA LOO/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Students celebrated the University’s first cancellation of classes due to snow since 1978.

We’re really trying to limit the inconvenience to the users [of the library].

KENDALL CRILLY MUS ’86 GRD ’92Associate university librarian, Yale

YALE

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“No curves!” 'CRAZYBUS' ON 'FACULTY CONSIDER GRADING OVERHAUL'

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LEAD WEB DEV.Earl Lee Akshay Nathan

Soda’s deleterious health e!ects are well-docu-mented. This should have

made New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s plan for an experimental moratorium on the use of SNAP (food stamps) on soda and other nutrition-defi-cient foods a no-brainer.

Alcohol and tobacco are already verboten for SNAP because of their adverse health impacts. And not only is obesity bad for the obese, but there are third-party harms: we all foot part of the eventual health care bills (especially for the poor). But in August 2011, the U.S. Depart-ment of Agriculture blocked the proposal, scoring another vic-tory for the new Big Tobacco — the soda industry.

We spend over $70 billion annually on SNAP to help feed over 45 million Americans. Yale’s own Rudd Center for Food Pol-icy & Obesity has conducted research indicating that $2 billion in SNAP is used on sugary drinks. In other words, Big Soda has a lot of skin in the food stamps game; the e!ort to ensure universal adequate nutrition has substan-tially lined their pockets.

No surprise, then, that aggres-sive lobbying by trade groups and corporations like the Ameri-can Beverage Association, Pep-siCo and Coca-Cola has helped block a number of similar SNAP-restriction bills nationwide. These organizations utilize the rhetoric and arguments of anti-hunger advocates and libertar-ians. They suggest this policy will stigmatize the poor and per-petuate the myth that they make bad shopping choices, or that it is fundamentally “un-American” and Orwellian. The real explana-tion — that this boosts their bot-tom line — wouldn’t go over as well with the public.

These e!orts are emblematic of broader practice. Recently, Coca-Cola donated almost $10,000 to Christine Quinn’s NYC mayoral campaign in the hopes of overturning another health initiative there, the large-soda ban. When asked for com-ment, a Coke spokesman replied, “We support candidates that promote fair policies that enrich the communities and mar-ketplaces where Coca-Cola employees live and work.”

Discerning Yale students will recognize statements like this as tripe. Big Soda fights to enrich its co!ers, nothing more. Its weap-ons of choice include shameful political bribery and question-able scientific “research.”

These firms have also under-taken ethically suspect strategies to increase revenue, including aggressive marketing targeted at youths and minorities (jus-tified in the latter case as being “multiculturally sensitive”) and expanding operations in devel-oping countries with less capa-ble regulatory regimes or media watchdogs. For them, “freedom” means ensuring consumers are “free” to be inundated with manipulative ads constructed

by experts in consumer psy-chology. This c o r re s p o n d s to history. In 2000, Coca-Cola paid out what was then the largest set-tlement ever in a U.S. racial d i s c r i m i n a -tion case, for its abysmal treat-ment of black

employees. In the mid-2000s several Indian states banned Coke products, which had so much pesticide residue thanks to murky environmental practices, that farmers were spraying their crops with Coke. Refreshing.

All of which brings us to Yale. Obesity isn’t nearly as much a problem here as it is among the SNAP-using population of NYC; most of us drink soda in moder-ation, if at all. This might incline some of us to resist heavy-handed restrictions here.

But if we’re cognizant of the industry’s shady practices, then we must eliminate our own remaining soda consumption and stop subsidizing these com-panies’ lobbying and advertising e!orts, if only to protect commu-nities less able to resist them. We should start by getting rid of the dining hall soda dispensers.

A handful of residential col-lege cafeterias don’t constitute a large source of revenue for Coca-Cola, true. But inculcating norms that oppose soda — like incul-cating norms against tobacco — is inherently valuable. Yalies accustomed to healthier options will propagate these values in the communities where they live and work postgraduation.

Rooting out soda won’t be easy. Even here, the industry’s products and influence are per-vasive. PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi is a Yale trustee, and the com-pany funds a nutritional science fellowship at our School of Med-icine, a conflict of interest if I’ve ever heard one.

Whenever soda companies face this kind of criticism, they obfuscate, often rather e!ec-tively. They are run by smart people who realize that strategies like donating substantial sums to legitimate causes to win good-will, promoting diet sodas as “healthy” alternatives and assur-ing us they are a champion of poor minorities and a defender of American freedom can stave o! the e!orts of less-organized and less-wealthy public health advo-cates.

But unless we’re the kind of people who would have trusted the tobacco companies too when they told us cigarettes don’t lead to cancer, it’s time for all of us to move towards healthier and hap-pier communities by ditching soda at Yale.

MICHAEL MAGDZIK is a senior in Berkeley College. His column runs on

Tuesdays. Contact him atmichael.magdzik@yale.edu .

For an end to soda at Yale Over the past few weeks, I

have gotten clarity about two things: what I most

love to do, and the fact that few people seem eager to hire me to do it. After conferring with friends, it’s become clear that they’re fac-ing similar dilemmas: the things that we want to do don’t ask for resume drops or third-round interviews. How, then, to balance what we want with the reality of having a freshly minted bache-lor's degree?

For the past three years, I have been lucky enough to work at the Yale University Art Gallery as a teacher and guide. I learned how to approach teaching art history, how to facilitate varied experi-ences with di!erent kinds of art and how to communicate the overwhelming delight I felt in the museum’s collection to the people I led through the gallery. I fell in love with teaching art, and count the hours I spent in the art gallery as some of my happiest at Yale.

My friends who are actors, writers, artists and musicians have expressed similar feelings of joy when describing what they

do. My friends who are look-ing for jobs teaching or doing research or policy work have likewise found things that they are p a s s i o n a t e about. Some of us have found jobs we’re excited about; many — including

me — haven’t. This fact is a source of mingled

embarrassment, exhaustion and uncertainty. I’ve spent the last many months watching waves of friends get corporate, consulting, finance and tech job o!ers, heard them begin to make plans about where they’ll be next year. Some will go to graduate school; others are doing Teach for America. Even if they aren’t excited about what they’re doing, they have clar-ity, and are moving forward with their lives.

So I am torn: between wanting clarity, a city to move to, room-

mates and an apartment, and not yet wanting to settle for a cer-tainty that wouldn’t necessarily let me do what I love. At the same time, I know that such an ideal combination of factors, commu-nity and work may not be possible for next year.

When I shared this set of fears with friends, they added their own set of anxieties: They too want less conventional careers, and spoke to the reality that it often takes years for people to find the work they want in career trajectories that don’t begin with interviews and resume drops. In my anxiety about the future, I immediately began picturing a series of “lost years” — adrift from art museums or trapped in a series of unpaid internships, which are rapidly eroding the job market.

A certain paralysis sets in while looking for work: anxiety, com-pounded by insecurity, further compounded by the inevitable tiredness that comes at the end of nearly four years of studying and working. The end result is avoid-ing situations where people are likely to ask, “What are you doing

next year?” and panicked dodging of the question when it does rear its ugly head.

Of course, there are sav-ing graces: I am free to imag-ine my life wherever and doing whatever I want, which, though panic-inducing, is also liberat-ing. Someone may still hire me to teach in an art museum. And I still have hope — enough — that I will get to do the work I want in future years. Life is long, and the year after graduation is short by com-parison.

The solution? Probably grad-uate school. If no wants to hire me this time around, the solu-tion may be to return to the loving arms of Mother Yale or another like-minded institution that at least has an art museum for me to haunt. For now, I’ll wait and see, and sympathize with the other denizens of this land of uncer-tainty. We’re a tired and motley breed, deserving of your compas-sion. And possibly, if things don’t go well, of your couch as well.

ZOE MERCER-GOLDEN is a senior in Berkeley College. Contact her at

zoe.mercer-golden@yale.edu .

What we love

After I sat with him one day at lunch — he seemed lonely — I began to walk

Professor Edward Stankiewicz, 88 years old at the time, from the Timothy Dwight dining hall to his o"ce after lunch. Over the next year and a half, the trip gradually took longer and longer, though his o"ce, carefully decorated with his sketches and paintings and books, each of which he pointed towards and lovingly detailed, was only about a block away.

After saying goodbye to Rose-ann at the front counter — “Bye, Rosie!” “Bye, Ed! See you tomor-row.” — we would make our way through the maze of backpacks and chairs and out the door. Pro-fessor Stankiewicz, passionate professor of linguistics and Slavic languages and literature that he was, relished quizzing me along the way.

“Spell my name.”“STAN-KIE-WIC-Z.” I had

made a jingle to remember.“Where does your name come

from?”“My parents,” I muttered. Pro-

fessor Stankiewicz chuckled and corrected me as I moved a couch out of our way: From the Ancient Greek "Alexandros," my name means “defender of men.”

“What is the ablative plural of 'haec'?”

“Huius?” If I didn’t know this

at 9:20 in the morning in Latin class, I certainly couldn’t sum-mon it up extemporaneously.

I wrote down his response to my clueless stammer following the last question: “Despite the fact that you are utterly incapable of speaking Latin — you cannot even decline ‘lux,’ part of our own college’s motto! — I still think of you as my student.”

“Though if you were my stu-dent of Latin,” he added paren-thetically as we made our way through the doors and into the courtyard, “I would fail you. No question about it.”

One particularly nice day after lunch, I had a surprise for him as we sat on the bench halfway between the dining hall and the front gate with my stereo.

Sitting in the sun that after-noon, we listened first to a favor-ite recording of mine: Dame Joan Sutherland singing an excerpt from Meyerbeer’s “Robert le Dia-ble.”

“It is a remarkable trill, yes,” said Professor Stankiewicz, shak-ing his head and squinting sourly in the sun. “But she’s a songbird. She shows o!.”

I disagreed, and reluctantly switched to Bizet’s “Carmen,” his favorite. Sitting up, Professor Stankiewicz conducted our way through the overture, watch-ing a few TDers play volley-

ball in the upper courtyard. One player o!ered him the ball, ask-ing if he wanted to join. Professor Stankiewicz laughed and shook his head, saying, “Another time.” He interrupted himself then to inform me that the orchestra was preordaining the discord of the gypsy and her soldier: “Listen to the strings, Alexander. They tell us everything.”

We skipped to the “Habanera,” with Victoria de los Angeles sing-ing the gypsy lead. “No, no. She is Spanish, Defender of Men. The ‘g’ is hard — it’s Victoria de los AnGeles,” he corrected me before the soprano even had a chance to draw a breath.

The next week in the dining hall, I sat back in my chair and watched as Professor Stankie-wicz, giggling, sketched a gal-loping horse on a paper napkin. Master Thompson, a friend of his, sat across from the two of us and was spitting out all numbers of unprintable profanities in all numbers of languages. Between laughs, Professor Stankiewicz turned to me and translated phrase after phrase, each more colorful than the last.

This delight in languages, in art and in teaching was how Profes-sor Stankiewicz lived most of his life. It was because of these gifts, he told me, that he was able to delight in anything at all. Trapped

behind the barbed wire of Buch-enwald after a torturous four years on the run from the Gestapo — painting Soviet propaganda and waiting tables for a living, forging false documents so that other Jews might live — Profes-sor Stankiewicz’s mind roamed up and out of the concentration camp as he painted, discussed philosophy and art with those few other prisoners who were able to imagine and escape to a more decent place, read books from the Buchenwald “library” and wrote poems in both Polish and German. From even before the day the U.S. Army liberated those sent to Buchenwald to be forgotten, when he volunteered to work as a translator for the Army, to the days I spent with him, Pro-fessor Stankiewicz was a devoted teacher who cared for each of his many students.

I last saw Professor Stankie-wicz a few days before his 90th birthday, when his mind no lon-ger roamed free, when he was no longer the man I had met a year and a half before. His teaching and his friendship meant a great deal to me, Latin dropout that I am.

ALEX WERRELL is a senior in Tim-othy Dwight College. Contact him at

william.werrell@yale.edu .

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T A L E X W E R R E L L

Remembering lunches with a friend

Listening to some of the political discourse about whether the United States

should “intervene” in Syria, I wonder if neoconservatives have learned from the mistakes of the invasion of Iraq.

While Iraq in 2003 was a fun-damentally di!erent foreign pol-icy dilemma than Syria is today, the neoconservative approach to these and other complex chal-lenges seems to be unchanged. Leaders like Sen. John McCain continue to bluster about military intervention overseas without mentioning the associated costs to the American people. They mock coordination with our allies and partners as “leading from behind.” And they pine for fiscal responsibility even as they refuse to entertain any trimming of the defense budget.

These sentiments do a dis-service to our national debate on foreign policy and, specifi-cally, on American involvement in humanitarian crises overseas. Today’s debates seem to revolve solely around the question of when we should intervene in cri-ses overseas. But just as impor-tant as when we should intervene is how we should intervene.

In Syria, foreign policy hawks consistently promote the false dichotomy between doing noth-ing and military intervention. In fact, the Obama administration is currently providing humanitarian assistance and communications equipment to select elements of the Syrian opposition, and has been working both unilaterally and within the United Nations to pressure the Assad regime through diplomacy and economic sanctions. (Not to mention covert intelligence-gathering taking place in the region.)

Have these actions achieved their desired e!ect? Clearly not. The Assad regime is still in power, and the bloodshed continues. Does that mean arming the rebels would achieve the desired result? Not necessarily.

Let’s take two very real con-tingencies that could result from flooding arms into Syria too hast-ily, before we have credible infor-mation on the various factions within the Syrian opposition. First, U.S.-supplied arms could be intercepted by al-Qaida and used against Americans and our interests in the region. Second, the same surface-to-air mis-siles intended to shoot down Syr-

ian military jets might instead be used to shoot down Turkish or Israeli airliners.

These are risks that may even-tually be outweighed by the potential benefits of arming the rebels, but they are still possibil-ities that should be publicly con-sidered before, not after, the deci-sion to arm the rebels is made. It is alarming that proponents of this type of intervention seem eager to avoid this public debate.

Moreover, for neoconserva-tives, the military seems to be the only element of U.S. foreign pol-icy worth considering. But diplo-macy and development are also key pillars of American power. We know from history — and cer-tainly from the Iraq War — that American leadership and the success of our e!orts overseas stem from the investments we make and the emphasis we place on the intelligence community, State Department, USAID and our international partnerships. Using the military should be our last resort.

As we consider next steps in Syria, we must avoid falling into the same intervene-now-figure-it-out-later mentality that led us into Iraq. Our politicians cannot

simply demand more American involvement without explain-ing why or how this would fur-ther U.S. interests. Clamoring for American leadership does not make much sense if it leads us into the middle of a civil war. Calling opponents of arming the rebels in Syria “weak” doesn’t explain why that type of intervention would be e!ective in the first place.

No one is satisfied with the status quo in Syria, but we must still evaluate whether our policy options would improve or exacer-bate the situation.

Instead of devolving into a political debate over who is “strong” and who is “weak” on national security issues, our dis-course should instead revolve around whose approach is responsible. It should address whether the benefits outweigh the costs, and whether we have done all we can do to reduce uncertainty and the risk of failure. In the case of Syria, that’s a debate that is still yet to be had. It’s a debate that some would rather avoid.

JOSH RUBIN is a junior in Dav-enport College. Contact him at

joshua.a.rubin@yale.edu .

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T J O S H R U B I I N

A responsible debate on Syria

MICHAEL MAGDZIKMaking Magic

ZOE MERCER-GOLDEN

Meditations

NEWSYALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 3

NEWSC L A R I F I C A T I O N A N D

C O R R E C T I O N

MONDAY, FEB. 11The article “Faculty consider grading overhaul” stated that 40 years ago, only 10 percent of grades awarded by Yale College were A’s, and that last spring, that percentage was 62. Those percentages refer to grades in the A-range.

MONDAY, FEB. 11The article “Despite storm, IvyQ persists” mistakenly stated that Hilary O’Connell ’14 co-chaired the IvyQ conference with Carolyn Farnham ’13. In fact, Stefan Palios ’14 and Farnham were conference vice chairs, and O’Connell was conference chair.

“The only thing that interferes with my learn-ing is my education.” ALBERT EINSTEIN THEORETICAL PHYSI-

CIST WHO DEVELOPED THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

CT home market uncertain BY MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS

STAFF REPORTER

Despite an anemic economic recovery, home sales in Con-necticut increased in 2012 for the first time in seven years, reflecting national improvement in the housing market.

The 24,276 single-fam-ily homes sold represent an increase of 14.8 percent from 2011, according to a recent report from The Warren Group, a real estate research firm. The report also found that sales in the fourth quarter of 2012 increased 19 percent compared to the fourth quarter of 2011. Economists stressed caution, however, in drawing overly opti-mistic conclusions from the data, citing stalled job growth and political uncertainty in both Washington and Europe.

“There is a lot of uncertainty in home prices. People seem to be gaining too much confidence in the rebound,” Yale profes-sor and housing-market expert Robert Shiller told the News in a Monday email.

Others echoed Shiller’s skep-ticism. West Hartford town manager and economist Ron van Winkle said that, based on hous-ing data from the past 25 years, the market would not be con-sidered “healthy” until at least 30,000 single-family homes were sold in a year.

The report comes a year after Connecticut saw record-low home sales combined with a spike in state unemployment.

In 2011, a total of 21,141 single-family homes were sold in the state.

Connecticut home prices dropped 1.2 percent, from $243,000 in 2011 to $240,000 in 2012. Citing increased prices during the fourth quarter of last year, however, Warren Group CEO Timothy Warren Jr. remained optimistic.

“The market in Connecticut showed much improvement in 2012, compared to the previous year when we saw record lows for sales,” Warren said in a state-ment. “An improved employ-ment picture and consumer confidence boosted the housing market in 2012, and prices will slowly follow suit.”

C o n n e c t i c u t ’s h o u s i n g rebound reflects a national trend. In 2012, national home sales increased 9 percent to 4.65 million, the highest level since 2007, when the housing bubble burst, according to the National Association of Realtors. Despite the housing market’s mild

resurgence, the greater national recovery appears to have fal-tered, albeit slightly — con-sumer confidence, which rose through much of 2012, fell in January for the second month in a row, and unemployment remains at a relatively high 7.8 percent.

“[There is] uncertainty about the outlook for the whole U.S. economy, which has been very slow to recover after the finan-cial crisis, and uncertainties abroad too,” Shiller said. “Con-gress is on an austerity plan, of the kind that put the U.K. into recession. We may yet eliminate the mortgage interest deduc-tion, and government support for Fannie [Mae] and Freddie [Mac]. New regulations … make it harder for another bubble to gain a foothold.”

Van Winkle emphasized the importance of improvement in the job market in any long-term housing recovery. Currently, Connecticut’s unemployment rate stands at 8.6 percent — eight-tenths of a point higher than the national average.

“Sales will recover as job growth returns to the Connecti-cut economy,” van Winkle said.

Both Shiller and van Win-kle encouraged federal and state governments to avoid provid-ing incentives to homebuy-ers, although for di!erent rea-sons, with van Winkle citing low home prices and Shiller noting the possibility of a potentially destructive housing bubble.

“As for encouraging potential

homebuyers, I think that should be restricted to low-income homebuyers. We do not need to encourage the middle class back into another housing bub-ble,” Shiller said, referencing the 2006 housing bubble that led to the 2008 financial crisis.

In New Haven, however, the housing market has largely remained stable, according to Jack Hill, a realtor with New Haven-based Seabury Hill Real-tors. Hill noted that East Rock, Westville and Wooster Square have maintained “extremely strong” markets in the past two to three years.

Hill attributed the contin-ued strength of the New Haven market to low interest rates, the constant presence of professors and graduate students thanks to Yale and the perception among first-time buyers that home prices have “bottomed out.”

“There are always people buying because there are still jobs around here with Yale,” Hill said.

Noting a steady rental mar-ket, he added that investment from New Yorkers buying apart-ment buildings and multifamily homes in the city has also helped to maintain the market’s stabil-ity.

Connecticut home prices peaked in 2007, when they reached a median of $295,000 for a single-family home.

Contact MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at

matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu .

BY AMY WANGSTAFF REPORTER

A lawsuit filed by Yale last spring against a former stu-dent who defaulted on federal loan repayments has recently garnered national attention as an indicator of the growing amount of debt college stu-dents incur.

The University sued Eliza-beth Triggs ’05 in March 2012 for nonpayment of a loan from the Federal Perkins Loan Pro-gram, a low-interest loan given to students in need of additional financing for post-secondary education. Accord-ing to a filing before the New Haven Superior Court last year, Triggs defaulted in Sep-tember 2010, when she left a combined balance of $8,255 — a principal balance of $6,455 and $2,880 in collection fees. Federal law mandates that uni-versities pursue legal action against students with unpaid Perkins loans as a last resort for loan repayment.

Yale’s suit against Triggs, who could not be reached for comment, was first reported in a Feb. 5 article published by Bloomberg that outlined defaults on Perkins loans at several United States univer-sities

Dorothy Robinson, Univer-sity vice president and general counsel, said in a Sunday email that Yale’s default rate on Per-kins loans is less than 1 per-cent, adding that only a “small fraction” of Yale graduates who default on Perkins loans eventually get sued by the University. Yale has not made any Perkins loans to under-graduates since 2008, when Robinson said Yale expanded its grant aid and reduced the required self-help contribu-tions in students’ financial aid packages. In 2011, 22 per-cent of Yale graduates took out loans, compared to 43 percent in 2002.

“There are very few individ-uals whom Yale has had to sue in order to collect defaulted loans,” Robinson said. “Litiga-tion is truly a last resort in the collection process, which is mandated by the federal gov-ernment.”

Yale spokesman Tom Con-roy said in a Monday email that Yale usually does not sue former students who default on Perkins loans, adding that the national issue of student debt and default “is not a Yale problem” and both the num-ber of undergraduates at Yale who borrow and the average amount of money borrowed have been declining.

“The best thing any school

can do regarding student debt is to provide aid for students in need so that they do not need to borrow, and thanks to Yale College’s generous financial aid, Yale does that better than, or as well as, any school in the country,” Conroy said.

According to government data, students nationwide defaulted on $964 million in Perkins loans in 2011 — a 20 percent increase from the amount defaulted in 2006.

While most student loans are distributed and collected by the federal government, Perkins loans are administered by individual universities and the repayment money is recy-cled for loans to other stu-dents. Because Perkins loans are often given to the stu-dents with the greatest finan-cial need, the students “may have the least ability to pay it back,” Nancy Coolidge, asso-ciate director of student finan-cial support for the Univer-sity of California system, told Bloomberg.

The Federal Student Aid Handbook instructs univer-sities to provide borrowers with “maximum opportu-nity to repay” and notes that schools should take steps such as billing the student, send-ing overdue notices, conduct-ing address searches and — as a “more aggressive collection step” if billing procedures fail — hiring a collection firm or entering litigation. Students who default are given an initial grace period of nine months.

Other universities involved in lawsuits with former stu-dents over Perkins loans include George Washington University and the University of Pennsylvania, which filed more than a dozen Perkins lawsuits last year, according to court records. Bloomberg reported last week that Penn gave out more than $8 million in Perkins loans in the fiscal year that ended in June 2012.

Contact AMY WANG at amy.wang@yale.edu .

Yale sues student over loan default

BY ALEKSANDRA GJORGIEVSKASTAFF REPORTER

During the seventh week of school for Yale-NUS’s inaugu-ral class, students will leave cam-pus to participate in a weeklong project designed to provide them with hands-on research experi-ences.

Instead of attending their reg-ular classes, Yale-NUS students will take part in one of several projects that will bring students outside the traditional academic setting to promote “interdis-ciplinary and active learning,” said Bryan Garsten, a Yale polit-ical science professor and mem-ber of the social sciences faculty search committee for Yale-NUS. The initiative, entitled Learning Across Boundaries, comes as part of the Yale-NUS faculty’s broader e!ort to blend experiential and traditional learning in the Singa-porean college’s curriculum.

“Some of our faculty see this project as a chance to build expe-riential learning into the fabric of the college, but other faculty think of a liberal arts education as

taking some time away from the practical world,” Garsten said. “How to balance between the two perspectives remains one of the issues that is being discussed.”

Yale-NUS President Peri-cles Lewis said Learning Across Boundaries projects — such as one in which students might travel to Indonesia to research the e!ects of the 2004 tsunami — will emphasize experiential learning because they are exam-ples of integrating hands-on education into the common cur-riculum.

The initiative aims to expose students to in-depth research and to collaborations with faculty members early on in their college experience, said Brian McAdoo, a Yale-NUS professor who helped propose the initiative. The fac-ulty will design projects that will engage students with “current, real-world issues,” he added. All projects within Learning Across Boundaries will be interdisci-plinary, enabling students to syn-thesize knowledge from all their classes, McAdoo said.

“Addressing real-world prob-

lems necessitates work in the real world,” he said. “The boundaries we are trying to cross are not just those between the academic divi-sions within the curriculum, but also those between the college ivory tower environment and the real world.”

While Yale students boast active extracurricular and class-room lives, Garsten said, inter-sections between the two are often scarce. Initiatives such as Learning Across Boundaries will create an opportunity for Yale-NUS students to reflect on their

extracurricular activities and classes simultaneously, he said.

Yale-NUS professors inter-viewed said faculty involved in the design of the Singaporean college’s curriculum are trying to find the right balance between experiential and traditional instruction.

McAdoo said that while he does not think the new college should make experiential learn-ing its focus, it should harbor “a diversity of learning strategies.”

Yale-NUS Dean of Faculty Charles Bailyn said Yale-NUS demonstrates a commitment to both experiential and traditional learning, adding that the Learn-ing Across Boundaries initia-tive will not come at the expense of traditional classroom experi-ences.

The Learning Across Bound-aries initiative will end in a sym-posium, during which each group will share its experiences from the week.

Contact ALEKSANDRA GJORGIEVSKA at

aleksandra.gjorgievska@yale.edu .

Yale-NUS to o!er experiential learning

0

10000

50000GRAPH CONN. HOUSING MARKET

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

50,000

40,000

10,000

20,000

30,000

MEDIAN SINGLE-FAMILY HOME PRICES

TOTAL SALES OF SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES

2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

BY THE NUMBERS LOANS

$8,255 Amount on which Elizabeth Triggs ’05 defaulted, prompting Yale to file suit

22Percent of graduates from Yale in 2011 who took loans, down from 43 percent in 2002

$9K Average debt for Yale graduates in 2012

$25K Average national debt for college graduates in 2012

$964MTotal amount in Perkins loans on which students nationwide defaulted in 2011

Litigation is truly a last resort in the collection process, which is mandated by the federal government.

DOROTHY ROBINSONVice president and general counsel, Yale

University

The boundaries we are trying to cross are … those between the college ivory tower environment and the real world.

BRIAN MCADOOProfessor, Yale-NUS

We do not need to encourage the middle class back into another housing bubble.

ROBERT SHILLERProfessor, Economics Department and

School of Management

toral candidate at Princeton University in the 1960s, when he discovered that scientists often misclassify certain plant fossils called angio-sperm leaf fossils, Geology and Geophysics Department Chair Jay Ague said. Hickey then set out to establish a more precise method of studying fossils by examining their leaf remains.

After he left Princeton, Hickey went to the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D.C., where he studied the leaves of flowering plants and developed an innovative method of plant classification that has been adopted by scien-tists worldwide. Hickey was the primary sci-entist behind four permanent exhibits at the Smithsonian and later helped develop seven exhibits at the Peabody including the Creta-ceous Garden, which debuted in 2011. Hickey was awarded the Raymond C. Moore Medal, one of the most prestigious international prizes in paleontology, in 2009.

Scott Wing ’76 GRD ’81, Hickey’s first stu-dent and lifelong friend, said Hickey was ani-mated by exploration and had an infectious enthusiasm for his work even late in his life.

Colleagues and students remembered Hickey not only as a dedicated and pioneering academic, but also as a man who worked hard to make science accessible to everyone.

“Leo was always so open and willing to be helpful that you never felt intimidated,” said Daniel Peppe GRD ’09, a former advisee who now teaches paleobotany at Baylor University.

Every fall that Hickey taught the undergrad-uate course “Stratigraphy,” he would place a di!erent type of rock on each step of the Kline Geology Laboratory stairway and ask students to identify the rocks and to use their sequence on the steps to predict the kind of environment from which they were extracted, Hickey’s col-leagues recalled. Peppe said the assignment was a novel way of approaching the study of stratig-raphy, adding that Hickey loved fieldwork and always tried to simulate the experience for his students if they were unable to conduct field-work themselves.

Robert Burger ’93, assistant provost for sci-ence and technology, said his summer working with Hickey in Wyoming was one of the high-lights of his undergraduate years, adding that Hickey’s enthusiasm for his fieldwork was con-tagious even though Burger was not primarily interested in paleobotany.

“Leo’s philosophy was that it is important for students to see a specimen that is one-of-a-kind in the world, and to handle it, study it, examine it,” Ague said. “He advocated hands-on learning — that’s something you can’t get on the Internet.”

Judy, Hickey’s wife, said her husband often took the family into the field, adding that all three of their sons developed an appreciation for paleontology.

Peppe said Hickey, who had “very, very dry humor,” enjoyed wordplay and making puns. Ague recalled that during faculty meetings, he and Hickey often competed in “pun wars,” and Hickey usually emerged victorious.

“He usually could come up with one more pun than I could, and he always laughed heart-ily once the joke was revealed,” Ague.

But when it came to research and teaching, Hickey approached his work with intensity and demanded similar dedication of his students. Evan Sniderman ’13, who took “History of Life” and “Stratigraphy” with Hickey, said his pas-sion for the subject inspired students to tackle their course work with equal vigor. Sniderman said Hickey came into class on the first day of “Stratigraphy” and told students to expect two credits’ worth of work, though the class was only worth one credit. Sniderman added that students in the class were motivated by the rig-orous standards Hickey imposed on himself.

In addition to his extensive contributions to paleontology, Hickey was passionate about Celtic and early Christian history and had a rich background in the classics. He was also a lover of music and poetry, and he wrote poems that he shared with his friends and family.

“He was often called a Renaissance man by those who knew him, because he had a broad knowledge of so many things,” his wife said.

A Roman Catholic, Hickey was a member of the St. Thomas More Chapel. Geology and geophysics professor Karl Turekian said he and Hickey often had long discussions about the impact of their religious philosophies on their lives. While his viewpoint often di!ered greatly from Hickey’s, Turekian noted Hickey was always a sympathetic listener and valued diverse perspectives.

Hickey is survived by his wife, his three sons — Geo!rey, Damian and Jason — and his three grandchildren.

Contact COLLEEN FLYNN at colleen.flynn@yale.edu.

added that cleanup e!orts will con-tinue throughout the day.

Monday marked the first day the University has canceled classes due to snow since 1978. The bliz-zard, which dumped 34 inches on New Haven, is the worst since 1897, Smuts said.

“We ended up with something that we haven’t faced in over 100 years,” Smuts said. “We don’t have the type of equipment or practice that a city like Syracuse, N.Y., has.”

In the wake of the storm, Presi-dent Barack Obama declared a state of emergency for Connecticut, pro-viding federal aid for snowstorm cleanup. According to Smuts, New Haven was hit with heavier snow-fall than nearly any other city in the state.

University President Richard Levin and Mayor John DeStefano Jr.

met Monday morning and decided that conditions in New Haven were not suitable for classes on Tuesday. An email sent to the Yale community by University Vice President Linda Lorimer Monday afternoon said that classes were canceled at the request of the mayor.

Levin said that the decision to cancel classes came down to wor-ries about safety for Yale employees commuting to work and pedestrians on campus.

“[DeStefano] felt it would just be better,” Levin said. “We have 12,000 employees, a large fraction of whom drive in the center of town. He felt if we could keep that minimized, that would be safer and give the cleanup crews more time to get the job done.”

In addition, City Hall, Gateway Community College, New Haven Public Schools, city senior cen-ters and the New Haven Free Public Library will be closed today.

While Yale did not su!er wide-spread power outages or sustain any heavy damage from the storm, there were several incidents in which stu-dents were nearly struck by vehicles, said Martha Highsmith, the Univer-sity associate vice president. High-smith added that it was responsible to shut down most University ser-vices to avoid bringing thousands of employees to downtown New Haven.

“The academic enterprise is first and foremost on a regular day, but in extreme circumstances, we have to worry for the safety of the commu-nity,” said Highsmith.

In addition, some city sidewalks have not yet been cleared, which Yale Director of Emergency Manage-ment Maria Bou!ard said forces stu-dents to walk in the streets. Bou!ard added that increased pedestrian and automobile tra"c could make com-muting less safe. In addition, though

many streets are classified as “pass-able,” the definition of “passable” is that one lane is cleared, mak-ing it possible for emergency vehi-cles to use the road, Smuts said. City crews are still working to clear entire streets and get tra"c back to nor-mal.

University o"cials have not yet determined whether classes will be held Wednesday but hope that con-ditions in New Haven will soon be close to normal again, Highsmith said. Smuts said he is hopeful that the city will be able to clean up sig-nificantly today, but he added that recovery time is uncertain in natu-ral disasters such as this weekend’s blizzard.

Metro-North trains resumed ser-vice between Stamford and New Haven Monday morning.

Contact MONICA DISARE at monica.disare@yale.edu .

FROM THE FRONTPAGE 4 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

“Moviemaking is the slowest business on earth next to fossil manufacture.” AARON LATHAM AMERICAN JOURNALIST

Jonathan Edwards College Mas-ter Penelope Laurans, who serves as the administrative liaison to the Class Day co-chairs. The co-chairs also reached out to the Senior Class Council and other members of the class of 2013 to gauge their peers’ interest in a certain type of speaker and collaborated with Laurans to select a final choice.

Ghanney said she was impressed after seeing videos of Booker speaking, including his Com-mencement speech at Stanford University last year.

“I like to believe that that’s just a warm-up for Yale,” she added.

The University does not pro-vide Class Day speakers with mon-etary compensation, and Ghanney declined to comment on how the University extended the invitation to Booker.

Last year, journalist Barbara Walters delivered the Class Day address, and previous Class Day speakers include actor Tom Hanks, former President Bill Clinton LAW ’73, former New York Gov. George Pataki ’67, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and journalists Fareed Zakaria ’86 and Anderson Cooper ’89.

Booker has served as the mayor of Newark, N.J., since 2006, and his accomplishments in office include supporting charter schools in Newark and reducing the city’s crime rates. He has also established a public persona outside of City Hall for spontaneous charitable actions such as shoveling a New-ark resident’s driveway and rescu-ing his neighbor from a house fire.

Last month, Booker formed a United States Senatorial Campaign Committee by filing paperwork with the Federal Election Com-mission, completing the first step toward fundraising for New Jer-sey’s 2014 Senate race. In January,

Booker told “Meet the Press” that he intends to run for the Senate, but he has not o"cially announced his campaign.

University President Richard Levin said he is excited about Book-er’s selection.

“Cory Booker is an extraordinary young leader who’s done a tremen-dous job in Newark,” he said.

Levin said the school extended an invitation to Booker to speak at Class Day before speculation began about his 2014 senatorial cam-paign, adding that his “extraordi-nary work” as mayor has qualified him to be speaker, future possibili-ties aside.

Seniors interviewed expressed mixed responses to the choice of Booker as Class Day speaker. Four students said they look forward to hearing from an energetic politi-cal figure, but four said they are not particularly excited because they knew very little about Booker before the announcement.

David Sack ’13 said he has been a “big fan” of Booker since hearing him on National Public Radio three years ago.

“He’s really interesting — I think he’ll be president one day,” Sack said. “He’s kind of a dark-horse candidate [as the Senior Class Day speaker], but in 10 years everyone’s going to be really happy that they heard him.”

Andres Fuentes-Afflick ’13

said he generally admires Booker but felt “underwhelmed” by the announcement.

“I think for all the juice Yale has, they could have done better,” Fuen-tes-A#ick added.

Booker has delivered eight com-mencement speeches since 2009.

Contact JULIA ZORTHIAN at julia.zorthian@yale.edu .

Class Day speaker announced

Classes canceled for a second day

BLIZZARD FROM PAGE 1

HICKEY FROM PAGE 1

CLASS DAY FROM PAGE 1

Hickey led ‘hands-on’ learning

EMMA HAMMARLUND/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The weekend’s blizzard left 34 inches of snow, making it the worst snowstorm in New Haven since 1897.

CREATIVE COMMONS

Cory Booker LAW ’97, the mayor of Newark, N.J., will give this year’s Class Day address on May 19.

Cory Booker is an extraordinary young leader who’s done a tremendous job in Newark.

RICHARD LEVINPresident, Yale University

Leo’s philosophy was that it is important for students to see a specimen that is one-of-a-kind in the world, and to handle it, study it, examine it.

JAY AGUEChair, Geology and Geophysics Department

FROM THE FRONT “My alma mater was books, a good library. … I could spend the rest of my life reading, just satisfying my curiosity.” MALCOLM X AFRICAN-AMERICAN

MUSLIM MINISTER AND HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVIST

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 5

Fraternity sued for link to U-Haul crashEp for a fraternity-sponsored event and operated within the scope of the fraternity, Smith said. After being provided with the information regarding the U-Haul tailgating crash roughly two months ago, Short’s attor-ney filed a request with the New Haven Superior Court on Jan. 14 to add Sig Ep as an additional defendant in the trial. Fourteen days later, the court granted the request.

Sigma Phi Epsilon is a national organization with non-distinct local chapters, Smith said, and the Yale chapter is

not a separate entity from the national group. Will Kirkland ’14, president of the Yale chapter of Sig Ep, deferred comment to the national organization Mon-day.

Kathy Johnston, director of risk management for the Sigma Phi Epsilon national organi-zation, declined to comment on behalf of the organization but said the fraternity has not been served a summons from the court. Multiple representa-tives of Sig Ep declined to pro-vide contact information for the organization’s attorney.

Smith said that he was recently introduced to lawyers

representing Sig Ep over phone. While no hearings have been held yet, the two parties have exchanged paperwork in prepa-ration for litigation.

The fraternity could be held responsible for Ross’ actions in two cases: if Ross was act-ing as an agent on the organi-zation’s behalf, or if the orga-nization itself was negligent in creating unsafe circumstances or not following protocol, said Steven Ecker ’84, an attorney for the family of Nicholas Grass ’05 in a 2005 lawsuit against DKE following a 2003 car crash that killed four Yale students and injured five others on the

way back to campus from a DKE event. In the Grass case, which is still ongoing, the lawsuit alleges the negligence of the organiza-tion.

Short’s case, which is not connected with the Grass case except that the two are based on the same legal principle, alleges Ross was acting as an agent of Sig Ep, Smith said. In such cases, a fraternity can be found to be responsible if the individual is shown to be act-ing on behalf of the fraternity or engaged in a fraternity activ-ity, said Joshua She!er, a Greek organization and hazing lawyer.

Ross, who passed a field

sobriety test at the scene of the crash, pleaded not guilty to mis-demeanor charges of negligent homicide with a motor vehicle and reckless driving in Septem-ber 2012. His charges were later revised to reckless driving and reckless endangerment under a plea deal, making him eligible for accelerated rehabilitation, a probationary program that o!ers first-time o!enders a path to a clean record upon comple-tion of probation without viola-tion.

Immediately following the accident, the NHPD launched a forensics investigation, which concluded that Ross “applied

no brakes [on the U-Haul] as he traveled through the crowd” and “failed to maintain control of his vehicle, and, instead, acceler-ated into a crowd of people.”

In addition to the lawsuit filed by Short, Ross still faces another civil lawsuit from Bar-ry’s mother, Paula St. Pierre. The victim’s mother plans to file a suit after criminal proceedings conclude, according to Ralph Sbrogna, her Worcester, Mass.-based personal injury lawyer.

Contact CYNTHIA HUA at cynthia.hua@yale.edu. Contact

LORENZO LIGATO at lorenzo.ligato@yale.edu .

library is working to find ways to draw attention to the di!erent study spaces in Sterling while the Franke Periodical Read-ing Room is used for the service desks.

Gibbons said the library may create a system to track the daily noise levels during the con-struction in the areas surround-ing the nave — such as the Starr Reading Room — so that stu-dents can decide in advance whether to study in Sterling.

“The noise level of the con-struction is the real unknown,” Gibbons said. “I suspect there will be days when the construc-tion noise levels on the [first] floor of Sterling will be very dis-tracting for the library sta! and students.”

Before construction begins, Gibbons said library staff will move the paintings, tapestries, exhibit cases, computers and other furniture out of the nave starting in May. The sta! work-stations in the library basement will also be upgraded with new desks to accommodate the sta! members who will be moved out of the nave during the renova-tion, Crilly said.

The Wright Reading Room in the Sterling basement and the three seminar rooms that surround it will be temporar-ily a!ected this summer, Crilly said, because construction workers will need to install a modern heating and air condi-tioning system into the ceilings of those rooms. The area will be available for normal use by next fall, he added.

Crilly said that the stonework and woodwork in the nave also need to be cleaned and repaired.

“There are active leaks around the windows and ceiling which are damaging the stone walls of the nave,” Gibbons said.

All stained glass windows in the nave that are exposed to the outside will be removed and sent to stained glass workshops for restoration, Crilly said, adding that the windows were created in the 1930s.

“They’re failing on us because of conditions over the years,” Crilly said.

Gibbons said the new nave will have one central service desk instead of three, and will have better lighting and sig-nage to highlight the location of the entrance to the stacks. She added that the addition of tables and comfortable chairs in the card catalog area will help the nave become a place where stu-dents can study and relax.

Crilly said the Linonia and Brothers Reading Room, also known as the “Green Room,” will reopen this spring and will remain open during the nave restoration. The room is cur-rently being used by library sta! during the renovation of a por-tion of the “technical services area,” which had faced serious leaks during recent rainstorms, he said.

Six students interviewed said they do not anticipate that the renovations will significantly a!ect them because they do not spend time in the nave itself and can study elsewhere if noise lev-els become too loud in Sterling’s reading rooms. But two of the six students added that they will miss the nave’s aesthetic quali-ties while it is under construc-tion.

“When people come visit me, I take them to Sterling because it’s the nicest library,” said Maia Eliscovich ’16. “If there’s dust and construction noises, I’ll stop going.”

Sterling has nearly 3,300 panes of stained glass in total, designed by G. Owen Bonawit.

Contact SOPHIE GOULD at sophie.gould@yale.edu .

Sterling atrium to receive facelift

SIG EP FROM PAGE 1

STERLING FROM PAGE 1

recyclerecyclerecyclerecycleYOUR YDN DAILY

I suspect there will be days when the construction noise levels on the [first] floor of Sterling will be very distracting for the library sta! and students.

SUSAN GIBBONSUniversity librarian, Yale

JOYCE XI/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The $20 million renovation of the Sterling Memorial Library atrium will begin in June and is expected to be completed by fall 2014.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

BY MAREK RAMILOSTAFF REPORTER

To improve their ability to treat autism, researchers are working to iden-tify symptoms of the condition in infants as young as 6 months old.

A team led by pediatrics profes-sor Katarzyna Chawarska of the Yale School of Medicine’s Child Study Cen-ter is attempting to discern the link between attention deficits and the risk of autism in patients with a family his-tory of the disorder. The study’s results point to a higher incidence of inatten-tiveness in 6-month-old infants who were later diagnosed with autism them-selves. These findings were first pub-lished online in the January 2013 issue of Biological Psychiatry.

“For a number of years, we’ve been working on identifying early signs of autism. We want to understand the ear-liest age when the developmental trajec-tories of infants who later develop autism begin to diverge from those that we see in typically developing children, or children without disorders,” Chawarska said.

Chawarska’s study used innovative vision-tracking technology to analyze the reactions of 67 at-risk infants and 50 control group infants to visual, audi-tory and social stimuli. The infants were shown a video of a woman performing various familiar tasks — such as playing with toys — as she addressed the viewer directly. Ultimately, the children with a family history of autism tended to spend less time watching the video and mak-ing eye contact with the woman than the children without any autistic predisposi-tions, Chawarska said.

“We were very excited because the study tells us that, at 6 months, the chil-

dren who later develop autism have di!-culty selecting important social features from their visual field,” Chawarska said.

Children with attention deficits, such as the at-risk infants in this study, may have trouble interacting even with close individuals such as parents, which researchers said could indicate future developmental problems.

“Even a small di!culty in attending continuously to mom’s face when some-thing important happens may have influ-ence later on what children learn about people in the world and communication,” Chawarska said.

This discovery could have huge impli-cations in doctors’ ability to detect autism within the first year of infants’ lives, researchers said. Currently, behav-ioral measures are used to identify autis-tic symptoms by the time a child is 2 years old. With this new information, however, doctors may be able to diagnose autism in children as young as 6 months old. Such early diagnoses could greatly improve the e"ectiveness of treatment for the disor-der.

“We are hopeful that behavioral inter-ventions begun before the age of 2 are preventative, at least to some degree for some children in terms of improv-ing autism symptoms, but also in terms of fostering critical verbal and nonverbal skills,” said Child Study Center Associate Research Scientist Suzanne Macari, who worked with Chawarska on this project.

Autism researchers agree Chawarska’s findings are encouraging. Kevin Pel-phrey, the director of the Child Neurosci-ence Laboratory at Yale, called the study a “game changer” that sheds light on the early stages of autism.

“[The results of this study] will likely lead to early diagnosis and fundamental changes in the way we treat autism,” he said.

Autism currently affects one out of every 88 children in the United States, according to the National Autism Asso-ciation.

Contact MAREK RAMILO at marek.ramilo@yale.edu .

BY DAN WEINERSTAFF REPORTER

Research out of the Yale Rudd Cen-ter for Food Policy & Obesity is the first to examine the stigmatization of food addiction.

In a study conducted online, researchers found that while subjects viewed food addiction more favorably than other addictions such as alcohol, drug or tobacco dependence, the label increased stigma against obese indi-viduals. The findings add to the grow-ing body of research detailing the per-vasiveness of weight-related biases and calls for more legal protection

for obese individuals, said study co-author Rebecca Puhl GRD ’04, direc-tor of research and weight stigma ini-tiatives at the Rudd Center. The study appears in the February issue of the journal Basic and Applied Social Psy-chology.

“There is a lot of research show-ing that certain types of food can trig-ger processes that are very similar to drug and alcohol addiction,” Puhl said. “There is increasing evidence that maybe food addiction is contributing to obesity. What we didn’t know was how the label of being called a food addict may a"ect public attitudes.”

In the first part of the study, 659

participants answered a range of questions about their feelings towards various individuals including food addicts, obese food addicts, cocaine addicts, smokers and the physi-cally disabled. Results showed that food addiction carried less stigma than other addictions like cocaine, but intensified prejudice against the obese. In the second part of the study, which also demonstrated that food addiction was viewed less negatively than other addictions, 570 subjects answered questions about a picture of a thin or obese male labeled as either addicted to food, tobacco or alcohol.

The findings add to a long line of research at the Rudd Center examining the pathology and clinical symptoms of food addiction, said Mark Gold, professor of psychiatry at the Univer-sity of Florida College of Medicine. The Yale Food Addiction Scale, which the Rudd Center released in 2009, is a 27-question survey that clinicians use to diagnose food addiction. Two years later, Rudd Center researchers demon-strated that food dependence activates similar neural pathways as addiction to drugs or alcohol. The current study adds to this body of research by exam-ining the social impact of the food addiction label, Gold said.

There are currently no federal laws prohibiting weight-based discrimi-nation, and Puhl said this lack of for-mal protection contributes to social stigmatization. She added that weight stigma is especially prevalent in enter-tainment and news media.

“I think we can do a much better job of challenging weight-based stereo-

types and really depicting people who are obese in more respectful ways,” she added.

This research comes at a time of increasing publicity for overeating disorders, said Marc Potenza ’87 GRD ’93 MED ’94, a professor of psychia-try at the Yale School of Medicine who was not involved in the study. Binge eating disorder, a condition similar to food addiction, is included in the first draft of the upcoming edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Potenza said he hopes formal recognition will encour-age more people to identify the condi-tion and seek treatment.

He added that the scientific com-munity has not yet done enough research to decide whether food addiction has a place in the DSM.

“I think it would be premature to

shut the door on food addiction,” he said

Puhl said she hopes to follow up the study by examining how the food addiction label impacts di"erent pop-ulations. There is already evidence that women tend to be more vulnera-ble to weight stigmatization than men, and Puhl said she wants to examine how public attitudes change depend-ing on factors including gender and race.

While official figures are not yet available about the prevalence of food addiction, a 2009 Rudd Center study found that about 11 percent of “pre-dominantly normal-weight students” may be labeled as food addicts under the Yale Food Addiction Scale.

Contact DAN WEINER at daniel.weiner@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 7PAGE 6 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

BY EMMA GOLDBERGSTAFF REPORTER

Alzheimer’s is a debilitating dis-ease for its victims — but it can also take a toll on a patient’s caregiver.

Led by epidemiology professor Joan Monin, researchers at the Yale School of Public Health have con-ducted a study evaluating the ways in which Alzheimer’s patients and their caregivers maintain stable and trusting relationships.

Caregivers are typically spouses or other family members who provide day-to-day support to Alzheim-er’s patients including feeding and entertaining them. The study, pub-lished in the October issue of the Aging & Mental Health journal, found that inconsistent or detached caregiving can cause Alzheimer’s patients to lose trust in their loved ones, exacerbating physical symp-toms of the disease.

“Physicians have to look out for the emotional environment their patient is in,” Monin said. “That’s why it’s important to provide sup-port to family members of people with Alzheimer’s.”

Because many Alzheimer’s patients are not able to communicate their emotions e"ectively, Monin’s research team worked with patients of fairly advanced cognitive func-tioning. Researchers surveyed and interviewed the patients and care-givers at various stages of the disease treatment, asking each to report on levels of trust they felt toward one another.

“Imagine how it feels to be mar-ried to someone who is slowly for-getting who you are,” Monin said. “The relationships between spou-sal caregivers and patients have the potential for emotional stress.”

Monin’s team found that relation-ships lacking in trust could be clas-sified as either “attachment anxiety” or “attachment avoidance” relation-ships. Attachment anxiety is a rela-tionship characterized by insecurity and lack of trust, and attachment avoidance is a relationship in which the caregiver intentionally distances

himself from the patient emotion-ally. Both exacerbate the physical symptoms of Alzheimer’s, which can include impaired speech and language skills, compromised motor skills and loss of bladder control, according to the National Alzheim-er’s Association.

Morin is one of the first research-ers to evaluate caregiver-patient relationships. Because her field of research is relatively new, Morin said her findings could have significant implications for physicians treating Alzheimer’s, potentially leading to interventions such as couples’ ther-apy for the patient and caregiver.

“Evaluating an Alzheimer’s patient’s emotional responses is not something traditional pharmaceuti-cal companies were ever interested in,” said Geo"rey Kerchner, a behav-ioral neurologist at Stanford who treats Alzheimer’s patients.

Though Morin is one of the first scientists to evaluate caregiver-patient relationships, the prac-tice of treating caregivers’ health was established several decades ago. Maria Tomasetti, south cen-tral regional director of the National Alzheimer’s Association, said that in the past 20 years, researchers and medical service providers have increasingly realized that improving caregivers’ emotional health benefits the physical health of patients with Alzheimer’s.

“People who are caring for some-one with dementia tend to think they can do it all on their own,” Tomasetti said. “But caregiving is a long and unpredictable process. Sometimes

the caregiver can actually become physically sick, and that takes a toll on the Alzheimer’s patient.”

Monin is continuing her research

on caregiver health and is currently focused on understanding how a patient’s su"ering impacts the psy-chological health of their family

members. As many as 5.1 million Ameri-

cans may have Alzheimer’s disease, according to the National Institute

on Aging.

Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

Alzheimer caregiver health examined Food addiction stigma scrutinized

BY ADRIAN RODRIGUESCONTRIBUTING REPORTER

Researchers now understand how Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African sleeping sick-ness, becomes infectious.

Scientists from the Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Med-icine and The Rockefeller Univer-sity are the first to mimic the natu-ral development of infectivity — the parasite’s ability to cause infection — in a laboratory setting. Infectious forms of T. brucei inside the tsetse fly can infect humans and cause Afri-can sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis. Research-ers identified a protein that triggers the infection in healthy cells, which could provide new intervention strat-egies in blocking progression of the disease, said study co-author Chris-tian Tschudi, a professor of epidemi-ology and director of graduate studies at the Yale School of Public Health. The research findings were published in the Dec. 7 edition of Science.

“I think it’s a major breakthrough,” said researcher Serap Aksoy, pro-fessor of epidemiology of microbial diseases at the Yale School of Public Health.

In the past, scientists only observed the life cycle of infectious T. brucei parasites within the tsetse fly vector responsible for transmitting African sleeping sickness. The study’s researchers sequenced the RNA of T. brucei parasites from infected tse-tse fly tissues to determine the mech-anisms that cause infectivity. The results indicated that high levels of the protein RBP6 occurred during a critical development stage of the par-asite. Once researchers had discov-ered high levels of RBP6 in infected tsetse flies, they artificially raised expression of the protein in healthy T. brucei cells that had not been exposed to flies. They found that these healthy cells suddenly became infectious.

“We had no idea this would hap-pen,” said Tschudi. “This was com-pletely serendipitous.”

The protein is now seen as the ini-tial trigger in the cascade of events causing the infectious form of the parasite.

Jayne Raper, professor of biological sciences at Hunter College of the City University of New York, described the findings as a “holy grail” to the field. She said the ability to induce

infectivity in T. brucei without an accompanying fly vector “now gives a huge area of research that people can embark upon.”

Though African sleeping sickness a"ects thousands of people in sub-Saharan Africa, relatively little was known about the precise mechanisms of the parasite’s development within

the tsetse fly prior to this study, said first author Nikolay Kolev, associ-ate research scientist at the School of Public Health. Since the infec-tious forms of the parasite could pre-viously only be observed in the flies, developing effective medications proved di!cult. While there are sev-eral medicines that work against the

disease, such drugs are “horrible” and “extremely hard to administer,” Tschudi said.

Sleeping sickness is found in 36 sub-Saharan African countries.

Contact ADRIAN RODRIGUES at adrian.rodrigues@yale.edu .

Sleeping sickness mechanism observed

CREATIVE COMMONS

The study found that children with attention deficits as early as 6 months old may develop autism later in life.

KAREN TIAN/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

“We humans are the greatest of earth’s para-sites.” MARTIN H. FISCHER GERMAN-AMERICAN PHYSICIAN AND WRITER

Physicians have to look out for the emotional environment their patient is in.

JOAN MONINProfessor, School of Public Health

Autism symptoms identified in 6-month-old infants

I think we can do a much better job of challenging weight-based stereotypes and really depicting people who are obese in more respectful ways.

REBECCA PUHL GRD ’04Director of research and weight stigma

initiatives, Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity

CREATIVE COMMONS

[The results of this study] will likely lead to early diagnosis and fundamental changes in the way we treat autism.

KEVIN PELPHREYDirector, Yale Child Neuroscience Laboratory

JOY SHAN/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Food addiction, which has been implicated as a factor in obesity, may lead to stigma-tization of the obese.

MOHAN YIN/ILLUSTRATIONS CONTRIBUTOR

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

BY MAREK RAMILOSTAFF REPORTER

To improve their ability to treat autism, researchers are working to iden-tify symptoms of the condition in infants as young as 6 months old.

A team led by pediatrics profes-sor Katarzyna Chawarska of the Yale School of Medicine’s Child Study Cen-ter is attempting to discern the link between attention deficits and the risk of autism in patients with a family his-tory of the disorder. The study’s results point to a higher incidence of inatten-tiveness in 6-month-old infants who were later diagnosed with autism them-selves. These findings were first pub-lished online in the January 2013 issue of Biological Psychiatry.

“For a number of years, we’ve been working on identifying early signs of autism. We want to understand the ear-liest age when the developmental trajec-tories of infants who later develop autism begin to diverge from those that we see in typically developing children, or children without disorders,” Chawarska said.

Chawarska’s study used innovative vision-tracking technology to analyze the reactions of 67 at-risk infants and 50 control group infants to visual, audi-tory and social stimuli. The infants were shown a video of a woman performing various familiar tasks — such as playing with toys — as she addressed the viewer directly. Ultimately, the children with a family history of autism tended to spend less time watching the video and mak-ing eye contact with the woman than the children without any autistic predisposi-tions, Chawarska said.

“We were very excited because the study tells us that, at 6 months, the chil-

dren who later develop autism have di!-culty selecting important social features from their visual field,” Chawarska said.

Children with attention deficits, such as the at-risk infants in this study, may have trouble interacting even with close individuals such as parents, which researchers said could indicate future developmental problems.

“Even a small di!culty in attending continuously to mom’s face when some-thing important happens may have influ-ence later on what children learn about people in the world and communication,” Chawarska said.

This discovery could have huge impli-cations in doctors’ ability to detect autism within the first year of infants’ lives, researchers said. Currently, behav-ioral measures are used to identify autis-tic symptoms by the time a child is 2 years old. With this new information, however, doctors may be able to diagnose autism in children as young as 6 months old. Such early diagnoses could greatly improve the e"ectiveness of treatment for the disor-der.

“We are hopeful that behavioral inter-ventions begun before the age of 2 are preventative, at least to some degree for some children in terms of improv-ing autism symptoms, but also in terms of fostering critical verbal and nonverbal skills,” said Child Study Center Associate Research Scientist Suzanne Macari, who worked with Chawarska on this project.

Autism researchers agree Chawarska’s findings are encouraging. Kevin Pel-phrey, the director of the Child Neurosci-ence Laboratory at Yale, called the study a “game changer” that sheds light on the early stages of autism.

“[The results of this study] will likely lead to early diagnosis and fundamental changes in the way we treat autism,” he said.

Autism currently affects one out of every 88 children in the United States, according to the National Autism Asso-ciation.

Contact MAREK RAMILO at marek.ramilo@yale.edu .

BY DAN WEINERSTAFF REPORTER

Research out of the Yale Rudd Cen-ter for Food Policy & Obesity is the first to examine the stigmatization of food addiction.

In a study conducted online, researchers found that while subjects viewed food addiction more favorably than other addictions such as alcohol, drug or tobacco dependence, the label increased stigma against obese indi-viduals. The findings add to the grow-ing body of research detailing the per-vasiveness of weight-related biases and calls for more legal protection

for obese individuals, said study co-author Rebecca Puhl GRD ’04, direc-tor of research and weight stigma ini-tiatives at the Rudd Center. The study appears in the February issue of the journal Basic and Applied Social Psy-chology.

“There is a lot of research show-ing that certain types of food can trig-ger processes that are very similar to drug and alcohol addiction,” Puhl said. “There is increasing evidence that maybe food addiction is contributing to obesity. What we didn’t know was how the label of being called a food addict may a"ect public attitudes.”

In the first part of the study, 659

participants answered a range of questions about their feelings towards various individuals including food addicts, obese food addicts, cocaine addicts, smokers and the physi-cally disabled. Results showed that food addiction carried less stigma than other addictions like cocaine, but intensified prejudice against the obese. In the second part of the study, which also demonstrated that food addiction was viewed less negatively than other addictions, 570 subjects answered questions about a picture of a thin or obese male labeled as either addicted to food, tobacco or alcohol.

The findings add to a long line of research at the Rudd Center examining the pathology and clinical symptoms of food addiction, said Mark Gold, professor of psychiatry at the Univer-sity of Florida College of Medicine. The Yale Food Addiction Scale, which the Rudd Center released in 2009, is a 27-question survey that clinicians use to diagnose food addiction. Two years later, Rudd Center researchers demon-strated that food dependence activates similar neural pathways as addiction to drugs or alcohol. The current study adds to this body of research by exam-ining the social impact of the food addiction label, Gold said.

There are currently no federal laws prohibiting weight-based discrimi-nation, and Puhl said this lack of for-mal protection contributes to social stigmatization. She added that weight stigma is especially prevalent in enter-tainment and news media.

“I think we can do a much better job of challenging weight-based stereo-

types and really depicting people who are obese in more respectful ways,” she added.

This research comes at a time of increasing publicity for overeating disorders, said Marc Potenza ’87 GRD ’93 MED ’94, a professor of psychia-try at the Yale School of Medicine who was not involved in the study. Binge eating disorder, a condition similar to food addiction, is included in the first draft of the upcoming edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Potenza said he hopes formal recognition will encour-age more people to identify the condi-tion and seek treatment.

He added that the scientific com-munity has not yet done enough research to decide whether food addiction has a place in the DSM.

“I think it would be premature to

shut the door on food addiction,” he said

Puhl said she hopes to follow up the study by examining how the food addiction label impacts di"erent pop-ulations. There is already evidence that women tend to be more vulnera-ble to weight stigmatization than men, and Puhl said she wants to examine how public attitudes change depend-ing on factors including gender and race.

While official figures are not yet available about the prevalence of food addiction, a 2009 Rudd Center study found that about 11 percent of “pre-dominantly normal-weight students” may be labeled as food addicts under the Yale Food Addiction Scale.

Contact DAN WEINER at daniel.weiner@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 7PAGE 6 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

BY EMMA GOLDBERGSTAFF REPORTER

Alzheimer’s is a debilitating dis-ease for its victims — but it can also take a toll on a patient’s caregiver.

Led by epidemiology professor Joan Monin, researchers at the Yale School of Public Health have con-ducted a study evaluating the ways in which Alzheimer’s patients and their caregivers maintain stable and trusting relationships.

Caregivers are typically spouses or other family members who provide day-to-day support to Alzheim-er’s patients including feeding and entertaining them. The study, pub-lished in the October issue of the Aging & Mental Health journal, found that inconsistent or detached caregiving can cause Alzheimer’s patients to lose trust in their loved ones, exacerbating physical symp-toms of the disease.

“Physicians have to look out for the emotional environment their patient is in,” Monin said. “That’s why it’s important to provide sup-port to family members of people with Alzheimer’s.”

Because many Alzheimer’s patients are not able to communicate their emotions e"ectively, Monin’s research team worked with patients of fairly advanced cognitive func-tioning. Researchers surveyed and interviewed the patients and care-givers at various stages of the disease treatment, asking each to report on levels of trust they felt toward one another.

“Imagine how it feels to be mar-ried to someone who is slowly for-getting who you are,” Monin said. “The relationships between spou-sal caregivers and patients have the potential for emotional stress.”

Monin’s team found that relation-ships lacking in trust could be clas-sified as either “attachment anxiety” or “attachment avoidance” relation-ships. Attachment anxiety is a rela-tionship characterized by insecurity and lack of trust, and attachment avoidance is a relationship in which the caregiver intentionally distances

himself from the patient emotion-ally. Both exacerbate the physical symptoms of Alzheimer’s, which can include impaired speech and language skills, compromised motor skills and loss of bladder control, according to the National Alzheim-er’s Association.

Morin is one of the first research-ers to evaluate caregiver-patient relationships. Because her field of research is relatively new, Morin said her findings could have significant implications for physicians treating Alzheimer’s, potentially leading to interventions such as couples’ ther-apy for the patient and caregiver.

“Evaluating an Alzheimer’s patient’s emotional responses is not something traditional pharmaceuti-cal companies were ever interested in,” said Geo"rey Kerchner, a behav-ioral neurologist at Stanford who treats Alzheimer’s patients.

Though Morin is one of the first scientists to evaluate caregiver-patient relationships, the prac-tice of treating caregivers’ health was established several decades ago. Maria Tomasetti, south cen-tral regional director of the National Alzheimer’s Association, said that in the past 20 years, researchers and medical service providers have increasingly realized that improving caregivers’ emotional health benefits the physical health of patients with Alzheimer’s.

“People who are caring for some-one with dementia tend to think they can do it all on their own,” Tomasetti said. “But caregiving is a long and unpredictable process. Sometimes

the caregiver can actually become physically sick, and that takes a toll on the Alzheimer’s patient.”

Monin is continuing her research

on caregiver health and is currently focused on understanding how a patient’s su"ering impacts the psy-chological health of their family

members. As many as 5.1 million Ameri-

cans may have Alzheimer’s disease, according to the National Institute

on Aging.

Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

Alzheimer caregiver health examined Food addiction stigma scrutinized

BY ADRIAN RODRIGUESCONTRIBUTING REPORTER

Researchers now understand how Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African sleeping sick-ness, becomes infectious.

Scientists from the Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Med-icine and The Rockefeller Univer-sity are the first to mimic the natu-ral development of infectivity — the parasite’s ability to cause infection — in a laboratory setting. Infectious forms of T. brucei inside the tsetse fly can infect humans and cause Afri-can sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis. Research-ers identified a protein that triggers the infection in healthy cells, which could provide new intervention strat-egies in blocking progression of the disease, said study co-author Chris-tian Tschudi, a professor of epidemi-ology and director of graduate studies at the Yale School of Public Health. The research findings were published in the Dec. 7 edition of Science.

“I think it’s a major breakthrough,” said researcher Serap Aksoy, pro-fessor of epidemiology of microbial diseases at the Yale School of Public Health.

In the past, scientists only observed the life cycle of infectious T. brucei parasites within the tsetse fly vector responsible for transmitting African sleeping sickness. The study’s researchers sequenced the RNA of T. brucei parasites from infected tse-tse fly tissues to determine the mech-anisms that cause infectivity. The results indicated that high levels of the protein RBP6 occurred during a critical development stage of the par-asite. Once researchers had discov-ered high levels of RBP6 in infected tsetse flies, they artificially raised expression of the protein in healthy T. brucei cells that had not been exposed to flies. They found that these healthy cells suddenly became infectious.

“We had no idea this would hap-pen,” said Tschudi. “This was com-pletely serendipitous.”

The protein is now seen as the ini-tial trigger in the cascade of events causing the infectious form of the parasite.

Jayne Raper, professor of biological sciences at Hunter College of the City University of New York, described the findings as a “holy grail” to the field. She said the ability to induce

infectivity in T. brucei without an accompanying fly vector “now gives a huge area of research that people can embark upon.”

Though African sleeping sickness a"ects thousands of people in sub-Saharan Africa, relatively little was known about the precise mechanisms of the parasite’s development within

the tsetse fly prior to this study, said first author Nikolay Kolev, associ-ate research scientist at the School of Public Health. Since the infec-tious forms of the parasite could pre-viously only be observed in the flies, developing effective medications proved di!cult. While there are sev-eral medicines that work against the

disease, such drugs are “horrible” and “extremely hard to administer,” Tschudi said.

Sleeping sickness is found in 36 sub-Saharan African countries.

Contact ADRIAN RODRIGUES at adrian.rodrigues@yale.edu .

Sleeping sickness mechanism observed

CREATIVE COMMONS

The study found that children with attention deficits as early as 6 months old may develop autism later in life.

KAREN TIAN/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

“We humans are the greatest of earth’s para-sites.” MARTIN H. FISCHER GERMAN-AMERICAN PHYSICIAN AND WRITER

Physicians have to look out for the emotional environment their patient is in.

JOAN MONINProfessor, School of Public Health

Autism symptoms identified in 6-month-old infants

I think we can do a much better job of challenging weight-based stereotypes and really depicting people who are obese in more respectful ways.

REBECCA PUHL GRD ’04Director of research and weight stigma

initiatives, Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity

CREATIVE COMMONS

[The results of this study] will likely lead to early diagnosis and fundamental changes in the way we treat autism.

KEVIN PELPHREYDirector, Yale Child Neuroscience Laboratory

JOY SHAN/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Food addiction, which has been implicated as a factor in obesity, may lead to stigma-tization of the obese.

MOHAN YIN/ILLUSTRATIONS CONTRIBUTOR

WORLD “I am an atheist, and if an atheist and a pope think the same things, there must be something true. There must be some human truth that is beyond religion.” ORIANA FALLACI ITALIAN JOURNALIST

PAGE 8 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

Pope Benedict XVI resignsBY NICOLE WINFIELD

AND VICTOR L. SIMPSON ASSOCIATED PRESS

VATICAN CITY — With a few words in Latin, Pope Benedict XVI did what no pope has done in more than half a millennium, stunning the world by announcing his res-ignation Monday and leaving the already troubled Catholic Church to replace the leader of its 1 billion followers by Easter.

Not even his closest associates had advance word of the news, a bombshell that he dropped during a routine meeting of Vatican car-dinals. And with no clear favorites to succeed him, another surprise likely awaits when the cardinals elect Benedict’s successor next month.

“Without doubt this is a historic moment,” said Cardinal Christoph Schoenborn, a protégé and former theology student of Benedict’s who is considered a papal contender. “Right now, 1.2 billion Catholics the world over are holding their breath.”

The Feb. 28 resignation allows for a fast-track conclave to elect a new pope, since the traditional nine days of mourning that would follow a pope’s death doesn’t have to be observed. It also gives the 85-year-old Benedict great sway over the choice of his successor. Though he will not himself vote, he has handpicked the bulk of the College of Cardinals — the princes of the church who will elect his successor — to guarantee his con-servative legacy and ensure an orthodox future for the church.

The resignation may mean that age will become less of a factor when electing a new pope, since candidates may no longer feel compelled to stay for life.

“For the century to come, I think that none of Benedict’s successors will feel morally obliged to remain until their death,” said Paris Cardi-nal Andre Vingt-Trois.

Benedict said as recently as 2010 that a ponti! should resign if he got too old or infirm to do the job, but it was a tremendous surprise when he said in Latin that his “strength of mind and body” had diminished and that he couldn’t carry on. He said he would resign effective 8 p.m. local time on Feb. 28.

“All the cardinals remained shocked and were looking at each other,” said Monsignor Oscar San-chez of Mexico, who was in the room at the time of the announce-ment.

As a top aide, Benedict watched

from up close as Pope John Paul II su!ered publicly from the Parkin-son’s disease that enfeebled him in the final years of his papacy. Clearly Benedict wanted to avoid the same fate as his advancing age took its toll, though the Vatican insisted the announcement was not prompted by any specific malady.

The Vatican said Benedict would live in a congregation for cloistered nuns inside the Vatican, although he will be free to go in and out. Much of this is unchartered terri-tory. The Vatican’s chief spokes-man, the Rev. Federico Lombardi, said he isn’t even sure of Benedict’s title — perhaps “pope emeritus.”

Since becoming pope in 2005, Benedict has charted a very con-servative course for the church,

trying to reawaken Christianity in Europe where it had fallen by the wayside and return the church to its traditional roots, which he felt had been betrayed by a botched interpretation of the moderniz-ing reforms of the Second Vatican Council.

His e!orts though, were over-shadowed by a worldwide clerical sex abuse scandal, communica-tion ga!es that outraged Jews and Muslims alike and, more recently, a scandal over leaked documents by his own butler. Many of his stated priorities as pope also fell short: He failed to establish relations with China, heal the schism and reunite with the Orthodox Church, or rec-oncile with a group of breakaway, traditionalist Catholics.

Resignation opens door to contendersBY NICOLE WINFIELDASSOCIATED PRESS

VATICAN CITY — Pope Bene-dict XVI’s resignation opens the door to an array of possible suc-cessors, from the conserva-tive cardinal of Milan to a con-tender from Ghana and several Latin Americans. But don’t count on a radical change of course for the Catholic Church: Benedict appointed the majority of cardi-nals who will choose his succes-sor from within their own ranks.

There’s no clear front-run-ner, though several leading can-didates have been mentioned over the years as “papabile” — or hav-ing the qualities of a pope.

So, will the papacy return to Italy, after three decades of a Pol-ish and a German pope? Or does Latin America, which counts some 40 percent of the world’s 1.2 billion Catholics, deserve one of their own at the church’s helm?

Will a younger cardinal be con-sidered, now that future popes can feel freer to resign? Or will it again go to an experienced car-dinal for another “transitional” papacy?

The 110-plus cardinals who are under age 80 and eligible to vote

will weigh all those questions and more when they sequester them-selves in the Sistine Chapel next month to choose Benedict’s suc-cessor, a conclave that will likely produce a new pope by Easter.

Some said Benedict’s resig-nation presents an opportunity to turn to Africa or Latin Amer-ica, where Catholicism is more vibrant.

“Europe today is going through a period of cultural tiredness, exhaustion, which is reflected in the way Christianity is lived,” said Monsignor Antonio Marto, the bishop of Fatima in central Portu-

gal. “You don’t see that in Africa or Latin America, where there is a freshness, an enthusiasm about living the faith.”

“Perhaps we need a pope who can look beyond Europe and bring to the entire church a certain vitality that is seen on other con-tinents.”

Cardinal Wilfrid Napier of South Africa agreed.

“I think we would have a better chance of getting someone out-side of the Northern Hemisphere this time, because there are some really promising cardinals from other parts of the world,” he said.

Despite that enthusiasm, more than half of those eligible to vote in the College of Cardinals hail from Europe, giving the continent an edge even though there’s no rule that cardinals vote according to their geographic blocs.

It’s also likely the next pope won’t radically alter the church’s course, though surprises are pos-sible.

“Given the preponderance of cardinals appointed by Popes John Paul and Benedict, it is unlikely that the next pope will make many radical changes,” said the Rev. James Martin, a Jesuit author. “On the other hand, the papacy can

change a man, and the Holy Spirit is always ready to surprise.”

A handful of Italians fit the bill, top among them Cardinal Angelo Scola, the archbishop of Milan. Scola is close to Benedict, has a fierce intellect and leads the most important archdiocese in Italy — no small thing given that Italians still dominate the College of Car-dinals.

On Monday, Scola, 71, donned his bishops’ miter and appeared in Milan’s Duomo to praise Bene-dict’s “absolutely extraordinary faith and humility.”

“This decision, even though it fills us with surprise — and at first glance it leaves us with many questions — will be, as he said, for the good of the church,” Scola said.

Other leading Italians include Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, head of the Vatican’s culture office and another intellectual heavy-weight who quotes Hegel and Nietzsche as easily, and almost as frequently, as the Gospels. He has climbed into the spotlight with his “Courtyard of the Gentiles” project, an initiative to enter into dialogue with the worlds of art, culture and science — and most importantly atheists.

Withdrawal from Afghanistan begins

BY PATRICK QUINN AND RAHIM FAIEZ ASSOCIATED PRESS

KABUL, Afghanistan — The United States began its with-drawal from Afghanistan in earnest, o"cials said Monday, sending the first of what will be tens of thousands of containers home through a once-blocked land route through Pakistan.

The shipment of 50 contain-ers over the weekend came as a new U.S. commander took con-trol of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan to guide the coali-tion through the end stages of a war that has so far lasted more than 11 years.

The containers were in the first convoys to cross into Pak-istan as part of the Afghan pullout, said Marcus Spade, a spokesman for U.S. forces in Afghanistan.

Marine Gen. Joseph Dunford, meanwhile, faced his first head-ache just one day after taking command, after an Afghan gov-ernment panel acknowledged that detainees taken o! the bat-tlefield by coalition and Afghan troops face widespread torture at the hands of local security forces — although it denied sys-tematic torture in government-run prisons.

Dunford’s predecessor, Marine Gen. John Allen, had urged the Afghan government to investigate allegations of detainee abuse.

Allen also had to deal with the delicate task of improving relations with Pakistan, which closed two key land routes from Afghanistan to its southern port of Karachi to all U.S. and NATO cargo for seven months. The Pakistani move came in retal-iation for U.S. airstrikes that killed 24 Pakistani troops at a post along the Afghan bor-der in November 2011. Islam-abad reopened the route after Washington apologized for the deaths.

During the closure of the Pakistan route, the U.S. had to use a longer, more costly path that runs north out of Afghan-istan through Central Asia and Russia. The U.S. has also used that route to withdraw equip-ment — but not at the pace it wanted because of the length of the process. Defense Secre-tary Leon Panetta said last year that the rerouting was costing the U.S. more than $100 million a month.

It’s unclear what took the U.S. so long to begin with-drawing equipment through the Pakistan route, which runs south out of Afghanistan to the Pakistani port city of Kara-chi. Supplies have been flow-ing into Afghanistan since the route reopened in July 2012, and the U.S. signed a new deal with Pakistan governing the ship-ments that same month. There have been temporary disrup-tions at several points since then because of security con-cerns and strikes by truckers over compensation.

The abuse allegations are just some of the diplomatic land mines that Dunford will have to

deal with as he guides the coali-tion through its final 23 months in Afghanistan. Most foreign combat forces will leave at the end of 2014, and those that remain will do so after separate agreements are made with the Afghan government.

U.N. complaints about the torture of detainees in Afghan facilities last year prompted the U.S.-led NATO coalition to stop many transfers of detainees to the Afghans, a key part of the transition process.

The planned transfer of the Parwan detention facility at Bagram from the United States military to the Afghan army has also been delayed, appar-ently because of administrative problems. Afghan President Hamid Karzai has for months demanded the full transfer of the facility, threatening not to sign a bilateral security agree-ment with the U.S. if the hando-ver doesn’t take place. That agreement is key to keeping military forces here after 2014.

The majority of the prison was handed over with much fanfare last September, but the two sides remained locked in a dispute over the fate of hun-dreds of Taliban and terror sus-pects behind bars. The United States is withholding the trans-fer of scores of inmates, report-edly out of concern that Afghan authorities may torture some or simply let some politi-cal detainees go for reasons of expediency, and no longer hold dangerous prisoners without charge.

Dunford also has to oversee the drawdown of about 100,000 foreign troops, including 66,000 from the United States, and make sure that the newly recruited and trained Afghan security forces are capable of taking the lead for their coun-try’s security in the spring.

Although Afghan security forces are almost at their full strength of 352,000, persistent violence and insider attacks against Americans and other foreign forces have raised con-cerns about whether they are ready to take on the fight by themselves.

But the issue of detainees is more immediate.

Transfers were halted in October, when the U.N. shared its preliminary findings with the military coalition.

“We have only stopped transferring some detainees to certain Afghan facilities,” said Jamie Graybeal, a spokes-man for the international mil-itary alliance in Kabul. “The Afghan government has stated its commitment to upholding its human rights obligations and we remain committed to work-ing together with the Interna-tional Community to support them in their e!orts to tackle this di"cult problem. “

Issued last month, the U.N. report said Afghan authori-ties are still torturing prison-ers despite promises of reforms. The country’s intelligence ser-vice earlier had denied any tor-ture in its detention facilities.

Perhaps we need a pope who can look beyond Europe and bring to the entire church a certain vitality that is seen on other continents.

MONSIGNOR ANTONIO MARTOBishop, Fatima

WOLFGANG RADTKE/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Pope Benedict XVI waves to the crowd at the end of a papal Mass in Regensburg in southern Germany.

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ON CAMPUSTUESDAY, FEBRUARY 124:00 PM Femininitea with Kristyn Zalota Come enjoy refreshments and conversation with Kristyn Zalota, founder of Cleanbirth.org, a New Haven-based nonprofit that works to reduce maternal and infant mortality in Laos. Zalota has focused on projects that empower women in the developing world since finishing her master’s at Yale. After learning that Laos has among the highest infant and maternal mortality rates in the world, she partnered in 2012 with Our Village Associate (OVA), a Lao nonprofit which has worked with ethnic minority groups for more than a decade. CleanBirth.org and OVA work together to train nurses and give them the supplies they need to promote safe birth in their communities. Yale Women’s Center (198 Elm St.).

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 136:10 PM “Eating Invaders: A Panel Discussion on Invasive Species” The panel will consider the ecological impacts of invasive species and the question of whether eating these often tasty creatures is the best strategy for protecting the natural environment. Panelists include Daniel Simberlo! of the University of Tennessee; Jackson Landers, freelance writer and hunting instructor; and Bun Lai, owner and chef of Miya’s Sushi in New Haven. Moderated by James Gorman of The New York Times. Free and open to the general public. Yale Law School (127 Wall St.), Room 120.

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 146:00 PM “Love in Israeli Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox Communities” Screening of “Elyokim” (2002), directed by Miri Boker, and “Alone” (2011), directed by Shmuel Minkov. After the film there will be a Q-and-A with Neta Ariel, the director of the Ma’ale School of Television, Film & the Arts in Jerusalem. Open to the general public and sponsored by the Hebrew Program at the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations and the Council on Middle East Studies at the MacMillan Center. Luce Hall (34 Hillhouse Ave.), Auditorium.

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Senate panel to vote Tuesday on HagelBY DONNA CASSATA ASSOCIATED PRESS

WASHINGTON — Senate Democrats are pushing ahead with a vote Tuesday on Chuck Hagel’s nomination to be defense secretary, rejecting Republi-can demands for more finan-cial information from Hagel in a politically charged fight over President Barack Obama’s sec-ond-term national security team.

In a brief statement, Sen. Carl Levin, chairman of the Armed Services Committee, said the panel would meet Tuesday after-noon with the “intention to vote on the nomination after the members have an opportunity for discussion.” Levin had hoped to hold a committee vote last Thursday, but postponed it amid complaints from Republicans that Hagel hadn’t sufficiently answered questions about his personal finances.

Not all Republicans shared that view, however.

“I have examined the infor-mation and responses to mem-bers’ questions that Sen. Hagel has provided to the commit-tee, and I believe that he has ful-

filled the rigorous requirements that the committee demands of every presidential nominee to be secretary of defense,” Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., said in a state-ment Monday backing Levin’s plans for a vote.

McCain’s expression of con-fidence in Hagel’s answers was a crucial counterpoint to GOP criticism of the nominee, who still faces Republican threats to block or delay his selection. McCain, the panel’s former top Republican, has said he’s lean-ing against supporting his for-mer colleague and friend, but he made clear he would not par-ticipate in any walkout by com-mittee Republicans over a Hagel vote.

McCain also met privately late Monday with some committee Republicans and urged them not to filibuster the nomination, say-ing it would set a bad precedent and pointing out that someday the roles could be reversed with a Republican president and a GOP-led Senate.

“I’m encouraging my col-leagues if they want to vote against Sen. Hagel that’s one thing and that’s a principled stand,” McCain told a group of

reporters. “We do not want to filibuster. We have not filibus-tered a Cabinet appointee in the past and I believe that we should move forward with his nomina-tion, bring it to the floor and vote up or down.”

Obama tapped Hagel, a former two-term Nebraska Republi-can senator and twice-wounded combat veteran in Vietnam, to succeed Defense Secretary Leon Panetta, who is stepping down after serving as CIA director and Pentagon chief in the president’s first term.

Hagel, 66, has faced strong

opposition from Republicans over his past statements and votes on Israel, Iran, nuclear weapons and Iraq, in which he initially backed the war but later opposed it.

Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., said Monday that the full Senate could vote either Wednesday or Thursday on the nomination, dismissing talk of a filibuster of a Cabinet nominee as unprecedented.

“There’s never in the history of the country ever been a fili-buster on a defense secretary, and I’m confident there won’t be on this one,” Reid said at the start of the Senate session.

Democrats hold a 14–12 edge on the Armed Services panel and it’s likely that Hagel will win approval on a party-line vote just hours before Obama delivers his State of the Union address at the Capitol.

Two Republicans on the com-mittee — Sens. Jim Inhofe of Oklahoma and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina — have threat-ened to use their power to stop the nomination.

“No one’s anxious to try to string this thing out and make it longer,” Inhofe said. He added

that he felt a responsibility “to do what I can to see that Chuck Hagel is not confirmed as secre-tary of defense.”

Graham signaled that he would hold up Senate confir-

mation of Hagel and CIA Direc-tor-designate John Brennan if he doesn’t get more answers about the fatal assault on the U.S. dip-lomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, last year.

3 dead in courthouse shootingBY RANDALL CHASE ASSOCIATED PRESS

WILMINGTON, Del. — A gunman who spent years in court battles over child custody disputes opened fire Monday in the lobby of a Delaware courthouse, leaving two women dead before police fatally shot him, authorities said.

“It happened so fast,” said Jose Beltran, 53, an employee at the New Castle County Courthouse who was entering the lobby when he heard two shots. He said he turned around and heard three or more shots as he ran.

Delaware State Police Sgt. Paul Shavack said the suspected gunman and two women are dead. Wilm-ington Mayor Dennis Williams said in a phone interview that one of the women killed was the shooter’s estranged wife, but Shavack said police had not confirmed that was the case and cautioned against infor-mation from other sources.

Shavack did not say how the gun-man died. He said two police o!cers su"ered non-life-threatening inju-ries.

Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden said at an afternoon news con-ference that the shooting was not a random act of violence but the result of a custody dispute.

“It’s developed out of a long — over the course of many years — cus-tody dispute in the courts of this state,” he said.

Earlier, Shavak said the gunman opened fire before he passed metal detectors in the lobby.

Chick Chinski, 62, of Middletown said he was entering the courthouse to report for jury duty when he heard popping sounds.

“It didn’t sound like gunfire first at all,” said Chinski, adding that he saw the gunman pointing his weapon.

He said it seemed that the shooter deliberately targeted the two women who were shot as they stood in the middle of the lobby.

“Absolutely,” he said. “It’s right what he went after when he came in the door. That’s exactly what he did instantly.”

Chinski said that before the shooting, he shared an elevator with the gunman and others from the parking garage. The gunman was quiet and did not appear agitated, Chinski said.

In the hours after the shooting, dozens of police cars and emer-gency vehicles were on the streets surrounding the courthouse. Police searched the courthouse room by

room as a precaution.Dick Lawyer works part time

across the street at the law o!ce of Casarino, Christman, Shalk, Ran-som & Doss. He said his o!ce build-ing was on lockdown for a few hours, starting about 8:15 a.m. The shoot-ing occurred about five minutes ear-lier. He said he and colleagues were shaken at first but calmer hours later. “We have a couple of people whose relatives work at the courthouse,” said Lawyer, who works as a docu-ment management specialist for the firm.

He said the parking garage in the basement of the building — called the Renaissance Center — was still on lockdown as of 3:20 p.m. Monday.

Army vet receives Medal of Honor

BY NEDRA PICKLER ASSOCIATED PRESS

WASHINGTON — A veteran who helped “defend the indefensible” at a vulnerable Army outpost in Afghan-istan received the nation’s highest award for military valor Monday at a tearful White House ceremony that also honored the eight men who did not survive. President Barack Obama lauded former Staff Sgt. Clinton Romesha’s bravery in fighting back an intense daylong barrage by enemy fighters. The Taliban descended on Combat Outpost Keating in the mountains near the Pakistan border at 6 a.m. on Oct. 3, 2009, shaking Rome-sha out of his bed into what Obama said has been called one of the most intense battles of the war in Afghan-istan.

The Americans were outmanned 53 to more than 300, but most survived against those odds. “These men were outnumbered, outgunned and almost overrun,” Obama said.

Romesha, 31, listened to the com-mendation while fighting back tears, sometimes unsuccessfully, the fam-ilies of his fallen comrades sitting together and crying near the back of his East Room audience. Other troops who fought that day also watched as the president placed the medal hang-ing from a blue ribbon around Rome-sha’s neck.

“I’m feeling conflicted with this medal I now wear,” Romesha told reporters outside the West Wing after the ceremony. “The joy comes from recognition for us doing our jobs as soldiers on distant battlefields, but is countered by the constant reminder of the loss of our battle buddies, my bat-tle buddies, my soldiers, my friends.”

Eight U.S. soldiers were killed in

the fighting and other 22 wounded, including Romesha, who was pep-pered with shrapnel from a rocket-propelled grenade in the hip, arm and neck. But he fought through his wounds to help lead other soldiers to safety, defend the burning camp from encroaching Taliban fighters, person-ally taking out at least 10, and retrieve the bodies of the fallen Americans.

Romesha also served twice in Iraq and is the fourth living Medal of Honor recipient for actions in Iraq or Afghanistan.

Romesha grew up in the small town of Lake City, Calif., and deployed out of Fort Carson, Colo., fulfilling a tra-dition of military service shared by his grandfather, his father and his broth-ers. He now lives in Minot, N.D., with his wife and three children and works in the oil fields.

H is one-and-a-half-year-old son, Colin, in a tiny little suit and tie, got the somber ceremony o" to a light start just before his father and the president entered the room. He scrambled behind the podium and played peek-a-boo with the audience before one of the president’s military aides picked him o" the stage and put him back into his mother’s arms.

JOSEPH KACZMAREK/ASSOCIATED PRESS

A police o!cer stands outside the New Castle County Courthouse in Wilmington, Del., where three people died in a Monday morning shooting.

J. SCOTT APPLEWHITE/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Former Nebraska Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel, President Obama’s choice for defense secretary, testifies during his confirmation hearing.

There’s never in the history of the country ever been a filibuster on a defense secretary, and I’m confident there won’t be on this one.

HARRY REIDMajority leader, U.S. Senate

[The joy of receiving the medal] is countered by the constant reminder of the loss of … my friends.

CLINTON ROMESHAFormer sta! sergeant, U.S. Army

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AROUND THE IVIES “Mystery is a resource, like coal or gold, and its preservation is a fine thing.” TIM CAHILL TRAVEL

WRITER AND A FOUNDING EDITOR OF OUTSIDE MAGAZINE

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 11

Divest Coal targets Corp.BY KATHERINE CUSUMANO

STAFF WRITER

Members of Brown Divest Coal and the campus community took to the Main Green Friday morn-ing to rally against the Universi-ty’s alleged fossil fuel investments. The rally was planned to coincide with the Corporation meeting orig-inally scheduled to take place that day, said Emily Kirkland, one of the group’s student organizers.

As snow began to fall, the pro-testers chanted the slogans “Brown take action, stop extraction!” and “Look around, it’s sleeting, the Corporation’s meeting, the world is overheating — divest now!”

“We wanted [the Corporation members] to literally hear us,” said Nathan Bishop, a member of Brown Divest Coal.

Speakers — including members of the campaign — discussed reasons for the University to divest from coal companies, which have appall-ing environmental and worker safety practices, Kirkland said.

The turnout was somewhat lower than anticipated, which Kirkland attributed to the early time, 10 a.m., and the impending blizzard. She said she was still impressed by the 80 to 90 students who attended the pro-test, which aimed to “demonstrate the depth of our students’ support.”

Visiting assistant professor in environmental studies Dawn King was also in attendance. She said she acts as an informal faculty adviser to Brown Divest Coal and joins rallies as a speaker and to support students, many of whom she has taught.

The rally attendees did not inter-act with the Corporation, though Provost Mark Schlissel made an appearance at the end of the meet-ing, Kirkland said.

Schlissel said he spoke briefly with two student members of the group, who handed him a letter outlin-

ing the group’s d e m a n d s , i n c l u d i n g a call for the University to “ c o m m i t to addressing the remaining fos-sil fuel invest-

ments it holds,” according to the let-ter.

“The goal is to hurt these compa-nies,” King said, adding that amid national discussions about renew-able energy, it is impossible to address questions of sustainability until soci-ety moves away from fossil fuels.

The Corporation meeting began at 7:30 a.m. and ended just before 9:30 a.m., Schlissel said. He said he first became aware of the rally while working in his o!ce after the Cor-poration session ended, at which time most of its members had dis-persed.

Students were screaming and yelling, “but also engaging people respectfully,” Schlissel said.

“We had a lot of volume,” said James Stomber, who also attended last semester’s Divest Coal rally and added that “this [rally] felt a lot more serious.”

The University has never explic-itly acknowledged any investments in coal companies, but interactions between Brown Divest Coal and President Christina Paxson have indicated that the University does have connections with these com-panies, Kirkland said.

The details of the University’s investments are not released to the general public, but Kirkland said the University has said it has an “energy portfolio.”

“Their lack of response is a very, very clear sign,” said Kristy Choi, a student organizer.

Greek council to decide on new assault policy

BY ESTER CROSSSTAFF WRITER

The Greek Leadership Coun-cil is spearheading a vote on Tuesday to enact a new policy that will pro-vide guidelines for Greek organization sanctions addressing assault cases. The policy requires a majority vote of 50 percent plus one vote from all Greek chapter presidents under the GLC umbrella.

The proposed policy will provide Greek organizations with baseline cri-teria to adhere to, but it will not replace the established internal procedures at each organization, GLC Modera-tor Duncan Hall said. Individual Greek organizations will be able to add to the policy through their own individual procedures.

The new policy, if voted into e"ect, will ensure that Greek organizations comply through funding stipulations.

“Part of the privilege of being in the GLC is receiving GLC funding,” Hall said. “So if this is passed, if you are not complying with the Greek standards, then you don’t get the Greek benefits.”

When drafting the new policy, com-mittee leaders were concerned about creating a policy that did not “over-shadow” the Panhellenic Council’s existing informal policy on assault, Greek Letter Organizations and Soci-eties Director Wes Schaub said. In the spring of 2011, the Panhellenic Coun-cil voted unanimously to collectively suspend events with a Greek organi-zation where assault had occurred if that organization failed to launch for-mal adjudication procedures within 24 hours of notification.

While there is potential for the existing Panhellenic policy and the new proposed GLC policy to work together, they will be implemented through different channels if the GLC policy passes, Panhellenic Council President

Sarah Wildes said.The proposed

assault policy is an attempt at a com-prehensive policy.

“They decided to look at the entire issue of assault and how

can we accomplish a number of di"er-ent things under one policy instead of creating all these di"erent pieces of a policy,” Schaub said.

The policy was drafted by mem-bers of all five GLC subcouncils — the Interfraternity Council, Panhellenic Council, Coed Council, National Asso-ciation of Latino/a Fraternal Organiza-tions and National Panhellenic Counil, GLC spokeswoman Ali Essey said in an email.

Despite the administration’s height-ened scrutiny of Greek organiza-tions, Hall said the policy is a student-led initiative that will function as an additional level of sanctions on those already in place in individual organiza-tions.

GLC’s current policy requires all new Greek members to participate in a Mentors Against Violence facilita-tion program. Individual Greek organi-zations also have internal adjudication procedures that they use to deal with cases of misconduct including assault.

BROWN

DARTMOUTH

LYDIA YAMAGUCHI/THE BROWN DAILY HERALD

Despite the weather conditions, around 90 students gathered on the Main Green to bring the Brown Corporation’s attention to the Divest Coal campaign.

If [the assault policy] is passed, if you are not complying with the Greek standards, then you don’t get the Greek benefits.

DUNCAN HALLModerator, Dartmouth Greek Leadership Council

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CANCELLATIONS AND POSTPONEMENTS

BY ADLON ADAMSSTAFF REPORTER

The unranked men’s tennis team split its weekend in Nash-ville, Tenn., against two distant rivals, ending its four-match winning streak.

The Elis (4–1, 0–0 Ivy) took on the University of Alabama at Birmingham (2–6) and came out on top with a 4–3 victory on Saturday. Less than 24 hours later, Yale su!ered its first loss of the season to nationally ranked No. 43 Middle Tennes-see State University 6–1. Both matches were played at the Nashboro Village Athletic Club in Nashville.

“I thought that the team played well,” team captain Daniel Ho!man ’13 said. “Our doubles wasn’t as sharp as we would’ve liked. UAB was a good team, and it was great that we were able to win after losing the doubles point. Zach Dean [’13] clinched the match against UAB.”

On Saturday, the Bulldogs fought back from behind for the first time this year. Yale lost the doubles point for the first time this season and ended up coming back in singles to gain the win. At No. 1, the No. 19

nationally ranked duo of Ho!-man and Marc Powers ’13 lost in a close match 8–6, while at No. 3, Dean and Matt Saiontz ’15 fell 8–4 in another tough battle.

In singles, the Yale upper-classmen saved the match for the Bulldogs. At No. 1, John Huang ’13 easily defeated UAB’s David Zimmerman 6–2, 6–3. Powers put up a tally for the Elis at No. 2, and Ho!man added to the Elis’ points with a victory at No. 3. Dean deter-mined the fate of the match with a close win 7–6, 7–5 over Luiz Pinto.

“UAB is a talented team that competes extremely hard,”

Zachary Krumholz ’15 said. “The most challenging part about the match was develop-ing strategies against oppo-nents that were completely for-eign to us.”

On Sunday against MTSU (6–2), the Bulldogs again dropped the doubles point. At No. 1, Hoffman and Pow-ers were upset by Yannick Born and Marlon Brand, 8–6.

Unlike Saturday’s match play, the Elis dropped the top three singles matches. Jason Brown ’16 had the lone win for Yale in the 6–1 loss, with a 5–7, 6–4, 6–3 victory. His win-loss record for his first year of play

at Yale is 21–2.“Middle Tennessee was a

really deep and strong team,” Huang said. “They had a lot of big guys and played really well on their courts. We had some tough doubles matches again and did our best to get another comeback win. Their team just played better and more solid overall.”

On Friday the Bulldogs will travel to Ithaca, N.Y., to par-ticipate in the ECAC Division I Indoor Team Championship hosted by Cornell.

Contact ADLON ADAMS at adlon.adams@yale.edu .

THE SENIOR LED THE BULLDOGS PAST UAB ON SATURDAY WITH A 6–2, 6–3 VICTORY AT NO. 1 SINGLES. HUANG WAS ONE OF FOUR ELI SENIORS TO TAKE THEIR SINGLE MATCHES EN ROUTE TO A 4–3 WIN.

TOP ’DOG JOHN HUANG ’13

SOCCERWest Brom 2Liverpool 0

NBALA Clippers 107Philadelphia 90

NBAMinnesota 100Cleveland 92

NCAAMGeorgetown 63Marquette 55

SPORTColumbus 6San Jose 2

“It was great that we were able to win after losing the doubles point.”

DANIEL HOFFMAN ’13CAPTAIN, MEN’S TENNIS

MEN’S HOCKEYBROWN GAME POSTPONED AGAINYale’s matchup with Brown in Provi-dence was initially moved from Satur-day to Sunday as a result of snowstorm Nemo, then rescheduled for tomorrow at 7 p.m. and has now been postponed indefinitely. Last time the teams played, on Dec. 1, the Bears won, 4–3.

JAVIER DUREN ’15ELI NAMED PLAYER OF THE WEEKThe sophomore guard was named Ivy Player of the Week after his team-high 13-point e!ort in the Bulldogs’ upset victory over Princeton on Saturday. Duren chipped in 11 points and eight rebounds the night before against Penn as Yale swept the weekend trip.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

Split weekend for the ElisDAVIDCARTY

The most challenging part about the match was developing strategies against opponents that were completely foreign to us.

ZACHARY KRUMHOLZ ’15Men’s tennis team

MEN’S TENNIS

BASKETBALL WOMEN’S

Game vs. Penn moved from 7 p.m. Friday to 6 p.m. Saturday. Ceiling leak in John J. Lee Amphitheater in following the storm caused the game to be moved to the Lanman Center. YALE 65 PENN 56 Game vs. Princeton moved from 6 p.m. Saturday to 6 p.m. Sunday in John J. Lee Amphitheater. PRINCETON 99 YALE 53

FENCING Ivy League championships scheduled for Saturday and Sunday postponed. The league has not yet announced a new date for the fencing round-robins, which will be held at Harvard’s Gordon Track.

GYMNASTICSBig Red Invitational held according to schedule between host Cornell, SUNY Brockport, SUNY Cortland and Ithaca College, although Yale did not attend. The Bulldogs will reschedule a meet with Cornell, according to the Yale Athletics website.

ICE HOCKEY MEN’SGame at Brown initially moved from 7 p.m. Saturday to 7 p.m. Tuesday. The game has since been postponed indefinitely.

WOMEN’SGame at Harvard scheduled for 7 p.m. Friday postponed indefinitely. Game at Dartmouth moved from 7 p.m. Saturday to 7 p.m. today.

LACROSSE MEN’SSeason-opening scrimmage vs. Le Moyne College at Reese Stadium scheduled for Saturday postponed indefinitely.

SQUASH MEN’SMatch vs. Dartmouth at Brady Squash Center moved from 6 p.m. Friday to 10 a.m. earlier that day. YALE 7 DARTMOUTH 2. Match vs. Harvard moved from 2 p.m. Sunday to 6 p.m. on Monday, Feb. 18.

WOMEN’SMatch vs. Dartmouth at Brady Squash Center moved from 6 p.m. Friday to 10 a.m. Friday. YALE 9 DARTMOUTH 0. Match vs. Harvard moved from 2 p.m. Sunday to 7 p.m. Tuesday.

SWIMMING AND DIVING

MEN’S Meet vs. Brown moved from Saturday to 1 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 16.

WOMEN’S Meet vs. Brown moved from Saturday to 1 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 16.

TENNIS WOMEN’S ECAC Women’s Tennis Indoor Championship canceled. It will not be rescheduled.

MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

John Huang ’13 took down UAB’s David Zimmerman by 6–2, 6–3 at No. 1 singles on Saturday.

Last year the Kentucky men’s basketball team went 38–2 during the regular sea-son, won each of its NCAA tournament games by 12 points or more and brought home its first national title since 1998. No team had been as dominant in winning col-lege basketball’s most coveted prize since 2007, when Florida went 35–5 en route to its sec-ond consecutive champion-ship. But this year college bas-ketball is devoid of a dominant team. The defending national champions were ranked No. 3 in preseason polls, but have found their inexperience dif-ficult to overcome after all five of last year’s starters departed for the NBA. Now, despite being 8–2 in the weak SEC, UK now finds itself barely ranked at No. 25.

Indiana, the team ranked preseason No. 1, still holds that spot, but they have proven that they are far from invinci-ble. After early losses to But-ler in December and Wiscon-sin a month later, the Hoosiers seemed to have caught their stride, winning five straight games including a 81–73 win at home against then-No. 1 Michigan. But Indiana fol-lowed up that performance by blowing a double-digit second half lead to a medio-cre Illinois team on the road on Thursday. If the Hoosiers seriously wants to contend for their first championship in 26 years, they need to be wary of the low-scoring games and tough, physical defenses that they faced against Illinois and are guaranteed to run into in the NCAA tournament.

Last week’s No. 2-ranked team was Florida. The Gators have not been to the Final Four since that 2007 champion-ship team, but they are com-ing out of back-to-back sea-sons that finished in the Elite 8. Coach Billy Donovan has instilled his team with his tra-ditional Pitino-inspired full-court press on defense and a balanced attack on o!ense and had convinced many, includ-ing myself, that Florida has what it takes to reach the Final Four again this season. How-ever, last week the Gators were stunned, 80–69, by a middle-of-the-road Arkansas team, even though Florida came into the game with an average mar-gin of victory of 26 points this season. For the Gators, one of two lessons could be learned: One, they simply were tired and had a bad night, or two, the team has serious flaws and their weaknesses are exposed when they face opponents that run the same style as them. Coach Donovan would be wise to save the tape from this game, as Florida has just eight games remaining in SEC play and probably will only be chal-lenged one or two more times before the tournament begins.

The top five has been a per-ilous place to be ranked this season, and Michigan and Kansas continued the fateful trend over the weekend. The then-No. 3 Wolverines, fresh o! of losing a game and their No. 1 ranking to Indiana, won

only one game before falling again. On Saturday, Michigan lost to Wisconsin in overtime, 65–62. Coach John Beilein has a talented team, but lacks players with serious post-season experience. The Wol-verines have not been to the Sweet Sixteen since 1994, and the loss to Wisconsin high-lighted this hole in their game. Leading by three with seconds to play in regulation, Michi-gan decided to allow Wiscon-sin to attempt a game-tying 3-pointer instead of fouling the Badgers and forcing them to hit free throws and lose pos-session. These are the types of mistakes championship teams refuse to make. Hope-fully, Michigan will learn from their mistakes in Madison and regroup for the end of Big 10 play.

Finally, all of this brings me to Kansas, last week’s No. 5 and the fourth top-five team to lose this past week. When I was a kid, I remem-ber watching a 2001 tourna-ment game between Arizona and a Bill Self-coached Illinois team. Watching that Illinois team play, I came to the con-clusion that Self was a good coach, but one that could not inspire his teams to play at a championship level when they really needed it. Fast-forward to 2008 and Self, now coach-ing at Kansas, proved me wrong by leading his team to a national championship. Last year the Jayhawks coach nearly matched that effort, leading his team back to the NCAA final. But now some of Self’s old habits are coming back. The 2012 Jayhawks are in the midst of a three-game losing streak and have now slipped to No. 14 in the rankings. How-ever, there is a silver lining — the last time Kansas lost three straight games to unranked opponents was 1988. That year Kansas won the NCAA title.

The past week in college basketball makes it is clear that there is no dominant team. This should make for one of the best tournaments in years as up to 15 teams can seriously challenge for the title. Including the teams already mentioned save Ken-tucky, perennial powers Duke, Michigan State, Arizona, Syr-acuse and Louisville all have the necessary pieces to win in March. Add the class of the midmajors, Gonzaga, Butler, Creighton and surprise ACC team Miami, into the mix, and March should be special once again.

Contact DAVID CARTY at david.carty@yale.edu .

The madness of March comes early

THE TOP FIVE HAS BEEN A

PERILOUS PLACE TO BE RANKED THIS SEASON